2020-2021学年高一英语译林版必修第三册Unit1Reading课时学案

U1Natureinthebalance一．知识点梳理

1.The

human

race

has

done

muchharm.人类已造成很大伤害。

harm（1）n.[U]伤害，损害

do

harm

to

sb/sth=do

sb/sth

harm伤害某人/某物

there

is

no

harm

in

doing

sth=it

does

no

harm

todosth不妨做某事

The

court

case

will

do

serious

harm

to

my

business.=The

court

case

willdo

my

business

serious

harm.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。

There

isnoharmin

givinggifts

to

children,but

they

shouldnot

berewards.=It

does

no

harm

to

give

gifts

to

children，

but

they

should

notbe

rewards.不妨给孩子送些礼物，

但是不应该把它们作为奖赏。

（2）vt.伤害，损害；危害

While

the

sun's

rays

can

age

and

harm

our

skin，

they

also

give

usbeneficial

Vitamin

D.阳光虽然会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，

但也能为我们提供有益的维生素。

Many

people

suspect

that

all

the

rock

salt

used

every

winter

is

harmingthe

environment.许多人觉得每年冬天使用的岩盐正在危害环境。联想词

①harmful

adj有害的；

可致伤害的

be

harmful

to...对……有害

Air

pollution

will

get

worse

and

this

will

be

harmful

to

people.空气污染会加剧，这会对人们造成伤害。

②harmless

adj.无害的；

不会导致损伤的单句语法填空

1.As

we

all

know，

eating

too

muchsugarcandoharm______children'steeth.

2.It'ssaidthattoomuchsunshineis_____(harm)toone’sskin.

3.You

can

hold

the

snake—it's_______.(harm)

2.The

forest'sdifferentlevelsprovidefoodandshelterforanunbelievable

variety

of

wildlife.雨林的不同层次为种类多到难以置信的野生动物提供了食物和栖身之处。

（1）shelter①n.[U]遮蔽；居所；庇护[C]遮蔽物；庇护处

We

made

a

dash

through

the

rain

to

the

bus

shelter.我们冒雨冲进公共汽车候车亭。

She

encouraged

a

sense

of

community

by

creating

shelters

and

promotingeducation

and

services

for

people

in

need.她通过为有需要的人建立收容所和促进教育及服务来鼓励社区意识。

常用搭配

under

the

shelter

of

sth在某物的庇护/遮蔽/掩蔽下

take

shelter

from...躲避……

They

enjoyed

their

picnic

under

the

shelter

of

the

tree.他们在树荫下享受野餐。

We

took

shelter

from

the

storm

in

a

barn.我们在谷仓里躲避暴风雨。

②vt.保护；掩蔽；收留vi躲避(风雨或危险)

A

neighbour

sheltered

the

boy

for

seven

days.一个邻居收留了那个男孩7天。

常用搭配

shelter

from...躲避…

shelter...from...保护….免受……

Trees

shelter

the

housefrom

the

wind.树为房子挡住了风。

联想词

sheltered

adj.备受呵护的；

免遭恶劣天气影响的单句语法填空1.Someparentsarejust

tooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids______everykind

of

danger.

2.She

usedanumbrella

to

takeshelter_______the

burningsun.

3.Wesatintheshade，________(shelter)from

the

sun.

4.Mymother，

whohada_______(shelter)

upbringing(抚育)

，

hasfantastic

memories

of

childhood.

5.Hemanagedto

buildalittle

hut

outofdriftwoodtoshelterhimself________badweather.

（2）varietyn.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体…

This

variety

of

tomato

isparticularly

good.这种番茄特别好。

Apples

come

in

a

great

many

varieties.苹果的品种繁多。

常用搭配

a(wide/great/large)variety

of各种各样的；

种类繁多的

Join

us

to

taste

a

variety

of

fresh

local

food

and

drinks.与我们一起品尝各种新鲜的本地食物和饮料

特别注意

（1）“a

variety

of+复数名词”作主语时，

谓语动词通常用复数形式；

（2）“the

variety

of+复数名词”意为“……的品种”，

作主语时，

谓语动词用单数形式。

A

variety

of

flowers

are

on

show

here.各种各样的花在这里展出。

The

variety

of

his

books

is

astonishing.他的书品种之多让人惊叹。

联想词

①various

adj各种各样的

No

matter

what

you

like

to

do，

there

is

away

to

get

involved

in

variousactivities

on

Earth

Day.不管你喜欢做什么，

都有办法参与到地球日的各种活动中去。

②vary

v.(彼此)

相异；

变化；

多变

vary

from...to...从……到……之间变化/不等；

……和……不同

The

meaning

of

silence

varies

among

cultural

groups.不同文化的群体对沉默的理解不同。

Ocean

colour

varies

from

green

to

blue，

depending

on

the

type

andconcentration

of

phytoplankton.海洋的颜色在绿色到蓝色之间变化，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。

Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.打字模式因人而异。单句语法填空1.The

studentsin

my

classcomefrom

a________（various）ofdifferentbackgrounds.

2.Itissoconvenienttoliveherebecauseyoucanchoose_________(vary)waysofgettingtodifferentattractions.

3.Thedoctorencouragedhimtoincrease

the________(vary)of

thefood

he

eats.

4.There

are_______(vary)kinds

ofthemeparks，

with

adifferent

park

foralmosteverything：food，culture，science，

cartoons，

movies

or

history.

5.CCMorganizesa________ofevents，includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuartet，CCM'sPhilharmonicOrchestra，

and_________groupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.(vary)

3.Above

that

is

the

mass

of

leaf

litter

on

the

dark

forest

floor.在那之上是深色的森林地面上的大量落叶。

mass

①n.[C]大量；团块，堆；一大群

Some

people

may

think

that

a

garden

is

no

more

than

plants，

flowers，patterns

and

masses

of

colour.一些人或许认为花园无非是植物、花朵、布局以及纷繁多样的色彩。There

were

masses

of

dark

clouds

in

the

sky.天空布满团团乌云。

易混辨析a

mass

of与the

mass

of的区别易混短语含义及例句a

mass

of=masses

of意为“许多”，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

I’ve

a

mass

of

work

to

do.我有一大堆的工作要做。the

mass

of=the

majority

of意为“大多数”。Thewarisstronglyopposedbythemassofthepopulation.这场战争受到大多数人的强烈反对。②n.the

masses群众

If

we

are

to

succeed，we

must

relyon

the

masses.我们如果想要成功，就必须依靠群众。

③adj.(仅用于名词前)

大批的；

广泛的；

大规模的；

民众的

Their

latest

product

is

aimed

at

the

mass

market.他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。

Scientists

have

tried

many

ways

to

solve

this

problem

and

in

China，

a

masscampaign

has

been

started

to

help

solve

it.科学家已尝试了多种方法来解决这个问题，中国就开展了一场大规模的运动来帮助解决这个问题。

联想词

massive

adj.厚重的；

巨大的

Gisan

exciting

mobile

technology，

which

willgive

a

massive

boost

tosmart

cities

and

vehicles.5G是一项令人兴奋的移动技术，

它将极大地推动智能城市和智能交通工具的发展。

单句语法填空

1.Thetrainsprovidedcheaptravelforthe________(mass).

2.Whereverthesingerswent,________(mass)of

fanswouldwelcomethemattheairport.

3.______massofpeopleareinfavourof

thisplan.

4.Whenthepresident'sflightlanded_______massofpeopleseemedtoappearoutof

thinair.

4.Although

close

to

extinction

in

other

areas，

jaguars

can

still

survivehere.虽然在其他地区美洲豹近乎灭绝，

但它们仍能在这里生存。

survive

①vi生存，存活；继续存在

For

a

time，

a

few

birds

survived

under

human

care.有一段时间，

一些鸟在人类的呵护下幸存了下来。

Ancient

farming

methods

still

survived

in

the

MiddleEast

at

that

time.

当时在中东，古老的耕作方式依然存在。

常用搭配

survive

on...依靠……生存下来

I

dont

know

how

you

all

manage

to

survive

on

Jeremy's

salary.我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪水是怎样生活的。②v.幸存，幸免于难；艰难渡过；比……活(或存在)的时间长

The

company

managed

to

survive

the

crisis.公司设法度过了危机。

She

survived

her

husband

by

ten

years.丈夫去世后，

她又活了10年。

联想词

①survivor

n.幸存者，

生还者

The

plane

crashed

in

an

area

of

dense

jungle.There

were

no

survivors.

飞机坠落在一个丛林茂密的地区，无人生还。②survival

n.[U]

幸存[C]

残余物；

幸存物

Trying

to

help

injured，

displaced

or

sick

creatures

can

be

heartbreaking：survival

is

never

certain.努力救助这些受伤的、无家可归的或者生病的生灵可能会让人心碎，因为不是每次它们都可以存活下来。

The

ceremony

is

a

survival

from

pre-Christian

times.这种仪式是从公元前遗留下来的。单句语法填空1.AsfarasIknow，hesurvived_______asmall

bottle

ofwaterinthe

desert.

2.In

the

traffic

accident，

the_______(survive)wereall

badly

injured.

3.Ifcancersare

spotted

early，

there'sahigh

chance

of________(survive).

4.Her

parents

died

in

the

accident，

butshe________(survive).

5.Noteveryonehas

realized

that

wildlife

hasthoughts，feelings，andmost

importantly，

equalrights________(survive)

.5.These

frogs，

in

turn，

feed

on

insects

which

eat

leaves

and

seeds.而这些青蛙则以吃树叶和种子的昆虫为食。

in

turn

相应地；转而；依次；轮流

There

were

cheers

for

each

of

the

women

as

they

spoke

in

turn.女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。

联想拓展

含有turn的其他常见用法

by

turns 轮流地

in

one's

turn 轮到某人

make

a

left/right

turn 向左拐/右拐

take

turns

todosth/(in)doing

sth 轮流做某事

It's

one's

turn

todosth 轮到某人做某事

the

turn

of

the

year/century 新年伊始/世纪之交；

辞旧迎新之际

One

good

turn

deserves

another.善有善报。

I

bought

the

last

ticket

in

my

turn.轮到我的时候，

我买了最后一张票。单句语法填空

1.MyhusbandandIusuallytake______(turn)tocook.

2.Thechangeof

theclimatemakestheearthwarmer.________turn,thewarmthoftheearthchangestheclimate，too.

3.We

lookedafterthe

little

boy____turns.

6.When

a

jaguar

dies，

a

tiny

army

of

microorganisms

helps

breakdown

its

body

and

return

the

nutrients

to

the

earth.当美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的身体，并将营养物质送回土壤。

breakdown使分解(为)

，

使变化(成)

；

消除；

打破；

出故障；

抛锚；失败；崩溃；垮掉

Old-fashioned

phones

matter

when

wireless

networks

breakdown

indisasters.当无线网络在灾难中瘫痪时，

老式的电话就很重要了。

联想拓展

break的用法

①n.破裂；间歇；休息；中断；暂停

take/have

a

break 休息一会儿

without

a

break 连续不断地

②v.(broke，

broken)

(使)

破，

裂，

碎；

损坏；

中断

break

a

record 打破记录

break

one's

promise 食言

breakaway

from 逃脱；

挣脱

break

in 强行进人；

打断谈话

break

into 强行闯人；

突然开始(笑、唱等)

break

off 折断；

停顿；

中断

breakout 爆发；

突然发生

breakthrough 突破；

冲破；

克服

breakup 解散；

(学校)

放假；

结束；

粉碎单句语法填空1.Don't

break_______when

heistelling

the

story.

2.As

is

knownto

us，

plastic

bagsaredifficult

to

break_______.

3.Modern

music

has

broken________from18th-century

rules.

4.Last

night

somebody

broke________Mr

White's

house

and

took

away

alotofthings.

5.Scientists

saythey

are

beginningtobreak_________in

the

fightagainstcancer.

6.The

two

friends

hadan

argument

thatbroke________theirfriendshipforever.

7.After

afire

broke_______in

thelab，

alot

of

equipment

was

damaged.

8.Wewerediscussing

ourplans，buthadtobreak__________whenthetelephone

rang.

7.Over

the

past

50

years，

17

percent

of

the

rainforest

has

disappeareddue

to

human

activities

such

as

agriculture

and

cattle

farming.在过去的50年里，由于农耕和放牧等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。

（1）disappear

vi.不复存在，

灭绝；

消亡；

消失；

失踪常用搭配

disappear

behind/under/into...消失在……

disappear

from

sight/view从视野中消失

She

watched

him

at

last

disappear

into

the

darkness

and

finally

shutthe

door

behind

her.她望着他最后消失在黑暗中时，

才终于关上了她身后的门。

David

watched

her

car

until

it

di

appeared

from

view.戴维一直望着她的车，直到它从视野中消失。

联想词

①disappearance

n.消失

Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrite

anarticle

aboutthedisappearance

of

the

Aral

Sea.

几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。

②appear

vi.出现

③appearance

n.出现；

外表；

容貌单句语法填空

1.Theoldmanshruggedhisshouldersanddisappeared_____thedarkness.

2.Shewasstillwavingasthetraindisappeared______view.

3.The

environmentalistssaidwildgoats’_________(appear)onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthe

betterenvironment.

（2）due

to由于；

因为

Concern

about

the

loss

of

jobs

due

to

automation

is

not

new.由于自动化而产生的对失业的担忧并不是什么新鲜事。

易混辨析due

to，

owing

to，

thanks

to与because

of的用法区别易混词组用法due

to可作状语、表语或后置定语，

一般不放在句首。The

sports

meetingwas

put

off

due

to

the

rain.运动会由于下雨而延期了。owing

to多作状语。Owning

to

his

careless

driving，

he

had

an

accident.由于他的粗心驾驶，他出了事故。thanks

to作状语，

多用于表达正面意义，

意为“多亏，

幸亏”。Thanks

to

yourhelp，

I

have

nished

the

work.多亏了你的帮助，

我完成了工作。because

of多作状语，

用来指出原因。He

is

absent

because

of

illness.他因病缺席。

联想拓展

due的用法

①adj.应付的，

到期的

Payment

is

due

on

1

October.付款期限为10月1日。②adj.预定的；

预期发生(到达)

的

be

due

todosth预计/预期做某事Her

baby

is

due

next

month.她的宝宝预计在下个月出生。

The

GDP

growth

rate

for

the

third

quarter

is

due

to

be

released

on

Oct.19.第三季度的GDP增长率将于10月19日公布。

③adj.欠下的；

应给的

Have

they

been

paid

the

money

that

is

due

to

them?他们应得的钱付给他们了吗?

No

matter

how

ordinary

a

job

is，

it

plays

apart

in

society

and

thereforedeserves

our

due

respect.不管一份工作多么平凡，

它都在社会中发挥着作用，因此值得我们应有的尊重。

④adj.适当的

After

due

consideration

it

was

decided

to

send

him

away

to

live

withfoster

parents.经过适当考虑之后，

(我)

决定将他送去与养父母生活。

8.As

the

impact

of

human

activities

continues

to

grow

and

the

list

ofspecies

in

danger

of

extinction

becomes

longer，

we

are

left

with

aquestion：canweaffordtodamagethe“lungsoftheplanet”?人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗?

damage①vt.损害；破坏

Several

buildings

were

damaged

in

the

earthquake.几栋建筑在地震中遭到了破坏。

②n.[U]损坏；损失；破坏；[pl.]损害赔偿金

The

higher

the

oil

price

is，

the

more

damage

it

will

cause

to

the

globaleconomy.油价越高，

它对全球经济造成的损害就越大。

He

was

ordered

to

pay

damages

totalling&30，

000.他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。

常用搭配

do/cause

damage

to...对……造成损害

If

mothers-to-be

choose

to

drink

alcohol，

it

can

cause

permanentdamage

to

a

baby

brain.如果准妈妈们在孕期喝酒的话，

就会对宝宝的大脑造成永久性的伤害。

They

decided

to

drive

the

cow

away

before

it

did

more

damage.他们决定在这头牛造成更多损失之前把它赶走。单句语法填空Theaccident

caused

some

damage______my

car，

but

there

is

nothingserious.

2.Smokingseriously_______(damage)your

health.

3.Severalcars_________(damage)inthe

crash

which

happened

lastnight.

4.His

doctor

told

me

that

his

nerves________(damage)andhewasunconscious(昏迷的).

5.Actually，Severedamage_______(do)toourlandisfairlyrecentinthe

historyof

our

evolution(进化)

.

二.句型梳理

1.The

Amazon

River,from

which

the

rainforest

gets

itsname，

is

about

6，

400

kilometres

in

length-around

100

kilometres

longer

than

the

Yangtze

River.

亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，该河长度约为6，400千米，约比长江长100千米。

主句"介词+which”引导的定语从句

“介词+which”可引导定语从句，

同时在从句中充当时间、原因、方式等状语。

I’ll

never

forget

the

days

on

which

we

lived

together.我永远忘不了我们一起生活的日子。

This

is

the

room

in

which

Leo

used

to

live.这就是利奥以前住的那个房间。

The

English

play

in

which

my

students

acted

at

the

New

Year's

party

wasa

great

success.那场在新年晚会上由我的学生表演的英语话剧获得了巨大的成功。

The

schools

themselves

admit

that

not

all

children

will