高中英语北师大版选择性必修三UNIT 9 Period 8　Writing-A Summary

Period8Writing—ASummary(2)Activity1Readforsomedetails.ReadthepassageonP62andchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefeatureoftheepidemic?A．Infection. B．Variation.C．Rapidspread. D．Toomanydeaths.答案B2．Whichepidemichasoccurredtwiceinhistory?A．TheSARS. B．TheBirdFlu.C．TheBlackDeath. D．TheSpanishFlu.答案C3．Whatshouldtheworlddotodealwiththepandemics?A．Reducecontactandavoidinfection.B．Strengthencooperationandworktogether.C．Getvaccinationstoboostyourimmunity.D．Protecttheenvironmentandsolvetherootcauses.答案BActivity2Readforthestructures.ReadthepassageonP58－59andfillintheblanks.PartsCorrespondingparagraphsKeyinformation11－2Definition23－6Someepidemicswereconnected37－8Epidemicsinthe21stcentury49CooperationneededtofightagainstepidemicsActivity3Readforsomegoodsentences.1．说明文的概要写作开头要写明被说明事物的概念。请在P62的文本中找出这样的句子。Anepidemicistherapidspreadofaninfectiousdiseaseoverashortperiodoftime，causingalargenumberofdeaths，thenumberofwhichdiffersfordifferentdiseases.2．概要中的事例往往更言简意赅。请在P62的文本中找出这样的句子。The1997birdfluwhichclaimedover100liveswasanadaptationoftheGreatFluof1918.AccordingtoofficialrecordsEVDhaskilledmorethan11,310peopleinWestAfricaalone.3．说明文概要中陈述一个问题，往往在最后说明解决方法。请在P62的文本中找出这样的句子。Globally，researchersarecomingtogethertotrytoidentifythecausesforandhelptofindeffectivetreatmentsforepidemics.概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原文进行阅读后，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用词句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄袭原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。一、注意事项1．词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超出10个单词。2．要根据文章的题材特点进行写作。3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致。但必要时也可以转为第三人称。4．写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照抄照搬原文。5．一定不要加入自己的观点并对原文加以评论；一定不要引入与原文内容无关的信息。二、写作步骤1．确定体裁，明确主题及结构。体裁结构记叙文记叙文：人物、时间、地点、事件(起因——发展——结果)夹叙夹议文：六要素＋寓意/启示说明文事物的性质功能类：对象＋性质功能＋利害问题的解决方法或措施；问题＋解决方法现象类：现象＋原因＋结果议论文论点＋论据＋结论2．确定主题句，找关键信息。画出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。3．改写关键信息，得出要点。使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同样的意思。如改变语态、肯定变否定等。4．添加连接词，使行文连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。常用的关联词有：however，besides，inaddition，therefore，instead等等。常用表达1．Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...2．Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...3．Thisarticlefocusesonthetopicsof...4．Inthispassage(about...)，theauthor...5．Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...6．First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart，theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)．..7．Secondly/Next/Furtheron/Then/Inthenextpart/Inthemainpart，theauthorgoesonwith...8．Finally/Asaconclusion，theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Gettingridofdirt，intheopinionofmostpeople，isagoodthing.However，thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryⅣ，KingofFrance，wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath，thekingorderedthat，toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived，dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet，itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite，clothseversofter，surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt，however，gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt，whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary，MaryRuebush，anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家)，encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.第一步审题谋篇把握原文文体特征，理清文章结构。本文为说明文，说明某现象及其原因、影响和解决方案，即“现象＋原因＋影响＋解决方案”，人称为第三人称，时态为一般过去时和一般现在时。第二步利用原文信号词，寻找段落中心句，提取要点要点1.Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.要点2.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.要点3.Dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.要点4.Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt.MaryRuebushencourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.第三步改写要点要点1.Attitudestodirthavechangedovertime.要点2.Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtcanblockoutdisease.要点3.Sincethe18thcentury，cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.要点4.Somepeoplewarnchildrentokeepoffdirt，whilemoreandmorepeopleencouragechildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.第四步整合要点，连句成文，注意衔接范文赏读Attitudestowardsdirthavebeenchangingovertime.(要点1)Inthe16thcentury，peoplebelievedthatdirtontheskinhelpedprotectagainstdisease.(要点2)Sincethe18thcentury，however，peoplehavedevelopedthebeliefthatcleaningawaydirtcanpreventdisease.(要点3)Today，althoughattitudestodirtstilldiffersharply，moreandmorepeoplechoosetobelievethatplayinginthedirtcanhelpbuildupastrongimmunesystem.(要点4)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Thehamburgerhasbecomeaworldwideculturalicon(符号)．Eatingmeat，especiallybeef，isakeypartofmanydiversecultures.Studiesshow，however，thattheconsumptionoflargequantitiesofmeatisamajorcontributingfactortowardsagreatmanydeaths，includingtheunnecessarilyhighnumberofdeathsfromheart-relatedproblems.Althoughithasbecomepopularonslowly，vegetarianismisawayoflifethatshowsseveraladvantages.Surprisingasitmaysound，vegetarianismcanhavebeneficialeffectsontheenvironment.Becausedemandformeatanimalsissohigh，cattlearebeingraisedinareaswhererainforestsoncestood.Asrainforestlandisclearedtomakeroomforcattlefarms，theenvironmentbalanceisupset;thisimbalancecouldhaveseriousconsequencesforhumans.ThearticleDeforestation:TheHiddenCauseofGlobalWarmingbyDanielHowdenexplainsthatmuchofthecurrentglobalwarmingisduetothedecreaseofrainforests.Moreimportantatanindividuallevelisthequestionofhoweatingmeataffectsaperson’shealth.Meat，unlikevegetables，cancontainverylargeamountsoffat.Eatingthisfathasbeenconnectedtocertainkindsofcancer.Ifpeoplecutdownontheamountsofmeattheyeat，theywouldbemorelikelytolowertheirrisksofcancers.Furthermore，eatinganimalfatscanleadtoobesity，andobesitycancausenumeroushealthproblems.Forexample，obesitycancausepeopletoslowdownandtheirhearttohavetoworkharder.Thisresultsinhighbloodpressure.Withsomuchmeatconsumptionworldwide，itisnowonderthatheartdiseaseisaleadingkiller.Ifpeoplefollowedvegetariandiets，theywouldnotonlybehealthierbutalsolivelonger.Eatingcertainkindsofvegetabl