句子成分课件高三英语二轮复习

Thestrugglemakeseverythingallthemoreworthit.

奋斗让一切变得更有价值。

句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：

组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语。一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:Lilylikeshernewbike.(名词)Hegetsupearlyeveryday.(代词)TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.（不定式短语）—————————————————————二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如：We

work

hard.Theboycaught

abird.。He

is

myfather.Theyall

lookfine.谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：Iamreading.Youare

reading.He\Sheis

reading.直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：Hegaveme

someink.Ourteachertold

us

aninterestingstory.间接宾语直接宾语

三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：Tomboughtastory-bookIsaw

himyesterday.Hewantedtohaveacupoftea._______________________________________________四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：Mysisteris

anurse.（名词）Theywere

athome（介词短语）Shegotangry.（形容词）Hergrandfatherisovereightyyearsold.（数词）——————————————————————————————五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：Thisisagreencup.（）Arethesestudents

yourclassmates?（）Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.（）Ihavesomethingimportant

totellyou.（）Thepeoplehere

areveryfriendly.（）形容词代词介词短语不定式副词六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如：Youarequiteright.（）Mr.Wucomestotheschoolbybike.()ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.（）Hestoppedtohavealook.（）介词短语副词介词短语不定式短语七、宾语补足语­­­­­有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：We

call

her

XiaoLi.

宾语

宾语补足语Youmustkeeptheroom

cleanandtidy.Johnaskedme

tohelphimwithhisChinese.

Iwillhavemyhair

cuttomorrow.

Wesawtheboy

playingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.

句子成分巧记歌诀

主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。1．WeallstudyhardatEnglish.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语2．Bettylikes

hernewbikeverymuch.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语3．Mybrotherisapoliceman.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语4．Wereyouathomelastnight?A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语5．Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.A定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语6．Heoftenwalksinthepark.A.定语B.状语C.宾语D.表语7．Maryaskedmetohelpher

yesterday.A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语8．Heboughtme

anicepresentlastweek.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补9．Hisparentsaredoctors.A.宾语B.表语C.谓语D.定语10．I’llgetyousometeanow.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补12．He

hasread

thebooktwice.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语13．Theyseemedunhappywhentheyheardthenews.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语14．Doyouhavesomethingtoeat

?A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补15．Wemadehimourmonitor.A.宾语B.定语C.状语D.宾补11．Mymothertoldusaninterestingstory

lastnight.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补简单句的基本句型：

由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：1．S＋V;（主语＋不及物动词）I

canswim.

主语

谓语（不及物动词）Everything

changes.

Theplane

hasalreadyarrived.

2．S＋V＋O;（主语＋＋及物动词＋宾语）

I

like

English.

主语谓语宾语They

arereading

books.He

bought

acomputerlastweek.3．S＋V＋P;（主语＋连系动词＋表语）Mymother

is

ascientist.主语谓语表语She

looks

young.

Thefood

tastesverydelicious.

4．S＋V＋O＋O;（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）Mymother

bought

me

adictionaryyesterday.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Can

you

give

me

themathbook?Will

you

tell

us

somethingaboutyourschoollife?5．S＋V＋O＋Oc;（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋补语）We

mustkeep

ourclassroom

cleanandtidy.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语Mymother

asks

me

tospeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.。

I

heard

her

singinghappilyintheroomjustnow.简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1．Theyarelistening.2．Mymotherisfiftynow.3．Ihaveboughtthreebooks.4．Myfriendgavemeabirthdaypresent.5．Ipaintedthewallwhite.6．Thebossoftenmakestheworkersworktwelvehoursaday.7．Theyarrivedatsixo’clock.8．Themapisonthewall9．Childrenoftensingthissong.10．Mr.WuteachesusEnglish.11．Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.12．Ifindhimalovelyboy.请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。1.Ourcountryconsumesalargenumberofplasticbags.2.Thesuper-thinbagsarethemainsourceofwhitepollution.3.Weshouldencouragepeopletoreturntocarryingclothbags.4.Thenewrulecameout.5.Enviornmentalgroupswelcomethenewrule.6.Theycanstopusingplasticbags.7.Whatisparticularlypositiveisthatitinvolvespublicparticipation.8.Shopsdon’tofferfreeplasticbagstotheirconsumers.9.HongKongandAustraliaareconsideringmeasurestocurbplasticbaglitter.10.Chineseconsumershavegottenusedtofreeplasticshoppingbags.解读完型填空的16字方针：上下求索，前后呼应，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼

命题特点：

完型填空就像一个拼图，拼图呈现的不仅仅是一个画面，更多的时候是一个故事，是一段回忆，一缕温情。以弘扬正能量为其价值导向，体现了高考的教育性和思想性。1.利用首尾句进行预测2.根据词汇复现解题3.根据词汇辨析解题4.根据逻辑结构解题

5.根据生活常识及文化背景知识解题6.根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配解题

7.利用语法分析解题

8.利用排除法解题完形填空解题策略解题技巧记心中：1.初读解大意，再读补缺，复读检查攻坚2.情感主线记心中，瞻前顾后，上下求索3.注意中西方文化和表达的异同答题情况：最高分:吴乐怡25.5李京京25.5朱津汶2421分以上：10人错题集中在:2223252830313234373839401.利用首尾句进行预测Iwasblessedfor

allthespecialmomentsIhadwithmymother.Whenshewas82,shethoughtshewas____21____mebyaskingmetotakehertothemanydoctorvisitsshehad,butitwasa____22____formetospendtimewithher.21.A.confusingB.embarrassingC.challengingD.bothering22.A.trialB.privilegeC.rightD.shame2.根据词汇复现解题I____26____thespecialbuffetlunch,anditcamewithfiftytokens(游

戏币)forthearcadegames.Afterweate,itwastimeto_____31_____

thosegoldentokens.31.A.countB.useC.storeD.return_____38_____,shechoseatoywhistle(哨子)withapictureofthemouseonit.Theclerkgaveheranextraone,forme,sowe_____39_____themtogetherhappily.4.根据逻辑结构解题39.A.blewB.decoratedC.fixedD.knocked38.A.Instantly

B.ActuallyC.Finally D.Honestly3.根据词汇辨析解题Ikeepthatwhistleonmydesk,asa_____40_____ofawonderfulexperiencewithmymomaswesatisfiedherwillingnesstomakethemostofeveryday.40.A.meansB.souvenir

C.reasonD.consequence5.根据生活常识及文化背景知识解题

Thenwewenttotradeinour_____36_____atthecounter.Westoodthereforalongwhileasmymothertriedto_____37_____

whattogetwithhertickets.36.A.awardsB.belongingsC.honors

D.tickets37.A.decideB.acceptC.record D.remember6.根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配解题

Momwas_____32_____ofplayingSkee-Ballandcollectingtickets.Shemovedfromgametogamelikeachild.32.A.afraidB.proudC.ashamedD.fond5.根据生活常识及文化背景知识解题

Thenwewenttotradeinour_____36_____atthecounter.Westoodthereforalongwhileasmymothertriedto_____37_____

whattogetwithhertickets.36.A.awardsB.belongingsC.honors

D.tickets37.A.decideB.acceptC.record D.remember6.根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配解题

Momwas_____32_____ofplayingSkee-Ballandcollectingtickets.Shemovedfromgametogamelikeachild.32.A.afraidB.proudC.ashamedD.fondIwasblessedfor

allthespecialmomentsIhadwithmymother.Whenshewas82,shethoughtshewas____21____mebyaskingmetotakehertothemanydoctorvisitsshehad,butitwasa____22____formetospendtimewithher.Itriedtomakean____23____ofourdaystogether.Oneday,whileweweredrivinganddecidingwheretoeatlunch,Isawalargearcade(电子游戏厅).ThenI____24____.Thearcadewasmostly____25____

exceptforachildren’sbirthdaygatheringinthebackcorner.I____26____thespecialbuffetlunch,anditcamewithfiftytokens(游戏币)forthearcadegames.____27____theshinygoldentokens,Mom’seyesopenedwide.Therewasloudmusicplayingandsomeoneinamousecostume____28____thelittlechildrentodance.Mymotherwas____29____bythedancingmouse,andweswungalonginourseats.Welaughedasthekidstriedtofollowthemouse’s_____30_____.DBCDDCCAAfterweate,itwastimeto_____31_____

thosegoldentokens.Momwas_____32_____ofplayingSkee-Ballandcollectingtickets.Shemovedfromgametogamelikeachild.

She

had_____33_____

whenwatchingonemachinespewout(吐出)seventicketsagainandagain!Shelaughedaboutthesuper_____34_____stringofticketsandplacedthemaroundhernecklikeanecklace.Ihandedhertokenaftertokenforthenextgametobeplayeduntilourtokenswereall_____35_____.Thenwewenttotradeinour_____36_____atthecounter.Westoodthereforalongwhileasmymothertriedto_____37_____

whattogetwithhertickets._____38_____,shechoseatoywhistle(哨子)withapictureofthemouseonit.Theclerkgaveheranextraone,forme,sowe_____39_____themtogetherhappily.BDCACA21.A.confusingB.embarrassingC.challengingD.bothering22.A.trial

B.privilege

C.rightD.shame23.A.alarmB.excuseC.adventure D.experience24.A.pulledup

B.cutinC.fellbehindD.brokedown25.A.messy

B.modernC.secure D.empty26.A.finishedB.soldC.ordered

D.promoted27.A.WinningB.SeeingC.Buying D.Imagining28.A.requiringB.convincing

C.remindingD.encouraging29.A.delightedB.relieved

C.annoyed D.frightened30.A.interestsB.thoughtsC.moves D.expressions31.A.countB.useC.storeD.return32.A.afraidB.proudC.ashamedD.fond33.A.funB.time C.patienceD.courage34.A.thickB.valuableC.longD.flexible35.A.absent

B.goneC.accessible

D.reservedIkeepthatwhistleonmydesk,asa_____40_____ofawonderfulexperiencewithmymomaswesatisfiedherwillingnesstomakethemostofeveryday.B36.A.awardsB.belongings

C.honors

D.tickets37.A.decideB.acceptC.record D.remember38.A.Instantly

B.ActuallyC.Finally D.Honestly39.A.blewB.decoratedC.fixedD.knocked40.A.meansB.souvenir

C.reasonD.consequenceDBCADCBDACBDACBDACAB高考经典回顾1.Bedtimestoriesareoneofthedelightsofearlychildhood.AccordingtoDr.JulieSpreadburyfromQueenslandUniversity,Parentsshouldnot__1___readingtotheirchildrenaftertheyenterprimaryschool.

A.speedup

B.keepup

C.giveup

D.holdup2.(2020天津）DetectiveAshleyJonesworksatapolicedepartmentinEngland.Hehasrecentlymadeasignificant

1

—lonelinessisaserioussocialproblemthatcancontributetodepressionandevencrimes,butitcanbe

2

inacleverway.The

3

?Chatbenches.

1.A.choice B.discoveryC.visit D.promise2.A.experienc