必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance强基固本新高考英语一轮复习强基固本能力提升(译林版2020)(学生版)

必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance强基固本一、全部单词序号原词词性、词意词性/形转换1n.&vt.伤害损害________adj.有害的________adj.无害的2n.土壤；国土，领土，土地3*ecosystem4adj.海外的，国外的adv.在海外，向国外5n.地区，区域；行政区________adj.地区的，区域的6n.大陆，陆地，洲7n.一百万；许多，大量________n.百万富翁8n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长________v.使延长，加长，延长，变长________adj.(长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的，长久的9biodiversity10n.种，物种11nut巴西坚果12*lily睡莲13n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体________v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多样化________________adj.不同的，各种各样的________adj.可变的，变化无常的14n.野生动植物，野生生物15prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上16n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的________adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的________n.群众，平民百姓17adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的________n.塔18hardwood19adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n.生计，谋生；生活方式________v.居住，生存adj.活的，实况转播的，现场表演的________adj.活泼的，生动的，真实的，生气勃勃的________adj.活着的(作后置定语)20*mammal21*jaguar22vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难________n.生/幸存，残存物adj.赖以生存的________n.生存者，幸存者23frog24n.昆虫25microorganism________n.有机物26n.营养素，营养物________n.营养________adj.有营养的________adj.营养(相关)的27n.碳28n.氧，氧气29adv.因此，从而；这样30vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪________n.消失，不见________vi.出现，显得，似乎________n.出现；外貌，外观，外表31n.农业，农学________adj.农业的，农艺的(adv.________)32n.牛33n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&vt.有影响；冲击34n.灭绝，绝种________adj.灭绝的，绝种的35vt.&n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏________adj.被损坏的，受损伤的；情感受到伤害的，有心理创伤的36n.气候；倾向，风气37adj.全球的；全面的________adv.全球地，全局地________n.地球，地球仪，球体________vt.使全球化________n.全球化38n.温室，暖房39n.气体；煤气；汽油40n.旱灾，久旱41n.应用，运用；申请________v.应用，运用，申请________n.申请人，申请者42n.小册子43n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理________v.组织，使有条理________adj.有组织的，安排有秩序的，有条理的________n.组织者44adv.绝对地，完全地；极其________adj.绝对的，完全的45n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带46n.奖章，勋章47n.形象；图像；意象________vi.&vt.想象，猜想________adj.可想象的，想象得到的________n.想象，想象力________adj.虚构的，假想的________adj.富于想象的，有想象力的48shark49whale50deer(pl.deer)51vt.&vi.跟踪，追踪n.足迹，踪迹，小道，轨道，跑道，路线52n.生活环境栖息地________n.居民，居住者53不54dolphin55n.居民，住户n.首领，最高领导人adj.主要的；首席的n.会58adv.完全地，全部地，完整地________adj.完全的59n.雾霾，烟雾________adj.烟雾弥漫的60vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对________n.抗议者61n.利润，收益；好处vi.&vt.获益，得到好处________adj.有利可图的，有益的________n.盈利________adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的62(AmEdefense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守________v.辩解，辩白，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫________n.被告(人)________adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的63n.过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工，处理64adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的________adj.经济的，节约的，合算的(________adv.)________n.经济________n.经济学家________n.经济学65n.政策，方针；原则66n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支67n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署68vt.回收利用，再利用 ________adj.可回收利用的，可再循环的________adj.不可回收利用的，不可再循环的________n.回收利用________adj.回收利用的69n.地铁；地下人行道70adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的71n.官员，要员adj.公务的；正式的，官方的________adv.正式地，官方地________n.办公室，官职________n.官员，高级职员，警官，军官72n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏________adj.穷的(________adv.)73vt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药________adj.有毒的，恶毒的，讨厌的74n.化学制品adj.化学的；化学作用的________n.化学，化学成分________n.化学家，药剂师75n.结果，后果；重要性________adj.作为结果的，随之发生的________adv.因此，结果，必然地76adj.更多的，更进一步的adv.较远，更远；进一步vt.促进，增进________adj.&adv.远的________adj.&adv.更远的/地________________adj.&adv.最远的/地二、重要短语序号英语短语汉语意义1充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)拓展befilledwith/befullof充满2关心/关注……，对……担忧3)(机器等)出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌，崩溃；消除；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂拓展breakupbreakawayfrombreakintobreakout4给……带来起色，注入活力5逐渐增加，扩大6需要拓展callupcallincalloffcallatcallon/upon7进入某人的脑海bring…tomindchangeone’smindetomindconcentrateone’smindon/upon…loseone’smindmakeupone’smindkeep/bear...inmind8想出，想到，提出/被想出，想到，提出eupwith主语(人)是想出者，后面的宾语才是被想出的内容；eup意为“被想出”，主语(物)是被提及的内容，无被动语态。拓展keepupwithcatchupwithputupwithendupwithmakeupwithbreakupwith9(被动式：)把……分成……(……被分成)10摆脱，丢弃，扔掉拓展beridofsth./sb.ridsb./sth.ofsb./sth.(formal)ridoneselfofsb/sth.11使发生或存)；引起12指出13报名(参加)14突然记起或想)15大量的，大片的16同一个(人或物)17由于，因为拓展beduetodosth.beduetosb..bedueforsth.18手拉手，齐头并进19处于……的危险中20相应地，转而；反过来，轮流，依次拓展byturnstaketurnstodo...Itisone’sturntodosth.注意：教材workbook中出现的两个短语：avarietyof和indefenceof参看“讲”一本中有关核心词汇。三、经典句型1.亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。(“倍数关系”表达句型)2.亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)3.我希望我们也能帮点忙。(wish+虚拟语气的宾语从句)4.随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语)5.我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。(Itis/was+名词(词组)+(forsb.)+todosth.)说明：涉及词性/形变化的，请查看以上“‘背’一本中的全部单词”板块。一、核心词汇1.harm【词不离句】Thehumanracehaddonemuchharm.(P1)【拓展延伸】do/causeharmto...=do...harm=beharmfulto...给……造成伤害harm/beharmfultoone’simage/reputation损害某人的形象/名声/名誉meannoharm无恶意Thereisnoharmindoingsth.=Itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有坏处beharmfulto对……有害2.length【词不离句】TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,iscloseto6,400kilometresinlength—roughly100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver.(P2)【拓展延伸】gotogreatlengthstodosth.不遗余力做某事=sparenoefforttodosth.inlength在长度上atlength最后，终于；详细地atarm’slength保持一定距离，疏远，在手臂伸得到的地方3.variety【词不离句】Theforest’sdifferentlevelssupportanunbelievablevarietyofwildlife.(P3)【拓展延伸】varyfrom...to...从/在……到……之间变化，因……不同而不同/而异，从……到……不等varyin在……方面变化/不同varywith随……而变化avarietyof＝varietiesof种种，各种各样的thevarietyof……的种类注意：avarietyof＋名词，作主语时，动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；thevarietyof＋名词，意为“……的品种”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。thevarietiesof＋名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。4.mass【词不离句】Abovethatisthemassofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.(P3)【拓展延伸】amass/massesof大量themassof大多数注意：在“themassof＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。在“amass/massesof＋名词”作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。amass/massesof既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。5.survive【词不离句】Whileasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest’sfoodchain.(P3)【拓展延伸】survivefrom...从……中幸存/存活下来，流传下来surviveon/by靠……维持生活/生存/存活下来AsurviveB(by＋多长时间)A比B多活多长时间注意：survive的意思是“vi.生存，存活，vt.幸存，幸免于难”，另外还有“比……活(或存在)的时间长”的意思。而survivefrom的意思是“从……幸存/存活下来”或“流传下来”。例如，“许多鸟没有熬过严冬”可以说：Manybirdsdidn’tsurvivetheseverewinter.，而不能说：Manybirdsdidn’tsurvivefromtheseverewinter.6.damage【词不离句】Astheimpactofhumanactivitiescontinuestogrowandthelistofspeciesindangerofextinctionbeeslonger,weareleftwithaquestion...(P3)【拓展延伸】do/cause/resultindamageto...对……造成损害/损失/导致对……的损害/损失damagesb.’scareer/reputation/health损害某人的事业/名誉/健康sufferdamage(from...)受到/遭受(……的)损害参看：必修二Unit4核心词汇10.destroy中的注意：在英语写作中要恰到好处的运用“destroy,damage&ruin”。7.application【词不离句】Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,...(P6)【拓展延伸】apply…to将……运用到/应用于……applyfor申请得到applytodosth申请做某事applyto(tosb)...forsth.向(某人)申请(得到)某物applyoneselfto/applyone’smindto专心于/致力于/集中精力于，专心从事applicationform申请表8.protest【词不离句】MrSmithprotestedagainstheavyindustry.(P11)【拓展延伸】protestabout/against/at=makeaprotestagainst对……提出抗议inprotestat为了/以示抗议……withoutprotest心甘情愿地，一声不吭地underprotest不情愿地，极不乐意地9.profit【词不离句】Peopletendtoconnectfactorieswithpicturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsiblebusinessmeneagertomakehugeprofits.(P11)【拓展延伸】(be)profitablefor…适合于……makeaprofit=makeprofits获利profitfrom/by...从……中受益/靠……获利profitsb.todosth.做某事对某人有用/有利10.defence/defense【词不离句】Indefenceofthefactories,however,I’dliketopointoutthatwealsotrytocontroltheamountofpollutionweproduce.(P11)【拓展延伸】defendoneselfby...通过……辩解/自卫/保护自己defend...against/from...保卫……免受……etosb’sdefence来保护某人indefenceof...保卫/保护(……)；(为……)辩护inone’sdefence为某人辩护defendoneself自卫，为自己辩护11.consequence【教材原词】consequences(P13)【拓展延伸】asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult＝consequently因此，结果inconsequenceof=asaconsequenceof=asaresultof由于……的缘故，因而，因此dealwith/take/face/suffertheconsequences处理/承担/承担后果/自食其果ofno/littleconsequence无足轻重的，不重要的二、经典句型1.“倍数关系”表达句型【原句呈现】Withanareaofaround6millionsquarekilometres,theAmazonrainforestismorethanhalfthesizeofChina.(P2Lines57)亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。【拓展延伸】①本句中使用了“倍数关系”表达方式：Ais+倍数+theweight/height/length/width/size...+ofB，表示“在体重/高度/长度/宽度/大小……上，A是B的几倍”。②其他常用倍数关系句型：A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋B；A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B，在形容词比较级前，还可以用over,morethan等表示“比……倍还要多”；A＋be＋倍数＋(as…as)＋what引导的名词性从句。例句：①Itissaidthatthesizeofthenewgymnasiumisthreetimeslargerthantheold/originalone.Itissaidthatthesizeofthenewgymnasiumisfourtimesaslargeastheold/originalone.Itissaidthatthenewgymnasiumisfourtimesthesizeoftheold/originalone.Itissaidthatthenewgymnasiumisfourtimesaslargeaswhatitwas/whatitusedtobe.据说新体育馆的面积是原来的四倍大。②我叔叔在市中心的房子比我们的小得多，但价格是我们房子的三倍。Myuncle’shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitisthreetimesasexpensiveasours....,butitistwicemoreexpensivethanours...,butitisthreetimesthepriceofours③Thenewroadbuiltinthismonthismorethanthreetimesthewidthoftheoldonethatwasbuiltin2021.这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2021年建成的那条路的三倍多。④Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewastwiceaslargeasthatoftheirs.十年前，我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。⑤TheNileRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheworld.尼罗河比世界上其它任何河流都长。2.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句【原句呈现】TheAmazonRiver,fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,isabout6,400kilometresinlength—around100kilometreslongerthantheYangtzeRiver.(P2Lines79)亚马孙雨林得名自亚马孙河,亚马孙河长约6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。【拓展延伸】①fromwhichtherainforestgetsitsname,isabout6,400kilometresinlength是非限制性定语从句，为先行项TheAmazonRiver补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开。②介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的基本形式是：介词(介词短语)+关系代词。其常见的变式有：不定代词＋介词＋关系代词the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词(有变形)数词＋介词＋关系代词the＋形容词比较级(最高级)＋介词＋关系代词介词＋whose＋名词介词＋which＋名词介词＋where＋名词例句：①Haveyousentthankyounotestotherelativesfromwhomyoureceivedgifts?你给那些送你礼物的亲戚们发感谢信了吗？②Atlastwereachedalonelyvillage,infrontofwhichlay/therewasabeautifulriver.最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。③Thepilotlostcontrolwiththemilitarybase,asaresultofwhichtheplanecrashedinthedesert.那个飞行员和军事基地失去了联系，结果飞机在沙漠里坠毁了。④JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofwhichshespokefluently.朱莉精通德语、法语和俄语，并且说得都很流利。⑤Thehousewastooold,thewindowsofwhich(=ofwhichthewindows=whosewindows)wereflownaway.这座房子太旧了，窗户都被吹走了。⑥Inourclass,thereare46students,ofwhomhalf(=halfofwhom=andhalfofthem)efromthecountryside.在我们班上，有46名同学，其中一半来自于农村。⑦Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhom(=andmanyofthem)lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.这个住宅区大约住有一千人，其中许多人为了更加美好的生活而离开他们的村庄来到这座城市的。⑧Therearetwobuildings,thelargerofwhichstandsnearlyahundredfeethigh.有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。⑨IwanttothankProfessorDoris,withoutwhosehelpIcouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.我要感谢多丽丝教授，没有她的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的进步的。⑩Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.从1999年到2003年马克是这所大学的学生，在这(4年)期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席。⑪Hewashidingbehindthedoorfromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.他躲在门后面，从门后面他可以看到发生的事情。3.wish+虚拟语气的宾语从句【原句呈现】Iwishwecouldalsodosomethingtohelp.(P6)我希望我们也能帮点忙。【拓展延伸】①本句中的could不表示过去，而是一种虚拟语气；②动词wish之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，具体分以下三种情况：对现在的虚拟从句谓语动词形式：过去式(连系动词be用were)对将来的虚拟从句谓语动词形式：would/could/might+动词原形对过去的虚拟从句谓语动词形式：had+过去分词例句：①HowIwishIwereabird,withtotalfreedomandnomathclasstositin.我多么希望自己是一只鸟，完全自由，不上数学课。②Iwishhewould/couldgowithmetothecinematonight.今晚他能和我一起去看电影就好了。③IwishIhadhadachancetotalkaboutmyworkwithyoubeforeyouleftyesterday.我真希望在你昨天离开之前有机会和你谈谈我的作品。4.so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语【原句呈现】Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,sodoestheeffectwehaveonanimals.(P8)随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。【拓展延伸】①本句为主从复合句，主句是so引导的倒装句，目的是强调人类对动物的影响在日益增加，相当于theeffectwehaveonanimalscontinuestogrowaswell。句中so表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，常用结构为“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语”。注意：如果是另外一个人对前面所说的内容加以肯定，那就不用倒装。②将so换成neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法；③如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“Itisthesamewith+主语”结构或用“Soitiswith+主语”结构。例句：①—Iwenttoseeafilmyesterday.—Oh,didyou?SodidI.“我昨天去看电影了。”“哦，是吗？我也看电影了。”②—IfmysistergoestowatchthesingingpetitionnamedI’masingernexttime,sowillI.Thepetitioniswellorganized.—Soitis.“如果我妹妹下次去看《我是歌手》，我也会去。比赛组织得很好。”“确实如此。”③Inshort,IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neither/Nordidmyfamily.简而言之，我并没有轻率地决定申请灯塔项目。我的家人也是。④—Mymotherdoesalotofhouseworkbeforegoingtowork,butshehasneverbeenlate.

—Soitiswith/It’sthesamewithmymother.“我母亲上班前做了很多家务，但她从来没有迟到过。”

“我母亲也是如此。”5.Itis/was+名词(词组)+(forsb.)+todosth.【原句呈现】It’sourdutytoprotectourenvironmentwhileaimingforeconomicdevelopment.(P12Lines5051)我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。【拓展延伸】①本句中的主干部分用了“Itis+名词+todosth.”的句型，Itisone’sdutytodosth.做某事是某人的责任。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语是真正的主语。为了突出不定式所表示的动作执行者，就要在不定式前加上forsb.构成Itis+名词+forsb.+todosth.的句型。②该句型还有另外一种形式：It+be+名词(词组)+that从句。该句型中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。例句：①Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgo/Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgotolistentothetalk—ProfessorLi’sspeechwasreallytouching.真遗憾你没有去听这个演讲——李教授的演讲真的很感人。②YouhavemuchexperienceinvoluntaryworksothatIthinkthatitisagoodideaforyoutoapplyfortheposition.你在志愿工作方面有很多经验，所以我觉得你申请这个职位是个好主意。③Itisachallengeformetocurechildrenoftheirbadhabits.

治好孩子们的坏习惯对我来说是一项挑战。④TheInternetkeepsusinformedofthelatestnewsandalsoprovidesentertainmentinthehouse.Itisnowonderthatit’ssopopularworldwide.网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐，难怪它在全球那么受欢迎。⑤Itismybeliefthatallhumanbeingscanmakeadifferencetosociety.我相信所有人都可以对社会产生影响。一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式)1.Itiswidelyassumedthat_________(全球的)warmingand_________(气候)changemaycauseevermoredisastersinthefuture.Soitistimeforustotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.2.Thebandwillgivea_________(现场表演的)concertperformancenextweek.3.Theathletehaswonmany________(奖章)inraces.4.Itwassaidthatthe_________(委员会)_________(反对)againstchangingtheregulations.5.Itwasn’tlongbeforeweweresurroundedbyenormoussanddunes________(高耸的)aboveusonallsides.6.Rightnow,the________(鹿)inthereservearebeingwatchedoverbymanyvolunteers.7.Yourlearning________(策略)needstobeadjustedalittlesothatyouwillhavesometimeforyourownhobbies.8._________(申请)

forattending_________(各种各样的)clubsisa_________(过程)wherestudentscangreatlypracticetheirmunicationability.9.Some_________(加工)foodisregardedtobe_________(有害)toourbody.10.Thepolicemanpretendedtobewalkingaimlesslyonthestreet.Actually,hewas_________(追踪)asuspect.11.Thefirmisworkingonanewproductinbinationwithseveral________(海外的)partners.12.Onlandwithrich_________(土壤),localfarmerscangrowcropstoearn/makeal_________.13._________(碳)fibermightbe

worth

exploringinthefuturebecauseofitsaddedstrength.14.B_________andRoadthatlinksChinatotheworldisasymbolofthegoldenageof_________(全球化).15.Ididn’texpectthatthe_________(树枝)sprangbackandhitmeintheface.16.The_________(小册子)explainshowtoa________foraposition.17.Wehopetorestorethegardentoits_________(以前的)beauty.18.Toprotectthe________(野生动物)fromdyingout,weshouldbuildmorenaturereserves.19.Howtoprotectthedelicate_________(生态系统)wasamongthetopconcerns.20.The_________(气体)issaidtorelaxandwidenthebloodvesselsandtherebyaidtheflowofblood.21.The_________(温室)effectgivestheearth’ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃.22.The________(百万富翁)iseagertocultivateapositive________(形象)andshowittoothers.23.Howdothese________(昆虫)adaptthemselvestonewenvironment?24.Thefirst_________(哺乳动物)to

be

clonedsuccessfully

fromanadultcellwasDollythesheep.25.Thenew_________(政策)willbenefittheeldersalotthatpeopleover65cantakebusesfreeofcharge.26.This_________(化学的)substancecanberesolvedintoanacidando_________.27.About17percentoftherainforest’s_________(消失)isduetohumanactivitiessuchas_________(农业)andcattlefarming.28.Howwouldyoufeelifyou’removingtoanewtownmeantlosingt_________ofyourfriends?29.Millionsofpeoplearesufferingfromstarvationasaresultofd_________andp_________harvests.30.LastFridaybeforedinner,seeinganoticeinourmunitycallingonr_________toperformvoluntaryservice,Idecidedtohelpwithtrashpicking.31.Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butn_________elsecanyoufindsuchabeautifulplace.32.Globalwarmingishavingagreati________onhundredsofanimalandplantspeciesaroundtheworld.33.Thec________engineertogetherwithhiscolleagueshasbeenlookingfornewscientificmethodsoffarmingsincefiveyearsago.34.Thec________connectedwithAsiaattheSuezCanalisAfrica.35.M________ofpeoplegavefreelyin

responsetotheappealforthevictimsoftheearthquake.36.Ifwedon’ttakeaction,mores________ofanimalswillbe

in

danger

ofdyingout.37.Atthatmoment,theyfelttheearthshakingb________theirfeet,beyond

in

thedistancetheyheardthecrashoffallingroofs.38.Thecityisdevelopingfastandthes________iscurrentlyunderconstruction.39.MycousinJimdidn’tbehavehimselfatthepartyandt________leftabadimpressionontheguests.40.Morenaturecentredtouristattractions,wheremanandnatureliveinharmony,canbegreatlyi_________orevendestroyedbythefloodoftourists.二、词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)1.JustnowBob________infrontofus,________joyfulandhis________broughtmuchdelighttous.Asaresult,ourworry________quickly.(appear)2.Embracing________(globalize)isthebestwaytobridgethegapbetweendevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountries.3.Abanonsomesingleuseplasticsstressesgreatimportanceofusing________(recycle)shoppingbagsinourdailylives.4.TheInternetenablespeopletokeeptrackofwhat’sgoingon________andbeepartofthe________munity.(globe)5.Itsnative________existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnatural________forthousandsofyears.(habitat)6.Thecityrecorded18________(smog)daysinJune,arecordhighoverthelast50years.7.Weallneedtocutdowntheuseof________(recycle)plasticwhichwillcausedamagetoourenvironment.8.CixinLiu’ssciencefictionprovidesarichsourceofmaterialforreaders’________(imagine)togrow.9.You’llneedtobealittlemore________(imagine)ifyouwanttoholdtheirattention.10.Fearsaregrowingforthesafetyofateenagerwho________aweekagoandhis________makeshisparentsfeelratherworried.(disappear)11.Theboy’sfearswereonly________(imagine).12.Thegovernmenthasnowcarriedoutstrict________policiesongasconsumption,encouragingpeopletouseamore________waytosavebothenergyandmoney.(economy)13.Inspiteofthefactthathewasnotatrained________(economy),hisachievementswereremarkable.14.Thesetechnologicaldevelopmentswerehardly________(imagine)30yearsago.15.Thedesignisintendedtousespaceas________(economy)aspossible.16.Heisrecognisedasoneofthegreatestpainters_________.=Heisrecognisedasoneofthegreatest_________painters.(live)17.Thoughalltheperformanceswere________(live)andentertaining,theimpressivePhantomoftheOperaprovedtobethefan’favorite.18.Theothergirlsrushedaheadofme.IfeltashamedasIfell________and________behind.(far)19.Forfurtherinformationabouttheschool,pleaserefertothe________(office)website.20.The_________(chemistry)mixed(up)somemedicineforme.21.Asisknowntoall,ournationhas________(office)setSept3rdas“VictoryDay”tomarkourvictoryoverJapaninWorldWarII.22.Forlackofmoney,the________(organize)arenowtryingtolookformorepeoplewhocansponsortheexhibition.23.ThebeautyoftheWestLakeis________(entire)beyondexpression.24.Despite

theoppositionfromherparents,shewasstilldeterminedtoresignandreceive________(far)trainingcourses,whichshethoughtwasworthwhile.25.Wemustdosomethingtopreventthefactoriessendingout________(poison)gasessoastokeepthecityfrombeingpolluted.26.The________(office)ispreparingdocumentsforafournation________(region)meetingonelephantconservation.27.Ifyouareusingfoodmostlyfor________(nutrient),thenyouareontherighttrackwithyourdiet.28.Adietlackingin_________(nutrient)valuewillnotkeepapersonhealthy.29.Thetwofarmerscarryingwhatappearedtobesmallgunsforcedtheenemy________(office)tohandinhismap.30.Ifeelitis________(absolute)necessaryformetoremindhimofthemeetingtoday.31.Whetheryouareinaspeechcontestoryouaregivingatalkinclass,alittlepreparationwillmakeyourpresentation________(organize)anddynamic.32.Hopeprojectisdesignedtohelpthosechildrenwhodropoutofschoolbecauseof_________(poor).33.Itisdifficulttofigureouta_________(globe)populationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen_________(poor)studied.34.Ifdoneright,thereisnodoubtthat_________(recycle)savesenergyandrawmaterials,andreducespollutiontotheenvironment.35.MSFisanindependent,________(profit)________(organize)whosemissionistoprovidemedicalcareforthoseaffectedbyconflict,epidemics,disastersoralackofhealthcare.36.It

is

also

the_________(far)object

in

the

solar

system

to

be

seen

by

a

telescope.

37.Thismass________(extinct)ofourplanet’swildlifeiscausedbyhunting,habitatloss,andpollution.38.Theyusespecial________(chemistry)toacceleratethegrowthofcrops.39.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemakeslargedonationstosupport________(agriculture)research.40.Itislikelythatwemaydrivegreatbenefitsfromsuchreleasesofgeneticallyengineered________(microorganism)intotheenvironment—providingtheydowhatweexpectthemto.三、短语填空(从“背”一本“短语”栏目中选择恰当的短语填空)说明：每个短语只能用一次，且选择范围不包括拓展短语。1.Iwasalmostontheedgeof____________whenmydad____________agoodway(that/inwhich)wecouldreturntomyuncle’sfarmhouse.2.Workingoutregularlynotonlyhelps____________mystrength,butalsoenablesmetohaveapositiveattitudetowardslife.3.Tallgrassesandtrees,dottedtheplains,which____________theAfricanwildlifewehadetosee.4.WhenChinesepeopletalkaboutAmericancities,thefirstthat____________isSanFrancisco.5.Ifyouarecuriousaboutthehistoryofourschoolor____________itsfuture,youmustn’tpassupthisexcellentopportunity!6.Thedilemma____________atthemeetingwhetherwehadraisedenoughfundsforourresearch.7.____________severalgroups,wesetouttopick,collectanddeliverapplesonthefarm.8.RegionalculturaldifferencesvarygreatlyamongthedifferentregionsofChina,only____________thedifferentstylesoffood.9.Sheisverypatientwithherstudentsbecausesheknowsthatteaching____________patienceanddevotion.10.Savingourplanet,liftingpeopleoutofpoverty,advancingeconomicgrowth...theseare____________fight.11.WhenitestoancientChinesedetectives,thenameDiRenjie,afamousjudgeandadministratoroftheTangDynasty(618907),often____________.12.Shemanagedtogetoverhershyness,which,____________,helpedhertogetpromoted.13.Becauseofalackofprotection,theseendangeredanimalsare____________dyingout.14.Hertalentinmusicandpassionforarthavegone____________,leadingtohertremendoussuccessinthisfield.15.Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjust____________words.16.Inthepast,Samfellbehindhisfellowstudentsinhisstudy__________laziness,butnowhehasmadeuphismindtocatchupwiththem.17.Ididn’t____________hismistakesothathemightnotlosefaceinfrontofhisstudents.18.Istronglyaappealtoeveryoneto____________thiscontest,whereawealthofknowledgewillbeharvested.19.Thereisnopointinadvisinghimto____________thebadhabitofstayinguplate.Heissostubborn.20.Thetourismboomhelpstoprotectand____________theancientvillage.四、核心词汇(根据要求完成相关任务)1.harm用该词条恰当的形式填空①Sugaris________toourhealth,buteatingittoomuchis________toourhealth,thatistosay,eatingtoomuchsugardoes________toourhealth.②AprilFool’sDayisatraditionalfestival—whenpeopleplay_________(harm)jokesonothers.完成句子③他可能看上去很凶，但他并无恶意。Hemaylookfierce,buthe______________.④这不仅会对他们的汉语学习造成很大的伤害，也会对他们未来的英语学习造成很大的伤害。Thiswill_____________________theirChineselearning___________theirfutureEnglishlearning.⑤从那以后，他没有受到任何伤害。_______________________himeversince.⑥沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康有害。因此，戒掉它没有害处。(2021·全国乙，发言稿)Beingaddictedtoonlinegames____________________ourphysicalandmentalhealth.Therefore,_______________________it.⑦这个事件没有损害他的名誉/形象。This

event

___________________________.

2.length用该词条恰当的形式填空①The_________ofthearticleshouldbelimitedto400wordsorso.②Shegoestoextraordinary________tokeepherprivatelifeprivate.③Schoolshavebeen________theschooldaytoraisetestmarks,whichcanbecostlyifschoolsneedairconditioningonhotdays.④Therewasa________silencebeforeshespoke.完成句子⑤我们应该不遗余力地用各种有效的方法来解决这些问题。Weshould________________________theseproblemswithvariouseffectivemeans.⑥这项工作不容易完成，但是他最终设法完成了。Theworkwasnoteasytofinish,buthe________________.⑦他刚刚租的房子大约长9米，三米宽。Theroomhehasjustrentis___________________________.⑧一个碰巧看到这一交通事故的过路人被带到警察局，详细描述事故的经过。Apasserbywhohappenedtoseethetrafficaccidentwastakentothepolicestation_______________.⑨你是一个女孩儿，得和男孩儿保持一定的距离。You

are

a

girl

and

you

should

________________________.

3.variety用该词条恰当的形式填空①Sorich/abundantaretheeducationalresourcesthatthoselovinglearningcanhavefreeaccessto_________coursesandlearneverythingwithoutgoingout.②Thesortofmusichelistensto________,buttendstowardspopularmusic.③Thecropscientistsfoundthe________ofwheatrestrictednotonlybythetypeofsoilbutalsobytheclimate.④Itisessentialthatyourdietis________andbalanced.⑤Farmersalreadyadaptto________(vary)weatherbychangingtheirplantingschedules.完成句子⑥报纸上有各种各样的文章，从政治到娱乐不等。____________________articlesinnewspaper,which_______________________.⑦我们将举办各种各样的课外活动，从英语角到文学俱乐部，我们学生可以从中获得不同的体验。____________________willbeheld,______________________,______________westudentscanget_________________.⑧西红柿的价格随季节而变化。Thepriceoftomatoes_______________________.⑨超市里的商品大小、颜色和价格各不相同。Thegoodsinthesupermarket___________________.⑩尽量使孩子们的学校生活多样化，他们才不会感到厌烦。Tryto________________________sothattheywon’tgetbored.4.mass用该词条恰当的形式填空①Abovethatisthe________ofleaflitteronthedarkforestfloor.②Theadvertisementwasdesignedtotargeta________audience.③Shortlyaftersufferingfroma________(mass)earthquakeandbeingreducedtoruins,thecitytookonanewlook.④Hewaspopularwiththerichbutfailedtowinthesupportofthe________(mass).完成句子⑤那个地区的大多数人都热爱和平。________________inthatregion________fondofpeace.⑥大量的证据表明，事故的主要原因是他的粗心大意，大量的市民赞成这个想法。________________showthatthemajorcauseoftheaccidentishiscarelessness,and_______________isinfavourofthisidea.⑦在过去的十年里，大量的栖息地被破坏，这威胁到许多生物的生存。Inthepasttenyears,whichthreatensmanycreatures’existence.5.survive用该词条恰当的形式填空①Theonlywayforus________istocoexistharmoniouslywithnatur