专题25 短文填空 自由填空和综合填空 2024年中考英语真题分类汇编

专题25短文填空考点3自由填空和综合填空一、短文自由填空（2024·河南·中考真题）阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。ReadingWorksheetStoriesWhatdoyouthinkofthestory?TheBoyWhoCriedWolfThisisawonderfulstoryeveryoneshouldknow.We’resupposedtokeepinmindthatit1importanttotellthetruth.TheUglyDucklingIlikeit!Thismightbe2mostfamousshortstoryofall.Ittellsusthatweshouldbeproud3whoweare,evenifwedon’tlookorfeellikeeveryoneelse.StoneSoupItisaninterestingstory4teachesustoworktogetherandshare.Iwonderwhatmyfriendswouldbringtoputinthepot(锅)ofsoupiftheywereinthestory.Youcanalsoaskyourfriends5thinkaboutit.Theiranswersmightbefun!（2024·内蒙古赤峰·中考真题）阅读短文，根据语篇内容填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词。TheCountryfair(集市)isacommonformoftradinginChina.Inmyhometown,Chifeng,there6fairsearlyinthemorning.Theyareverypopular.Foods,fruits,vegetables,clothesanddailynecessitiesaredisplayedalongbothsides7theroad.Thefairsareopenforjust2or3hours,sopeopleoftenget8veryearly.Theyareveryexcitedtodothiskindofshopping.In9lastmonthofthelunaryear,thefairsarebusierthanusual.GoodsfortheSpringFestivalarefoundthere.Familiesoftendotheshoppingtogether.Theybuydeliciousfood,pictures,duilianandsoon.Itisthehappiestmomentforkids.Theirparentsoftenbuysomefireworksfor10.Thisiswhathappinessisabout.（2024·山西·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，在空白处填入适当的单词，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。Asthesayinggoes,“Lifeislikeaboxofchocolates,youneverknowwhatyouwillget.”Duringourpreparationforzhongkao,wemightgetthebitter(苦的)chocolate.Thebitternesscomesfrommanythings,11gettingupearly,doingallkindsofexercisesandsoon.Butwhenwetastethebitternesscarefully,wewillbesurprisedtodiscoversomesweetnessinit.Thesweetnesscomesfromthe12wholoveus.Thefirstmustbeourparents.Theyhelpedustotidyupourroomsandpreparedeliciousmeals.Besides,wewanttoexpressthankstoourteachers.They13ustobringoutthebestinourselves.Also,weshouldn’tforgetourclassmates.Theyhelpedustokeepmovingwhenwewantedtogive14.Withthehelpofallofthem,wecouldachievesomuchinourlife.Andlifeisthesame.Bitternessisjusttheoutside,15thesweetnessistheinside.Whenwethinklifeisnotwhatweexpect,wecanlooktothebrightsideandwillfindsomethingnice.二、短文综合填空（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空，使文章语义通顺。Electriccarsmayseemtobearecentinvention,buttheyhavebeenaroundforyears.Intheearly1900s,thereweremoreelectriccarsontheroadt16gasoline(汽油)cars.Atthattime,gasolinewasexpensivecomparedwithotherfuels(燃料),soelectriccarsweremorepopular.Whengasolinepricesd17andnewtechnologiesongasolinecarsweredeveloped,electriccarswereoutofdate.Gasolinecarsbecamemorepopulari18.Duringthe20thcentury,gasolinecarsgotbigger,19(heavy)andfaster.Moreandmorepeoplehadboughtgasolinecars.Morefuelwasneeded.Sothisc20moreairpollution.Whenpeoplebegantor21thattherewerenotenoughoilontheearth,theyrequiredcar22(make)toproducemoreefficient(高效能的)cars.Onemethodof23(solve)theproblemwasa“hybrid”car,onethatranpartlyongasolineandpartlyonelectricity.Hybridcarsbecamepopularinthe2000sbecausegasolinepriceswentupwhilepricesofhybridcarswentdown.Anall-electriccarusesnogasoline.H24,theproblemisthatelectriccarsarenotsuitableforlongjourneys.Manypeoplearenotpleasedwithit.Thegovernmentandthecarfactoriesareworkingtogethertodevelopsafe,cheapand25(use)electriccars.Whenmoreandmorepeoplehavetheseelectriccarsinthefuture,agasolinestationmaydisappear.（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。“Doyougetenoughsleep?”Theanswerisprobablynoifyouaskatiredstudentwhoisalwaystakinganap(小睡)onaclassroomdesk.“Icouldn’tgettosleepandexperiencedarestlessnightagain.”Youmayoftenhearsuchwordsfromanadult.Nothavingenough26isacommonproblemaroundtheworld.However,sleepisjustlikefoodandwatertous.27ofuscanliveifwedon’tsleepatall.Sleepexpertssaythatanadultrequires7to9hoursofsleepanightandateenagerneeds8.5to9.5hours.Anythinglesscouldbeh28toourhealth.Accordingtoastudy,sleepingonlyfivehoursanightforaweekislikehavingablood-alcohol(酒精)levelof0.1percent.Thatisabovethesafedrivinglimit(限制)inmostcountries.Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’ttakeanexamorgotoworkiftheygetdrunk.But29enoughsleep,theystilldothesethings.Asaresult,they30intheexamsorperformbadlyatwork.What’sworse,doctorsandnursesoftenworklonghours.Whentheyaresleepy,theymighthurtapatientoreven31apatient’sdeathbyaccident.32sleepissoimportant,manypeoplethesedaysarenotgettingenough.Inasurvey,twentypercentsaythatdaytimesleepinessinfluencestheirdailywork.Theyfeelithardtopayfullattentionduringtheday.However,theydon’tseemtocare.Someevenshowoffhowenergetictheycanbethenextdayjustwithlittlesleep.Itmaybetimetowakeupand33thewaywethink.Weshouldrealizethatnotsleepingenoughisaseriousproblem.（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Intheworldthatwearecreatingveryquickly,we’regoingtoseemoreandmorethingsthatlooklikesciencefiction,andfewerandfewerthingsthatlooklikejobs.Forexample,ourcarsareveryquicklygoingtostartdriving34.Thatmeanswe’regoingtoneedfewerdrivers.Atthesametime,theremightbesomenewkindsof35inthefuture.Let’shavealookatsomeofthem.Robotswillbecomemorecommoninourhomesandschools,sowe’llneedpeoplewhoknow36tofixthem.Theseworkerswillbelikerobotdoctors,findingoutwhat’swrongwitharobotandhelpingitgetbetter.Imaginegoingonvacationtospace!Inthefuture,morepeoplemightbeinterestedinspacetravel,sowemightneedg37whocanshowtouristsaroundthestarsandplanets.AsAI(人工智能)isdevelopingfast,we’llneedpeopletocheckthatitworksproperly.WecallthesepeopleAIrulekeepers.Theywillmake38thatAIwon’tdoanythingharmfultohumans.Schoolmightlookdifferentinthefuture,withlessonsdesignedjustforyou.Thenwe’llneedp39learningplanners.Theseplannerswouldcreatespeciallearningplans40eachstudent,sothateveryonecouldgetwhattheyneedtosucceed.Thesearejustafewexamplesofthejobswemighthaveinthefuture.Thebestwaytogetreadyforthesefuturejobsistobeopentonewideasandnever41learning.Knowledgewillremainimportant,andproblemsolvingandcritical(批判性的)thinkingskillswillbeneededforourfutureeducationandwork.专题25短文填空考点3自由填空和综合填空一、短文自由填空（2024·河南·中考真题）阅读短文，根据语篇要求填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。ReadingWorksheetStoriesWhatdoyouthinkofthestory?TheBoyWhoCriedWolfThisisawonderfulstoryeveryoneshouldknow.We’resupposedtokeepinmindthatit1importanttotellthetruth.TheUglyDucklingIlikeit!Thismightbe2mostfamousshortstoryofall.Ittellsusthatweshouldbeproud3whoweare,evenifwedon’tlookorfeellikeeveryoneelse.StoneSoupItisaninterestingstory4teachesustoworktogetherandshare.Iwonderwhatmyfriendswouldbringtoputinthepot(锅)ofsoupiftheywereinthestory.Youcanalsoaskyourfriends5thinkaboutit.Theiranswersmightbefun!【答案】1．is2．the3．of4．that/which5．to【导语】本文介绍了三个故事和对故事的看法。1．句意：我们应该记住说真话是很重要的。根据“it…importanttotellthetruth”可知，此处需要be动词作谓语，时态是一般现在时，主语是it，故填is。2．句意：这可能是最著名的短篇小说了。根据“Thismightbe…mostfamousshortstoryofall.”可知，此处是“the+形容词最高级”结构，故填the。3．句意：它告诉我们，我们应该为自己感到骄傲，即使我们看起来或感觉和别人不一样。根据“Ittellsusthatweshouldbeproud…whoweare”可知，beproudof“为……感到骄傲”，固定短语，故填of。4．句意：这是一个有趣的故事，教会我们一起工作和分享。根据“Itisaninterestingstory…teachesustoworktogetherandshare.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是物，引导词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导。故填that/which。5．句意：你也可以让你的朋友考虑一下。根据“Youcanalsoaskyourfriends…thinkaboutit.”可知，此处是asksbtodosth短语，故填to。（2024·内蒙古赤峰·中考真题）阅读短文，根据语篇内容填空，使短文通顺、意思完整，每空限填一词。TheCountryfair(集市)isacommonformoftradinginChina.Inmyhometown,Chifeng,there6fairsearlyinthemorning.Theyareverypopular.Foods,fruits,vegetables,clothesanddailynecessitiesaredisplayedalongbothsides7theroad.Thefairsareopenforjust2or3hours,sopeopleoftenget8veryearly.Theyareveryexcitedtodothiskindofshopping.In9lastmonthofthelunaryear,thefairsarebusierthanusual.GoodsfortheSpringFestivalarefoundthere.Familiesoftendotheshoppingtogether.Theybuydeliciousfood,pictures,duilianandsoon.Itisthehappiestmomentforkids.Theirparentsoftenbuysomefireworksfor10.Thisiswhathappinessisabout.【答案】6．are7．of8．up9．the10．them【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了自己家乡的集市。6．句意：在我的家乡赤峰，一大早就有集市。此处是therebe句型，意为“有”。时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are。7．句意：食物、水果、蔬菜、衣服和生活必需品陈列在道路两侧。bothsidesoftheroad“道路两侧”，用介词of，表“……的”。故填of。8．句意：集市只开放两三个小时，所以人们常常起得很早。此处指人们为了赶集会起得很早。getup“起床”，动词短语。故填up。9．句意：在农历的最后一个月，集市比平时更繁忙。根据“In…lastmonthofthelunaryear”可知，此处特指农历的最后一个月，其前应加定冠词the。故填the。10．句意：他们的父母经常给他们买一些烟花。buysth.forsb.“给某人买某物”。此处指父母给孩子们买烟花，故用代词宾格them，指代上文提到的kids，作介词for的宾语。故填them。（2024·山西·中考真题）请阅读下面语篇，根据其内容，在空白处填入适当的单词，使其通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。Asthesayinggoes,“Lifeislikeaboxofchocolates,youneverknowwhatyouwillget.”Duringourpreparationforzhongkao,wemightgetthebitter(苦的)chocolate.Thebitternesscomesfrommanythings,11gettingupearly,doingallkindsofexercisesandsoon.Butwhenwetastethebitternesscarefully,wewillbesurprisedtodiscoversomesweetnessinit.Thesweetnesscomesfromthe12wholoveus.Thefirstmustbeourparents.Theyhelpedustotidyupourroomsandpreparedeliciousmeals.Besides,wewanttoexpressthankstoourteachers.They13ustobringoutthebestinourselves.Also,weshouldn’tforgetourclassmates.Theyhelpedustokeepmovingwhenwewantedtogive14.Withthehelpofallofthem,wecouldachievesomuchinourlife.Andlifeisthesame.Bitternessisjusttheoutside,15thesweetnessistheinside.Whenwethinklifeisnotwhatweexpect,wecanlooktothebrightsideandwillfindsomethingnice.【答案】11．like/including12．people/persons13．helped14．up15．but【导语】本文讲述了我们的生活中既有苦涩，也有甜蜜。当我们面对苦涩时，不要忘记寻找生命中的甜蜜。11．句意：苦涩来自很多事情，比如/包括早起，做各种练习等等。此处缺少介词，下文用以举例一些苦涩的事情，故用like“例如”或including“包括”。故填like/including。12．句意：甜蜜来自爱我们的人。此处缺少名词作宾语。根据下文“Thefirstmustbeourparents…Besides,wewanttoexpressthankstoourteachers.…”可知，此处指甜蜜来自于爱我们的人们，故用people“人”或名词复数persons“人”。故填people/persons。13．句意：他们帮助我们展现了自己最好的一面。此处缺少谓语动词。根据“Besides,wewanttoexpressthankstoourteachers.They…ustobringoutthebestinourselves.”可知，此处指老师帮助我们展现最好的一面。help“帮助”，动词，结合下文“Theyhelpedustokeepmoving…”可知，此处是一般过去时，谓语动词用其过去式。故填helped。14．句意：当我们想放弃的时候，他们帮助我们继续前进。根据“Theyhelpedustokeepmovingwhenwewantedtogive…”可知，此处指当我们想要放弃的时候，同学们帮助我们前进。giveup“放弃”，动词短语。故填up。15．句意：苦涩只是外表，但甜蜜是内在。此处缺少连词，前后文之间是转折关系，故用but“但是”连接。故填but。二、短文综合填空（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空，使文章语义通顺。Electriccarsmayseemtobearecentinvention,buttheyhavebeenaroundforyears.Intheearly1900s,thereweremoreelectriccarsontheroadt16gasoline(汽油)cars.Atthattime,gasolinewasexpensivecomparedwithotherfuels(燃料),soelectriccarsweremorepopular.Whengasolinepricesd17andnewtechnologiesongasolinecarsweredeveloped,electriccarswereoutofdate.Gasolinecarsbecamemorepopulari18.Duringthe20thcentury,gasolinecarsgotbigger,19(heavy)andfaster.Moreandmorepeoplehadboughtgasolinecars.Morefuelwasneeded.Sothisc20moreairpollution.Whenpeoplebegantor21thattherewerenotenoughoilontheearth,theyrequiredcar22(make)toproducemoreefficient(高效能的)cars.Onemethodof23(solve)theproblemwasa“hybrid”car,onethatranpartlyongasolineandpartlyonelectricity.Hybridcarsbecamepopularinthe2000sbecausegasolinepriceswentupwhilepricesofhybridcarswentdown.Anall-electriccarusesnogasoline.H24,theproblemisthatelectriccarsarenotsuitableforlongjourneys.Manypeoplearenotpleasedwithit.Thegovernmentandthecarfactoriesareworkingtogethertodevelopsafe,cheapand25(use)electriccars.Whenmoreandmorepeoplehavetheseelectriccarsinthefuture,agasolinestationmaydisappear.【答案】16．(t)han17．(d)ropped18．(i)nstead19．heavier20．(c)aused21．(r)ealize/(r)ealise22．makers23．solving24．(H)owever25．useful【导语】本文主要介绍了电动汽车的发展情况。16．句意：在20世纪初，路上行驶的电动汽车比汽油车多。根据“thereweremoreelectriccarsontheroadt...gasoline(汽油)cars”可知，路上行驶的电动汽车比汽油车多，than“比”符合语境，故填(t)han。17．句意：当汽油价格下降和汽油车的新技术被开发出来时，电动汽车就过时了。根据“Whengasolinepricesd...andnewtechnologiesongasolinecarsweredeveloped,electriccarswereoutofdate.”可知，汽油价格下降且有技术更新，电动汽车会过时，drop“下降”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(d)ropped。18．句意：汽油车反而变得更受欢迎。根据“electriccarswereoutofdate.Gasolinecarsbecamemorepopulari...”可知，电动汽车过时了，那么汽油车反而变得更受欢迎，instead“反而”符合语境，故填(i)nstead。19．句意：在20世纪，汽油车变得更大、更重、更快。此处与bigger和faster并列，所以用形容词比较级heavier“更重”，故填heavier。20．句意：这就造成了更多的空气污染。根据“Moreandmorepeoplehadboughtgasolinecars,morefuelwasneeded.Sothisc...moreairpollution.”可知，使用更多的燃料造成了更多的空气污染，cause“造成”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(c)aused。21．句意：当人们开始意识到地球上没有足够的石油时，他们要求汽车制造商生产更节能的汽车。根据“Whenpeoplebegantor...thattherewerenotenoughoilontheearth”可知，人们意识到地球上没有足够的石油，realize/realise“意识到”，begantodosth“开始做某事”，故填(r)ealize/(r)ealise。22．句意：当人们开始意识到地球上没有足够的石油时，他们要求汽车制造商生产更节能的汽车。根据“theyrequiredcar...toproducemoreefficient(高效能的)cars”可知，要求汽车制造商生产更节能的汽车，maker“制造商”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填makers。23．句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合动力”汽车，一种部分使用汽油，部分使用电力的汽车。of是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填solving。24．句意：然而，问题是电动汽车不适合长途旅行。前后两句构成转折关系，可用however“然而”连接，句首需大写首字母。故填(H)owever。25．句意：政府和汽车工厂正在合作开发安全、便宜和有用的电动汽车。此处与safe和cheap并列作定语，useful“有用的”符合语境，故填useful。（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。请将完整的单词填写在答题卡上对应的位置。“Doyougetenoughsleep?”Theanswerisprobablynoifyouaskatiredstudentwhoisalwaystakinganap(小睡)onaclassroomdesk.“Icouldn’tgettosleepandexperiencedarestlessnightagain.”Youmayoftenhearsuchwordsfromanadult.Nothavingenough26isacommonproblemaroundtheworld.However,sleepisjustlikefoodandwatertous.27ofuscanliveifwedon’tsleepatall.Sleepexpertssaythatanadultrequires7to9hoursofsleepanightandateenagerneeds8.5to9.5hours.Anythinglesscouldbeh28toourhealth.Accordingtoastudy,sleepingonlyfivehoursanightforaweekislikehavingablood-alcohol(酒精)levelof0.1percent.Thatisabovethesafedrivinglimit(限制)inmostcountries.Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’ttakeanexamorgotoworkiftheygetdrunk.But29enoughsleep,theystilldothesethings.Asaresult,they30intheexamsorperformbadlyatwork.What’sworse,doctorsandnursesoftenworklonghours.Whentheyaresleepy,theymighthurtapatientoreven31apatient’sdeathbyaccident.32sleepissoimportant,manypeoplethesedaysarenotgettingenough.Inasurvey,twentypercentsaythatdaytimesleepinessinfluencestheirdailywork.Theyfeelithardtopayfullattentionduringtheday.However,theydon’tseemtocare.Someevenshowoffhowenergetictheycanbethenextdayjustwithlittlesleep.Itmaybetimetowakeupand33thewaywethink.Weshouldrealizethatnotsleepingenoughisaseriousproblem.【答案】26．sleep27．None28．(h)armful29．without30．fail31．cause32．Though/Although33．change【导语】本文介绍了充足睡眠的重要性。26．句意：睡眠不足是世界上一个普遍的问题。enough形容词，修饰名词，根据“Doyougetenoughsleep?”可知此处介绍睡眠不足的问题，sleep表示“睡眠”。故填sleep。27．句意：如果不睡觉，我们不能生存。根据“ifwedon’tsleepatall”可知不睡觉，大家都不能生存，noneof表示“没有”，强调三者或三者以上都不，位于句首，首字母大写。故填None。28．句意：任何不足都可能对我们的健康有害。根据“Sleepexpertssaythatanadultrequires7to9hoursofsleepanightandateenagerneeds8.5to9.5hours.”可知此处介绍睡眠不足对健康有害，此空为形容词作表语，harmful表示“有害的”。故填(h)armful。29．句意：但是没有充足的睡眠，他们仍然做这些事。根据“Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’ttakeanexamorgotoworkiftheygetdrunk.”可知饮酒不能做的事，但是没有充足的睡眠仍然会去做。介词without表示“没有”。故填without。30．句意：结果他们考试失败或者在工作中表现不好。此空为谓语动词，根据“intheexamsorperformbadlyatwork.”可知此处指考试失败，fail表示“失败”，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填fail。31．句意：当他们困了的时候，他们可能会伤害病人，甚至意外导致病人的死亡。or连接并列的动词原形，根据“apatient’sdeathbyaccident.”可知此处指意外导致人死亡，cause表示“引起”。故填cause。32．句意：尽管睡眠如此重要，现在很多人也没有充足睡眠。根据“sleepissoimportant,manypeoplethesedaysarenotgettingenough.”可知此句是让步状语从句，用though或although引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Though/Although。33．句意：也许是时候醒过来，改变我们的思维方式了。and连接并列的动词原形，根据“Weshouldrealizethatnotsleepingenoughisaseriousproblem.”可知此处指改变“我们”的思维方式，change表示“改变”。故填change。（2024·重庆·中考真题）根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Intheworldthatwearecreatingveryquickly,we’regoingtoseemoreandmorethingsthatlooklikesciencefiction,andfewerandfewerthingsthatlooklikejobs.Forexample,ourcarsareveryquicklygoingtostartdriving34.Thatmeanswe’regoingtoneedfewerdrivers.Atthesametime,theremightbesomenewkindsof35inthefuture.Let’shavealookatsomeofthem.Robotswillbecomemorecommoninourhomesandschools,sowe’llneedpeoplewhoknow36tofixthem.Theseworkerswillbelikerobotdoctors,findingoutwhat’swrongwitharobotandhelpingitgetbetter.Imaginegoingonvacatio