北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题2

北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第一学期期末试卷高二英语本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分,共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablybuyintheend?A.Juice.B.Water.C.Coke.2WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Enjoyaconcert.B.Seeafilm.C.Workonaproject.3.HowdidSamgotoschooltoday?A.Bybike.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.4.Wholikesedy?A.Theman.B.Theman’smother.C.Theman’sfather.第二节：（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。5.Whydidthewomangotothelibrary?A.Tomeettheman.B.Tocheckthetextbook.C.Topreparefortheexam.6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates.B.Workmates.C.Neighbors.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。7.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?A.Excited.B.Disappointed.C.Surprised.8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaceremony.B.Doinganinterview.C.Askingforadvice.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。9.Whatcanyoulearnaboutthetour?A.Itwilllastfourdays.B.Nomealswillbeprovided.C.Studentswillmeetsomeartists.10.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthistalk?A.Topersuadestudentstojoinatour.B.Toinvitestudentstobetourguides.C.Toinformstudentsofatourarrangement.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoHaveaSenseofHumor11yourself■Havealightheartedattitudeaboutyourself■Learnto12atyourself.Giveothersa13■Beforgivingandfocusonpositives■Trynottotakeotherstoo14Watchandlearn■Observeotherpeople■Watch15withvariedhumorⅡ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasaSundayafternooninMay.PaulBlachutwasbusyworkingatarestaurantinscenicAugsburg,Germany.Manytouristscameforfoodattheprettyplacebesidetheriver,wherethemeltwaterwascoldatthistimeofyear.Amotherandherdaughterwere___1___thecoolingwaterbytheriverbank.Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappilywhen___2___thegirllostherfootingandwascaughtintheriver’scurrent.Ithappenedsofastthatthegirldesperatelygrabbed(抓)ontothetube,whichhermotherwassittingin,throwingherintotheriver,too.Blachutheardthesuddenshout,“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”Thenhehurriedtothe___3___,wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycould.Hewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.Blachut’smind___4___,“HowcanIhelpthem?”___5___havingnolifesavingtraining,herusheddowntotheriverbank.Quicklyhe___6___hisTshirtandjumpedintotheriver.Hedidn’tcareaboutthecold;allhecouldthinkaboutwassavingthewomen.Itwasobvioustheywere___7___.AsBlachutgotclosertothem,hecould___8___thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble.Shewasdrowning.He___9___afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback.Blachuttriedthis,butthewoman’sclothingmadeherso____10____;hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too.Heneededanew____11____.Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman,____12____herupwardandusingthatmomentum(水势)totakehertowardtheshore.Atthattime,anonlookerwasableto____13____thewoman’shand,pullingherashore.ThenBlachutjumpedintotheriveragain.Heswamdownstream,gotholdofthedaughter,andwasabletogetheroutinthesameway,too.Severalonlookersexpressedtheir____14____forBlachutfollowingtheincident.However,Blachutwas____15____abouthisrole,“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise.”1.A.enjoying B.buying C.drinking D.pouring2.A.slowly B.naturally C.fortunately D.suddenly3.A.pool B.restaurant C.shore D.tube4.A.stopped B.raced C.wandered D.worked5.A.Without B.Despite C.Besides D.For6.A.putaway B.triedon C.tookoff D.hungup7.A.helpless B.dangerous C.calm D.busy8.A.share B.express C.respond D.tell9.A.mentioned B.recalled C.rent D.shot10.A.pretty B.soft C.heavy D.strong11A.schedule B.task C.message D.plan12.A.pushing B.flying C.rolling D.pulling13.A.wave B.clap C.grasp D.shake14.A.surprise B.admiration C.happiness D.hope15.A.curious B.careful C.passionate D.modestⅢ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ARegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchpetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.Startedin1942,RegeneronSTSrecognizesandempowersmostpromisingyoungscientists.Eachyear,nearly2,000studentsenterRegeneronSTS.Thepetitionawards300studentscholarsandtheirschoolsannuallyandinvites40studentfinaliststoWashington,D.C.toparticipateinfinaljudging.RegeneronSTSprovidesanimportantplatformfortheiroriginalresearchwhichisexaminedandreviewedbyprofessionalscientists.Whataretherequirements?●Applicantsmustbeover13yearsofageandhavelegalparentalpermissiontosubmit(提交)theapplicationandparticipate,orbe18yearsofageorolder;●ApplicantsmustpleteindividualresearchprojectstoenterRegeneronSTS.ResearchconductedaspartofaprecollegiatestudentteamprojectisnotqualifiedforRegeneronSTS;●Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem,andmustnothaveenteredanypreviousRegeneronSTS.Whatarethecoreponentsofanapplication?●Essays,shortanswerresponses,activitiesandbasicinformation;●ScientificResearchReport(maximum20pageresearchpaperaboutoneoftheapplicant’soriginalresearchprojects);●Remendationssubmittedbyadults;●TestScores(optional).Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?●PARTICIPATIONAWARDS:AllpetitorswillreceiveaTshirt,laptopstickers,andafreeoneyearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsmagazine.●SCHOLARAWARDS:Eachofthe300scholarswillreceivea$2,000award.●SCHOOLAWARDS:Theschoolsofeachscholarwillreceive$2,000perscholar.Theawardisintendedtocontributetoexcellenceinscience,mathand/orengineeringeducationattheschool.●FINALISTAWARDS:Judgesselect40finalistsfromamongthescholars.InadditiontoanallexpensepaidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.16.FromParagraph1,weknowthatRegeneronSTS________.A.wasstartedbeforethe1940sB.recognizes40scholarseveryyearC.isaplatformforprofessionalscientistsD.isanationwidescienceresearchpetition17.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto________.A.beover18yearsoldB.submitapplicationsonlineC.haveenteredRegeneronSTSbeforeD.havepletedtheresearchforateamproject18.Whowillwinaminimumawardof$25,000?A.Eachfinalist. B.Eachparticipant.C.Eachscholar. D.Eachofthescholars’school.BWhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.Isawitasaboringandrepetitivetask.ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.SoIdecidedtoapplyforfieldbasedsummerpositionsaftergraduation.AfterlandingajobassessingthesagegrousehabitatinUtah,IfoundmyselfinthepanyofSherel,a75yearoldbotanistandtheleaderofourfieldcrew.Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.Igentlytouchedtheplantwithyellowflowersbymyfeet,“Thisonehere?Howcanyoutellit’saMahonia?”Hepausedbrieflytoadmiretheplantandthenbeganhisenergeticdescriptionoftheplant’stypicalfeatures.Thatevening,whilewewerewatchingthesunsettogether,Itextedmychildhoodfriend.“DayIwasactuallykindoffun,”Istarted,“butwe’llseehowlongittakesbeforeIgetboredfromjustidentifyingplantsinthefieldallday.”Butastheweeksoffieldworkrolledby,theboredomIhadexpectedneverarrived.Icamehomefromthefieldeachnightwithsorelegsandasunburnedneck,excitedbytheday’sfinds.BypickingSherel’sbrainaboutdifferentspeciesofanimalsandplants,Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.Whenthesummerwasover,Ifoundmyselfinanotherfieldjob,thistimesurveyingforestinMichigan’sUpperPeninsula.I’mnowathirdyearPh.D.studentinecology.Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.19.WhydidtheauthorjointhefieldworkinUtah?A.Tofindoutoveralltrendsindata. B.Toassessthesagegrousehabitat.C.Toimprovehisapplicationletter. D.Torealizehismother’sdream.20.OnthefirstdayofthefieldworkinUtah,theauthor______.AarguedwithSherel B.plainedtohisfriendC.becamealeaderofhisgroup D.discoveredaMahoniarepens21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffieldworknow?A.Easybutinteresting. B.Boringbutfruitful.C.Tiringbutmeaningful. D.Repetitivebutdemanding.22.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldexplorefunindailytasks. B.Weshouldbeopentonewexperiences.C.Weshouldrespectthepeoplearoundus. D.Weshouldbedeterminedaboutourgoals.CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachinelearningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheartratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheartratedatainit,”saysMartNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachinelearningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboardtypingactivity,mousemovementsandheartratedata.Theyalsostudiedthedataofabinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesinglemodality(形态)models,theheartratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreallifescenarios(情况),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilepletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughaputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastressdetectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaselfhelptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andpanieswouldneedtomittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewellbeingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.23.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heartratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.B.Mouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.24.WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astressdetectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Toparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastressdetectionsystem.DFrozenintime,a125millionyearoldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39millionyearoldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物学)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假设)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科学界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelongtermecologicalimpactofthecurrenthumanproducedbiodiversitycrisis,thesocalledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechangebiodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.27.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento_______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeaparison28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Aprehensiveview.29.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.30.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。devoteappointendangereffectiveinjurefaithplain31.Shemadea(n)_________forhersontoseethedoctor.32.Inthecarcrash,thetwopassengersescapedsevere_________.33.Ineedtokeepmytranslation_________totheoriginaltext.34.Wemustprotectthe_________animalsbeforetheybeeextinct.35.Theabilitytomunicate_________withpeopleisrequiredforeveryapplicant.36.QianXuesen’s_________tohiscareerhasinspiredmanyyoungpeopletocontributetoourcountry.37.Wereceivedanumberof_________fromcustomersaboutthelackofparkingfacilities.Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。38.Myhobbyis_________(collect)stampsfromdifferentcountries.(所给词的适当形式填空)39.I_________(write)thebookallyearandamhopingtofinishitsoon.(所给词的适当形式填空)40.—CanIuseyourputerthisafternoon?—Sorry,I_________(take)anonlineclassatthattime.(所给词的适当形式填空)41.Anaccidentoccurredthismorning._________(lucky),nodamagewasdone.(所给词的适当形式填空)42.Bythetimehewastwelveyearsold,he_________(finish)seniorhighschool.(所给词的适当形式填空)43._________(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteacheraskedustoreviewournotes.(所给词的适当形式填空)44.Themanager,_________secretaryaskedforasickleave,hadtodoallthetypinghimself.(用适当的词填空)45.Mycameradidn’twork,soItookittotherepairshoptogetit_________(check).(所给词的适当形式填空)46.Climbing,_________enteredtheOlympicsthreeyearsagoinTokyo,willalsobeoneoftheeventsinthe2024ParisOlympics.(用适当的词填空)47.Theycarriedthepicturesupstairstotheartroom,_________thebrushesandpaintwerestored.(用适当的词填空)Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小题；第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分）根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。48.以前他们经常一起去爬山。(usedto)(汉译英)49.我们要赠送100本书给那所乡村学校。（giveaway）(汉译英)50.他的写作风格对年轻作者产生巨大影响。(haveaninfluenceon)(汉译英)51.专家们预测，很多种语言可能会于下个世纪消失。(dieout)(汉译英)52.我们必须做好准备以适应不断变化的世界。(adaptto)(汉译英)Ⅳ.阅读表达（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。AllePierceknowshowtoplanaholiday.Afewmonthsaheadoftime,sheconstructsaspreadsheetofwhatshewantstodoandsee.Sheexaminesthemenusofrestaurantssheisplanningtovisit.Sheusesapictureofthedestinationasherphone’slockedscreenimageanddownloadsacountdownapp.“What’ssoexcitingaboutatripistheanticipationbeforeit,”saysPierce,founderofaluxurytravelpany.Expertsstaysheisright.Recentstudiessuggestthathopingforsomethingboostsyourmoodandlowersyourstress.“Imagininggoodthingsaheadofuscanincreasemotivation,optimismandpatience,”saysSimonRego,apsychologistfromNewYork.Ofcoursewecan’tjustbookaflighteverytimeweneedalittlecheeringuporfeellow.Buttherearewaystoincorporatethepowerofanticipationintoyoureverydaylife.Getexcitedaboutlittlethings.Writedownonethingyou’reexcitedfortomorrow.Maybeit’sanewbook,orapackageyou’reexpecting.Thecollectionoftheseminithrillsmeansyouwillstillgainthebenefitsoflookingforwardtosomething.Plus,withthenearerstuff,there’smoreofasensethatit’sgoingtohappenforsure.Rememberthatanxietyandanticipationcancoexist.“Thedarksideofpositiveanticipationisanticipatoryanxiety.Anxietyandexcitementaresisteremotions”saysChristianWaugh,apsycholo