大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷21（共265题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷21（共9套）（共265题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、长篇阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)TheChangingGeneration[A]Itturnsouttoday'steenagersaren'tsoscaryafterall.ResultsofUSAWEEKEND’sTeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewhogetalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomorDadwhentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,andtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents'lives.Manyeventhinktheirparentsarecool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents,rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color(低俗的)bookorCD.[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober2000,thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashington-basedCenterforMediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshownathome,andjust1%wereportrayedinaworksetting.Incontrast,thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence.[C]Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday'steensareaffectionate,sensibleandfarhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.Fromothersources,wealsoknowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline.We,ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewofmostyoungpeople.[D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin-depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurvey.Still,inmystudiesandothersIhaveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND’ssurvey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMomandDad'sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusicorfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero,theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteenssaytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.[E]Contrarytosomestereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals(thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquishenvironmentofhighschool).Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.Oneprevalentqualitywehavefoundinteens'statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsandtheirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,theseareverynicekids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright."[F]Howmuchistoday'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?Ameregenerationago,parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"thegenerationgap."Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone:Mostkidsinthe'60sand'70ssharedtheirparents'basicvalues.Still,itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnewmillennium(千年).Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountryinaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehaviorwellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap.Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears.Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal,"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.[G]Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday'syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment,oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyinapro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships,buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworldbeyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.[H]Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysonthe"lawsoflife"thatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,Pa.Inthoseessays,andinfollow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefoundlotsofinsight,positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterestinciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.[I]Forexample,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup.WhenIwasinhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently.Infact,otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivicorganizations.Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections,comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhevote.[J]Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste."Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不诚实的),"onestudentdeclared.Another,discussingnationalpolitics,said,"Igettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothatmuch."Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife,gaininggoodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermoremateriallysuccessfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),andbeingmorerespectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'dratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething."[K]Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditisgoodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends.Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions.[L]Inthepast,theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs,oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy.Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive.Weknowthepromiseisthere—thisisawell-grounded,talented,warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters.Wehaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld.1、Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelectionsthesedays.标准答案：I知识点解析：题干：如今没有多少具有投票资格的年轻选民对本地或国家选举感兴趣了。题干的关键词Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelections与I段末句的votingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections相对应，题干是对I段末句的同义替换。故本题选I。2、Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheirteens.标准答案：B知识点解析：题干：父母担心，他们的孩子一旦成为青少年，就会被卷入刑事犯罪中。题干的关键词Parentsareconcernedthat和getinvolvedincriminaloffences与B段末句的Nowonderparentsworry及倒数第二句的thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds相对应，题干是对B段的概括总结。故本题选B。3、Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia.标准答案：F知识点解析：题干：即使是在20世纪的动荡年代，媒体也经常会夸大年轻人的叛逆。题干的时间关键词duringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury，以及其他关键词youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia与F段第二句的Ameregenerationago及第三句的thenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone相对应，题干是对F段第二、三句的概括总结。故本题选F。4、Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice.标准答案：D知识点解析：题干：如今的年轻人经常向父母寻求关于职业选择等重要事项的建议。题干的人物关键词Teenagersoftoday，以及其他关键词turntotheirparentsforadvice，onsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice与D段第三句的Today’steenagers及welcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice相对应，题干是对D段第三句的同义替换。故本题选D。5、Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.标准答案：C知识点解析：题干：如今，青少年的犯罪率和行为不端的发生率在逐渐降低。题干的关键词Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehavior和isdecreasingnowadays与C段第三句的teenagecrime，drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline相对应，题干是对C段第三句的同义替换。故本题选C。6、Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.标准答案：K知识点解析：题干：年轻人在生活中应该具有崇高的理想，努力成为领导人。题干的关键词Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyideals和strivetobeleaders与K段末句的aplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposes及anaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions相对应，题干是对K段末句的同义替换。故本题选K。7、Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon’twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit.标准答案：A知识点解析：题干：一些年轻人想要保留一些秘密，不想让父母知道。题干的关键词Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselves和don’twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit与A段末句的haveallobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents相对应，题干是对A段末句的同义替换。故本题选A。8、Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetreadytomakeitabetterplace.标准答案：L知识点解析：题干：鼓励年轻人探索更广阔的世界，并准备好使其变成一个更美好的世界，这是有益的。题干的关键词encourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldgetreadytomakeitabetterplace和isbeneficial与L段末句的encouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld及Wehaveeverythingtogain相对应，题干是对L段末句的同义替换。故本题选L。9、Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.标准答案：E知识点解析：题干：许多年轻人现在自愿为有需要的人提供服务。题干的关键词offertorenderservicetotheneedy和Manyteenagers与E段第二句的Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople相对应，题干是对E段第二句的同义替换。故本题选E。10、Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatters.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干：从对学生的采访中发现，他们中的许多人只关心自己的事情。题干的关键词Interviewswithstudents和onlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatter与J段第一句的Inourinterviews第四句的studentsmentionedonlypersonalconcerns相对应，题干是对J段第一、四句的同义替换。故本题选J。TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here'sHowWecanStartFixingIt.[A]Americansareworkinglongerandharderhoursthaneverbefore.83%ofworkerssaythey'restressedabouttheirjobs,nearly50%saywork-relatedstressisinterferingwiththeirsleep,and60%usetheirsmartphonestocheckinwithworkoutsideofnormalworkinghours.Nowonderonly13%ofemployeesworldwidefeelengagedintheiroccupation.[B]Glimmers(少许)ofhope,however,arebeginningtoemergeinthisbruisingenvironment:Americansarebecomingawareofthetolltheirjobstakeonthem,andemployersareexploringwaystoalleviatetheharmfuleffectsofstressandoverwork.Yetmuchmoreworkremainstobedone.Tocallstressanepidemicisn'texaggeration.The83%ofAmericanemployeeswhoarestressedabouttheirjobs—upfrom73%justayearbefore—saythatpoorcompensationandanunreasonableworkloadaretheirnumber-onesourcesofstress.Andifyoususpectedthattheworkplacehadgottenmorestressfulthanitwasjustafewdecadesago,you'reright.Stresslevelsincreased18%forwomenand24%formenfrom1983to2009.Stressisalsostartingearlierinlife,withsomedatasuggestingthattoday'steensareevenmorestressedthanadults.[C]Stressistakingasignificanttollonourhealth,andthecollectivepublichealthcostmaybeenormous.Occupationalstressincreasestheriskofheartattackanddiabetes,acceleratestheagingprocess,decreaseslongevity,andcontributestodepressionandanxiety,amongnumerousothernegativehealthoutcomes.Overall,stress-relatedhealthproblemsaccountforupto90%ofhospitalvisits,manyofthempreventable.Yourjobis"literallykillingyou,"asTheWashingtonPostputit.It'salsohurtingourrelationships.Workingparentssaytheyfeelstressed,tired,rushedandshortonqualitytimewiththeirchildren,friendsandpartners.[D]Sevenin10workerssaytheystruggletomaintainwork-lifebalance.Astechnology(andwithit,workemails)seeps(渗入)intoeveryaspectofourlives,work-lifebalancehasbecomeanalmostmeaninglessterm.Addarapidlychangingeconomyandanuncertainfuturetothis24/7connectivity,andyou'vegotarecipeforoverwork,accordingtoPhyllisMoen."There'srisingworkdemandcoupledwiththeinsecurityofmergers,takeovers,downsizingandotherfactors,"Moensaid."Partofthework-lifeissuehastotalkaboutuncertaintyaboutthefuture."[E]Thesefactorshaveconvergedtocreateanincreasinglyimpossiblesituationwithmanyemployeesoverworkingtothepointofburnout.It'snotonlyunsustainableforworkers,butalsoforthecompaniesthatemploythem.Sciencehasshownaclearcorrelationbetweenhighstresslevelsinworkersandabsenteeism(旷工),reducedproductivity,disengagementandhighturnover.Toomanyworkplacepolicieseffectivelyprohibitemployeesfromdevelopingahealthywork-lifebalancebybarringthemfromtakingtimeoff,evenwhentheyneeditmost.[F]TheU.S.trailsfarbehindeverywealthynationandmanydevelopingonesthathavefamily-friendlyworkpoliciesincludingpaidparentalleave,paidsickdaysandbreast-feedingsupport,accordingtoa2007study.TheU.S.isalsotheonlyadvancedeconomythatdoesnotguaranteeworkerspaidvacationtime,andit'soneofonlytwocountriesintheworldthatdoesnotofferguaranteedpaidmaternityleave.Butevenwhenemployeesaregivenpaidtimeoff,workplacenormsandexpectationsthatpressurethemtooverworkoftenpreventthemfromtakingit.Fulltimeemployeeswhodohavepaidvacationdaysonlyusehalfofthemonaverage.[G]Ourmodernworkplacesalsooperatebasedonoutdatedtimeconstraints.Thepracticeofclockinginforaneight-hourworkdayisaleftoverfromthedaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,asreflectedinthethen-popularsaying,"Eighthourslabor,eighthoursrecreation,eighthoursrest."[H]We'veheldontothisworkdaystructure—butthankstoourdigitaldevices,manyemployeesneverreallyclockout.Today,theaverageAmericanspends8.8hoursatworkdaily,andthemajorityofworkingprofessionalsspendadditionalhourscheckinginwithworkduringevenings,weekendsandevenvacations.Theproblemisn'tthetechnologyitself,butthatthetechnologyisbeingusedtocreatemoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthantheemployee.Inacompetitiveworkenvironment,employersareabletousetechnologytodemandmorefromtheiremployeesratherthanmotivatingworkerswithflexibilitythatbenefitsthem.[I]Inastudypublishedlastyear,psychologistscoinedtheterm"workplacetelepressure"todescribeanemployee'surgetoimmediatelyrespondtoemailsandengageinobsessivethoughtsaboutreturninganemailtoone'sboss,colleaguesorclients.Theresearchersfoundthattelepressureisamajorcauseofstressatwork,whichovertimecontributestophysicalandmentalburnout.Ofthe300employeesparticipatinginthestudy,thosewhoexperiencedhighlevelsoftelepressureweremorelikelytoagreewithstatementsassessingburnout,like"I'venoenergyforgoingtoworkinthemorning,"andtoreportfeelingfatiguedandunfocused.Telepressurewasalsocorrelatedwithsleepingpoorlyandmissingwork.[J]HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorLesliePerlowexplainsthatwhenpeoplefeelthepressuretobealways"on,"theyfindwaystoaccommodatethatpressure,includingalteringtheirschedules,workhabitsandinteractionswithfamilyandfriends.Perlowcallsthisviciouscyclethe"cycleofresponsiveness":Oncebossesandcolleaguesexperienceanemployee'sincreasedresponsiveness,theyincreasetheirdemandsontheemployee'stime.Andbecauseafailuretoaccepttheseincreaseddemandsindicatesalackofcommitmenttoone'swork,theemployeecomplies.[K]Toaddressskyrocketingemployeestresslevels,manycompanieshaveimplementedworkplacewellnessprograms,partneringwithhealthcareprovidersthathavecreatedprogramstopromoteemployeehealthandwell-being.Someresearchdoessuggestthattheseprogramsholdpromise.AstudyofemployeesathealthinsuranceproviderAetnarevealedthatroughlyonequarterofthosetakingin-officeyogaandmindfulnessclassesreporteda28%reductionintheirstresslevelsanda20%improvementinsleepquality.Theseless-stressedworkersgainedanaverageof62minutesperweekofproductivity.Whileyogaandmeditation(静思)arescientificallyproventoreducestresslevels,theseprogramsdolittletotargettherootcausesofburnoutanddisengagement.Theconditionscreatingthestressarelonghours,unrealisticdemandsanddeadlines,andwork-lifeconflict.[L]Moenandhercolleaguesmayhavefoundthesolution.Ina2011study,sheinvestigatedtheeffectsofimplementingaResultsOnlyWorkEnvironment(ROWE)ontheproductivityandwell-beingofemployeesatBestBuy'scorporateheadquarters.[M]Forthestudy,325employeesspentsixmonthstakingpartinROWE,whileacontrolgroupof334employeescontinuedwiththeirnormalworkflow.TheROWEparticipantswereallowedtofreelydeterminewhen,whereandhowtheyworked—theonlythingthatmatteredwasthattheygotthejobdone.Theresultswerestriking.Aftersixmonths,theemployeeswhoparticipatedinROWEreportedreducedwork-familyconflictandabettersenseofcontroloftheirtime,andtheyweregettingafullhourofextrasleepeachnight.Theemployeeswerelesslikelytoleavetheirjobs,resultinginreducedturnover.It'simportanttonotethattheincreasedflexibilitydidn'tencouragethemtoworkaroundtheclock."Theydidn'tworkanywhereandallthetime—theywerebetterabletomanagetheirwork,"Moensaid."Flexibilityandcontroliskey,"shecontinued.11、Workplacenormspressureemployeestooverwork,deterringthemfromtakingpaidtimeoff.标准答案：F知识点解析：题干：职场标准迫使员工过劳工作，阻止他们带薪休假。题干的关键词Workplacenorms和deterringthemfromtakingpaidtimeoff与F段倒数第二句的workplacenorms及preventthemfromtakingit(it指paidtimeoff)相对应，题干是对F段倒数第二句的同义替换。故本题选F。12、Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployeesattributetheirstressmainlytolowpayandanexcessiveworkload.标准答案：B知识点解析：题干：绝大多数员工认为自己的压力主要源于低工资和过度的工作负担。题干的人物关键词Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployees，以及其他关键词lowpayandanexcessiveworkload、attributetheirstressmainlyto与B段第四句的The83％ofAmericanemployees及poorcompensationandanunreasonableworkload，theftnumber-onesourcesofstress相对应，题干是对B段第四句的同义替换。故本题选B。13、AccordingtoMoen,flexibilitygivesemployeesbettercontrolovertheirworkandtime.标准答案：M知识点解析：题干：根据莫恩的说法，灵活性能够让员工更好地协调自己的工作和生活。题干的人物关键词Moen，以及其他关键词flexibility、bettercontrolovertheirworkandtime与原文M段末句的Moensaid／Flexibilityandcontroliskey相对应，题干是对M段最后两句的概括总结。故本题选M。14、Flexibilityresultingfromtheuseofdigitaldevicesbenefitsemployersinsteadofemployees.标准答案：H知识点解析：题干：因使用数字设备而产生的灵活性对雇主有利，而非员工。题干的关键词Flexibilitybenefitsemployersinsteadofemployees和theuseofdigitaldevices与H段第三句的createmoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthantheemployee及首句的thankstoourdigitaldevices相对应，题干是对H段第一、三句的概括总结。故本题选H。15、Researchfindsthatifemployeessufferfromhighstress,theywillbelessmotivated,lessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit.标准答案：E知识点解析：题干：研究发现，如果员工压力过大，他们的工作积极性就会降低，工作效率下降，更有可能离职。题干的关键词Researchfindsthatifemployeessufferfromhighstress和belessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit与E段第三句的Sciencehasshownaclearcorrelationbetweenhighstresslevelsinworkers…highturnover相对应，题干是对E段第三句的同义替换。故本题选E。16、In-officewellnessprogramsmayhelpreducestresslevels,buttheyarehardlyanultimatesolutiontotheproblem.标准答案：K知识点解析：题干：办公室内的健身项目可能有助于缓解压力，但它们难以完全解决该问题。题干的关键词In-officewellnessprograms和hardlyanultimatesolutiontotheproblem与K段第五句的yogaandmeditation及dolittletotargettherootcauses相对应，题干是对K段第五句的同义替换。故本题选K。17、Healthproblemscausedbystressintheworkplaceresultinhugepublichealthexpenses.标准答案：C知识点解析：题干：职场压力带来的健康问题导致巨大的公共健康支出。题干的关键词Healthproblemscausedbystress和resultinhugepublichealthexpenses与C段首句的Stressistakingasignificanttollonourhealththecollectivepublichealthcostmaybeenormous相对应，题干是对C段首句的同义替换。故本题选C。18、Ifemployeesrespondquicklytotheirjobassignments,theemployerislikelytodemandmorefromthem.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干：如果员工迅速响应工作任务，雇主就有可能对他们提出更多的要求。题干的关键词employeesrespondquickly和demandmorefromthem与J段第二句的anemployee’sincreasedresponsiveness及increasetheirdemandsontheemployee’stime对应，题干是对J段第二句的同义替换。故本题选J。19、Withtechnologyeverywhereinourlife,ithasbecomevirtuallyimpossibleformostworkerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.标准答案：D知识点解析：题干：随着科技渗透我们生活的方方面面，大多数工人保持工作和生活的平衡实际上是不可能的。题干的关键词technologyeverywhereinourlife和impossibleformostworkerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife与D段第二句的technologyseepsintoeveryaspectofourlives及work—lifebalancehasbecomeanalmostmeaninglessterm相对应，题干是对D段第二句的同义替换。故本题选D。20、InAmericatoday,eventeenagerssufferfromstress,andtheirproblemisevenmoreseriousthangrown-ups’.标准答案：B知识点解析：题干：在当今的美国，即使是青少年也有压力，他们的问题甚至比成年人还要严重。题干的关键词teenagerssufferfromstress和evenmoreseriousthangrown-ups与B段末句的today’steensareevenmorestressedthanadults相对应，题干是对B段末句的同义替换。故本题选B。二、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Closeto6,000individuals,amongthemmanyhistorians,havesignedanonlinepetitionprotestingtherecentdecisionbyadministratorsatAstonUniversityinBirmingham,U.K.,todissolvetheirdepartmentofhistory,languagesandtranslationandtorenderthefacultymembers"redundant"—thatis,toterminatetheircontractswithinthenextfewyears.Fromaperspectivebeyondtheethicsofemploymentinhighereducation,whatishappeningatAstonamplifiesalarmsthathavebeguntoringelsewhereaswell,notjustintheU.K.butalsohereintheUnitedStates.Itappears,basedonTheGuardian'sreporting,thatthedecisionatAstoncouldbepartofabroaderattackonhumanitiesteachingintheso-calledmodernuniversitiesintheU.K.thatcaterinparticulartofirst-generationcollegestudents.Similarly,inAmerica,especiallyatnoneliteuniversities,governingboardsandadministratorshavemistakenlyassumedthathistoryandotherhumanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs.Statelegislatureshaveevenbeguntoconsiderproposalstotiefinancialaidtoastudent'sdeclarationofmajorsthat"leaddirectlytoemployment."Thisisnotamatterofthescience,technology,engineeringandmathematicsdisciplines(STEM)versusthehumanities.Onewouldbehard-pressedtoseewherephysicsleadsanymore"directly"toimmediateemploymentthanhistory.Instead,itisanattackontwooftheverypremisesofundergraduateeducationinademocraticsociety:accesstoopportunityandpreparationforcitizenship.Manyemployersareseekingentry-levelapplicantswhoknowhowtolearn,ratherthan,orinadditionto,specificoccupationalknowledge.Moreover,learninghowtolearn—indeed,thehungerforlifelonglearning—mightwellbemoreappropriatetoaneconomythatshiftsasrapidlyasweseetoday,nottomentiontheforeseeablefuture.WhenAstonUniversityeliminatesprogramsinhistoryandotherhumanitiesdisciplines,itisdenyingitsstudentsthebroadeducationalfoundationnecessarytoopenopportunitiesavailabletotheirpeersattheUniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge.Aston'sdefenseseemstobethatitwantstoprovidea"practical"education.History,likeotherhumanitiesdisciplines,mightnotpreparestudentsforparticularjobs.Butitpreparesthemforalifeofcareers.Studentswholearntothinkhistoricallywillbelifelonglearners.Inthe21st-centuryeconomy,thatisratherpracticalindeed.Everythinghasahistory.AsoneAstonstudentrecentlyexplained,"IfeelliketheskillsIamlearninginthisdegree,Icouldtakeanywhere.It'saboutputtingtogetherinformationandbackingupanargumentwithevidence.Theideathathistoryisn'tanemployabledegreeisjustbizarre."21、WhathavetheAdministratorsatAstonUniversityrecentlydecidedtodo?A、Toterminatesomehumanitiesdepartments.B、Toinvitemorehistorianstodeliverlectures.C、Torenewfacultymembers’contracts.D、Toredesignhistoryandlanguagescourses.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词AdministratorsatAstonUniversity和recentlyhavedecided可定位至第一段，该段指出Closeto6000individuals…terminatetheircontractswithinthenextfewyears(包括许多历史学家在内的近6000人签署了一份在线请愿书，抗议位于英国伯明翰阿斯顿大学的管理人员近期作出的一项决定，该决定将解散他们的历史系、语言系和翻译系，致使这些教职工变得“多余”，也就是说，在未来几年内终止他们的合同)，A项“停办部分人文院系”是对todissolvetheirdepartmentofhistory,languagesandtranslation的同义替换。故本题选A。B项“邀请更多历史学家来做讲座”与第一段的“许多历史学家参与了请愿”表述不符。C项“跟教职员工续签合同”与第一段的“终止这些教职员工的合同”表述相反，属于正反混淆。D项“重新设计历史和语言课程”与第一段的“将解散历史系、语言系和翻译系”表述不符。22、WhatistheopinionofmanagersofsomeAmericannoneliteuniversitiesabouthumanitiessubjects?A、Theyhardlyattractfirst-generationcollegestudents.B、Theyareineffectiveinhelpingstudentsfindjobs.C、Theyfailtopromotestudents’creativethinking.D、Theyareinneedofexcessivefederalfinancialsupport.标准答案：R知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词managers和Americannoneliteuniversities可定位至第二段第三句，该句指出Similarly,inAmerica，especiallyatnonelite…historyandotherhumanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs(同样，在美国，尤其是在非精英大学，管理委员会和行政人员错误地认为历史和其他人文学科无法帮助学生为就业做好准备)，B项“它们不能有效帮助学生就业”是对humanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs的同义替换。故本题选B。A项“它们很难吸引第一代大学生”与对第二段第二句的“英国某些所谓的现代大学特别迎合第一代大学生的需求”表述不符。C项“它们不能促进学生的创造性思维”属于无中生有。D项“它们需要额外的联邦财政支持”与第二段第四句的“州立法机构在考虑将经济资助与学生申报‘能够直接就业’的专业相挂钩”表述不符。23、Whatdowelearnaboutemployers’favoredapplicants?A、Theyshouldneverbehistorymajors.B、TheyareinterestedinlearningSTEM.C、Theyshouldbelifelonglearners.D、Theyarestraight-Astudents.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。根据题干关键词employers和favoredapplicants可定位至第三段第四句，该句指出。Manyemployersareseekingentry-levelapplicantswhoknowhowtolearn,ratherthan,orinadditionto,specificoccupationalknowledge(许多雇主正在寻找入门级的求职者，与其说他们需要掌握特定的专业知识，还不如说他们需要具备知道如何学习的能力)，接着第五句指出Moreover；learninghowto…theforeseeablefuture(此外，学习如何学习——