（外研版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义 选择性必修第三册　Unit 3 War and peace

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．landingn．(军队的)登陆2．alliedadj.(第二次世界大战)同盟国的3．troopn．部队；军队4．code-namev．起代号为5．tiden．潮水6．supremeadj.最高的7．commandern．指挥官，长官8．parachuten．降落伞9．coastlinen．海岸线10．gunfiren．炮火11．amongstprep.在……当中(＝among)12．tankn．坦克13．solemnadj.严肃的，庄重的14．wearyv．(使)非常疲倦15．peacekeepingn．维持和平(的行动)16．peacekeepern．维和人员17．frictionn．冲突，摩擦18．disarmv．解除武装19．combatantn．战斗人员20．weaponn．武器，兵器21．ammunitionn．弹药22．sardinen．沙丁鱼23．direadj.极其严重的24．dauntingadj.吓人的，使人气馁的25．fortifyv．激励，加强26．shirkv．逃避27．depictv．描述，描写28．peern．同龄人；同辈29．breezen．微风30．crowningadj.使圆满的，使完美的31．prominentadj.著名的，杰出的32．commemoratev．庆祝，为……举行纪念活动33．reaffirmv．重申，再次确定34．blueprintn．蓝图Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．objectiven．目的，目标2．recallv．回想，回忆起3．barelyadv.勉强才能4．condemnv．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地5．outstandingadj.杰出的，优秀的6．uniformn．制服7．bombv．轰炸8．intellectualadj.智力的，脑力的9．associatedadj.联合的10．roughadj.简单的；粗糙的11．disruptv．扰乱12．emergev．出现13．anniversaryn．周年纪念日14．sumn．金额，款项15．grainn．谷物，粮食16．relevantadj.有关的，切题的Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．violentadj.狂暴的，凶暴的→violencen．暴力2．horrorn．惊恐→horribleadj.可怕的→horrifyv．惊吓；使厌恶；恐吓3．drownv．(使)淹死→drownedadj.淹死的→drowningadj.要淹死的4．liberatev．解放(城市、国家等)→liberationn．解放5．memorialadj.纪念的，追悼的n．纪念物；纪念碑→memoryn．记忆→memorizev．记住→memorableadj.值得纪念的；难忘的6．stabilityn．稳固，稳定→stableadj.稳定的7．professionalismn．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→professionn．专业；职业→professionaladj.专业的n．专业人员8．academicadj.学术的→academyn．学院；学会9．aggressionn．侵略；攻击性→aggressiveadj.好斗的；志在必得的→aggressorn．侵略者10．invadern．侵略者，侵略军→invadev．侵略；侵犯→invasionn．侵略11．mistyadj.多雾的→mistn．薄雾；水汽12．gloryn．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事；荣誉→gloriousadj.光荣的13．dedicationn．奉献→dedicatev．把……奉献给→dedicatedadj.专注的；献身的14．representativen．代表→representv．代表；描绘15．collectiveadj.集体的；共同的→collectv．收集→collectionn．收藏品→collectorn．收集者，收藏家1．embody/Im'bɒdi/vt.体现；代表；(正式)包括2．migrant/'maIɡrənt/n．(为工作)移居者；移民；候鸟；迁徙动物→migrate/maI'ɡreIt/vi.移居；迁移；迁徙3．extensive/Ik'stensIv/adj.广泛的；广博的；大量的4．validate/'vælIdeIt/vt.证实；确认5．executive/Iɡ'zekjətIv/n．(机构或公司的)主管；经理adj.经营管理的；经理的；决策的6．administrative/əd'mInIstrətIv/adj.行政的；管理的7．indulge/In'dʌldʒ/vt.&vi.沉迷(于)；放纵indulgeoneself放纵；享受indulgein沉迷；沉溺于8．inherit/In'herIt/vt.&vi.经遗传获得；继承(遗产)；继任9．aspire/ə'spaIə(r)/vi.&vt.渴望(成就)；有志(成为)aspireto(do)sth追求某事物；渴望做某事10．whereby/weə'baI/adv.凭此；借以Ⅳ.背核心短语1．onstandby待命2．inlargenumbers大量，大批3．free...from把……从……释放出来，使……摆脱4．haveconfidencein对……有信心5．nothinglessthan简直是；极其；不亚于6．preparefor为……做准备7．makeit(及时)到达(尤指来得及做某事)；能够出席；(经历艰难困苦后)成功8．meetupwith与……见面9．keeptosth遵守；不偏离(道路等)10．holddown固定住；保住；压制，限制Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Code-named“OperationOverlord”，itwasthelargestcombinedsea，airandlandoperationinhistory，theaimbeingtofreenorth-westEuropefromGermanoccupation.(独立主格结构)这次行动代号为“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海、空、陆联合行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。2．Withthesewordsringingintheirears，AlliedsoldierspreparedforwhatwouldbecomeknownasD-Day.(with的复合结构)盟军士兵们耳中回荡着这些话，为即将到来的诺曼底登陆日做好了准备。3．Conditionswerelittlebetteroncetheyreachedtheremoteandmountainoussouth-westpartofChina.(once引导时间状语从句)到了中国西南部的偏远山区后，情况也没有好多少。4．Itisnowonderthatmany，ifnotmost，ofChina’sleadingscholarsandscientistsemergedatLianda，includingthetwoNobelPrize-winningphysicists，YangZhenningandLiZhengdao.(Itisnowonderthat...难怪……)难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主——物理学家杨振宁和李政道。5．Drivenbyasenseofcommitment，agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.(过去分词短语作状语)在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共14分)1．depictv．描述，描写2．breezen．微风3．prominentadj.著名的，杰出的4．reaffirmv．重申，再次确定5．peacekeepingn．维持和平(的行动)6．frictionn．冲突，摩擦7．weaponn．武器，兵器8．landingn．(军队的)登陆9．supremeadj.最高的10．commandern．指挥官，长官11．direadj.极其严重的12．wearyv．(使)非常疲倦13．shirkv．逃避14．dauntingadj.吓人的，使人气馁的Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)1．disruptv．扰乱2．recallv．回想，回忆起3．barelyadv.勉强才能4．condemnv．迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地5．outstandingadj.杰出的，优秀的6．emergev．出现7．associatedadj.联合的8．roughadj.简单的；粗糙的9．anniversaryn．周年纪念日10．relevantadj.有关的，切题的Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)1．violentadj.狂暴的，凶暴的→violencen．暴力2．horrorn．惊恐→horribleadj.可怕的→horrifyv．惊吓；使厌恶；恐吓3．liberatev．解放(城市、国家等)→liberationn．解放4．professionalismn．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→professionn．专业；职业→professionaladj.专业的n．专业人员5．aggressionn．侵略→aggressiveadj.好斗的；志在必得的→aggressorn．侵略者6．invadern．侵略者，侵略军→invadev．侵略；侵犯→invasionn．侵略7．gloryn．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事；荣誉→gloriousadj.光荣的8．dedicationn．奉献→dedicatev．把……奉献给→dedicatedadj.专注的；献身的Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．embodyvt.体现；代表；(正式)包括2．indulgein沉迷；沉溺于3．inheritvt.&vi.经遗传获得；继承(遗产)；继任4．aspireto(do)sth追求某事物；渴望做某事5．wherebyadv.凭此；借以Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)1．onstandby待命2．inlargenumbers大量，大批3．free...from把……从……释放出来，使……摆脱4．nothinglessthan简直是；极其；不亚于5．meetupwith与……见面Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共10分)1．Shehasbeensufferingfromthelossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccident.Shecouldonlymemorizesomethings，soshewrotedownthememorialserviceinherdiary.(memory)2．Mybrotherhasbeencollectingstampsformanyyearssohehaslargecollectionsofstamps.(collect)3．Thebrilliantprofessorisadoctorbyprofession，sohehasmuchprofessionalknowledgeinmedicine.(profession)4.Economicstabilitycontributestopeoplelivingastablelife.(stable)5．Thestudentrepresentativeismorethandelightedtorepresenthisclasstotalkaboutlearningmethods.(representative)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(haveconfidencein，preparefor，makeit，holddown，keepto)1．Beforesettingoff，IwastoldtokeeptothetrackorIwouldgetlost.2．Thegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoholddownhouseprices.3．Thedeterminedlookonhisfaceshowedthathehadenoughconfidenceinhimself.4．Innosenseshouldyouloseheart；keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.5．NotuntilheinformedmeofthemeetingwasIawarethatIhadnotpreparedformyproposal.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．(读后续写之情感描写)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶。”内疚的泪水流下脸颊。(独立主格结构)“ButIhavecheatedmygrandmother，”shesaid，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.2．(读后续写之情感描写)波莉怒火中烧，一把推开椅子，从桌子旁边站了起来。(过去分词短语作状语)Filledwithanger，Pollypushedbackherchairandstoodupfromthetable.3．我没有如约出现，也未向他道歉。难怪他不原谅我。(Itisnowonderthat...)NeitherdidIturnupaspromised，nordidIapologizetohim.Itwasnowonderthathedidn’tforgiveme.4．(2021·全国乙，书面表达)随着在线学习越来越流行，越来越多的青少年认为它是一个获取知识的好方法。(with的复合结构)Withonlinelearningmoreandmorepopular，moreandmoreteenagersthinkitagoodwayofgainingknowledge.5．他度假一回来就投身于工作。(once引导时间状语从句)Hethrewhimselfintoworkoncehegotbackfromhisholidays.Severalyearshavepassedbutwecanstillrecallthedauntingviolencethatbroke1.outinthissmallAfricancountry,2.whicheventuallyturnedintonationalunrest.Therewereconstantfightsbetweengovernmenttroops3.andlocalarmedforces，makingcivilianscondemnedtoextremehorror.Theorderoflocallife4.wasdisrupted(disrupt)aswell.5.Invited(invite)bytheinternationalcommunity，Chinasentpeacekeeperstothiscountrywiththeobjectiveof6.keeping(keep)peace.Allofthesepeacekeeperswerecombatants.Theyworepeacekeepers’uniforms，carriedweaponsandammunition，stoppedviolentincidents，disarmedillegalarmedforces，mediatedfrictionsthatemergedamongstall7.parties(party)，andfortifiedsocial8.security(secure)．Theymadeoutstandingcontributionstothepeaceandstabilityofthecountry.Theirunremittingeffortsanddedicationwonwidespreadpraise.ThesupremecommanderofUNpeacekeepingspoke9.highly(high)ofthecrowningqualityandroleofChina’speacekeepingforce，andawardeditcollectivefirst-classmerit.Tosumup，itisalso10.agloryforChinesepeople.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇objectiven．目的，目标adj.客观的；无偏见的；基于事实的；宾格的(objectv．反对；不赞成n．目标，目的；物体objectionn．不赞成；反对；异议)·withtheobjectiveof旨在……；带着……的目标·objecttosb/sth反对；不赞成……objectto(sb)doingsth反对(某人)做某事·have/raise/makeanobjectionto/against(doing)sth对(做)某事表示反对(1)Itisobviousthatheobjectstosolving(solve)frictionswithviolence.(2)(应用文写作之求助信)我的父母反对我选择文科，这使我很烦恼，因此我给你写信旨在寻求你的帮助。Itupsetsmethatmyparentshaveanobjectionto/objecttomy/mechoosingarts，soIamwritingwiththeobjectiveofaskingyouforassistance.condemnv．谴责；指责；宣判；迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地condemnsbfor(doing)sth因(做)某事而指责某人condemnsbtosth判处某人刑罚；迫使某人接受……的困境becondemnedtodosth注定要做某事(1)Thekindergartenwascondemnedforabusingnaughtychildren.(2)Theirlackofqualificationscondemnedthemtoalifetimeofboring，usuallypoorly-paidwork.(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的老师给了我一个鼓励的微笑，说：“你对写作如此投入，注定要为我们班赢得荣誉。”Myteachercastaninspiringsmileatme，saying，“Youaresodevotedtoyourwritingthatyouarecondemnedtowingloryforourclass.”representativen．代表；代理人adj.典型的；有代表性的(representv．代表；象征；表示；描绘；声称)·representsb/sthas/tobe...宣称某人为……；把某事叙述为……representsthtosb向某人说明(传达)某事·standfor代表；象征onbehalfofsb(＝onone’sbehalf)为了某人；代表某人(1)Somecountriesrepresenttheirtroopsaspeacekeeperstoothercountries.(2)Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtobechosenasarepresentative(represent)torepresentChinesetablemannerstoyou.(3)(话题写作之中国文化)汉语与西方语言的不同之处在于它使用代表思想、物体或行为的汉字。TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthatitusescharacterswhichstandfor/representideas，objectsordeeds.(4)(应用文写作之活动安排)我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。I’mmorethangladtorepresentourschooltotellyousomethingabouttheseactivities./Onbehalfofourschool，I’mmorethangladtotellyousomethingabouttheseactivities.sumn．金额，款项；总数；总和v．总结，概括alargesumof大量的sumup总结；概括insum＝tosumup总而言之(1)Willyoupleasesumupthemainideaofthisarticle?(2)这个男孩因他的发明得到了一大笔奖金。Theboywasrewardedforhisinventionwithalargesumofmoney.(3)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)总而言之，通过这次活动，更多的人可以欣赏中国文化之美，加深对中国的了解。Insum/Tosumup，throughthisevent，morepeoplecanappreciatethebeautyofChinesecultureanddeepentheirunderstandingofChina.holddown固定住；保住；压制；限制；压低holdback阻挡；抵制；克制；控制；退缩holdout(食物等)维持；坚持；伸出holdup举起；支撑；耽搁；抢劫holdon(打电话时用语)请等一下，不要挂断；坚持住，挺住holdonto抓住；坚持，不放弃(1)Iwouldhavearrivedonschedule，butmytrainwasheldupontheway.(2)WhenIsawthelistofwinnersinthewritingcontest，Iheldout/upmyarmsandcheered，laughingheartily.(3)他焦急地说：“请等一下！我有急事要告诉你。”Hesaidanxiously，“Holdon！Ihavesomethingurgenttotellyou.”(4)他很难保住现在的工作，他控制不住自己的眼泪。Hehaddifficulty(in)holdingdownhispresentjobandhecouldn’tholdbackhistears.(5)(应用文写作之鼓励信)别半途而废。坚持你的目标，你就会成功。Don’tleavethingshalfdone.Holdontoyourobjective/aim/goalandyouwillmakeit.Itisnowonderthat...Itisnowonderthatmany，ifnotmost，ofChina’sleadingscholarsandscientistsemergedatLianda，includingthetwoNobelPrize-winningphysicists，YangZhenningandLiZhengdao.难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主——物理学家杨振宁和李政道。·Itisnowonderthat...难怪……；怪不得……，……不足为奇(可以省略为Nowonder...)·It’sawonderthat...令人惊奇的是……workwonders创造奇迹·wonder＋宾语从句想知道……/对……感到奇怪(1)(应用文写作之求助信)Iwonderif/whetheryoucangivemesomeadviceonhowtomakefriends.(2)地震发生后，他靠一瓶矿泉水幸存了下来，这真是个奇迹。Itwasawonderthathehadsurvivedonabottleofmineralwateraftertheearthquake.(3)(话题写作之动物保护)我们相信，只要我们不放弃保护野生动物的斗争，我们就会创造奇迹。Webelievethatwewillworkwondersaslongaswenevergiveupthestruggleofwildlifeprotection.(4)(2023·上海1月，书面表达)许多学生害怕在公共场合犯错误和使自己难堪，难怪他们对英语口语课不感兴趣。Manystudentsareafraidofmakingmistakesandembarrassingthemselvesinpublicanditisnowonderthat/nowondertheyaren’tinterestedintheoralEnglishclass.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．rougheq\x(A.艰难的B.崎岖不平的C.粗鲁的D.粗糙的E.汹涌的；风浪大的F.粗略的)(1)Thebenchhadaroughwoodentableinfrontofit.D(2)Theroadissosteepandroughthattheparticipantssufferedalot.B(3)Theycomplainedofroughhandlingbytheguards.C(4)Itwastooroughtosailthatnight.E(5)Hismarriagewasgoingthrougharoughpatch.A(6)(2023·全国甲)ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.F2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)Asajournalist，itismydutytoreporttrueandobjectiveinformation.客观的(2)Thereisanxietyabouttherisingtideofcrime.(难以控制的)恶潮(3)(2022·浙江1月)KimCobb，aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswhoarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.大学教师(4)Temperaturebecomesuniformbyheatconductionuntilfinallyapermanentstateisreached.一致的，统一的Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Mostpeopleobjectedtohisplan，whichdisappointedhim.However，hegottobemoremodest.2．Theyselectedmeastherepresentative(represent)ofourschooltodeliverareportabouttheresultofouranalysis.3．Violent(violence)gamesshouldberestricted；otherwisetheywouldseverely(severe)pollutechildren’sminds.4．Shehadbarelyheardthenewsthathewasrefusedwhenshebegantocry.5．Tomyhorror，amouseemergedfrommyroom.6．Yesterdayhesummedupthetextquiteaccurately，whichwonhimgreatacclaim.7．MyfriendissearchingtheInternetformaterialsthatarerelevanttopreciousantiques.8．Thebossofthegrocerystorehasmadeuphismindtoholddownpricestopromotegoods.9.Nonetheless，whatmakesussurprisedisthatinEnglandtrafficmustkeeptotheleft，whichiscontrarytoChina.10．Theseartisanshaveacommandofuniquecraftonhowtopreserveancientarchitecture.假设你是李华，你们班于上周日上午9点组织了一次主题为“中国人民抗日战争的胜利TheVictoryoftheChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression”的主题班会，请你给你的外国笔友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：1.简要描述抗日战争；2.你的感想。完成句子1．我写信的目的是告知你我们的主题班会，其主题是中国人民抗日战争的胜利。(objective；定语从句)2．在残酷的战争中，中国军队被认为是最勇敢的士兵，他们冒着生命危险与敌人作战。(represent...as)3．面对敌人猛烈的轰炸，中国军民万众一心，不忘目标，英勇杀敌。(holdonto)4．虽然中国军队武器落后，但他们坚信他们将以共同的努力赢得光荣的胜利。(glorious；collective)5．难怪有人说，中国人民抗日战争的伟大胜利将永远铭刻在人类正义史上。(itisnowonderthat)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文DearTom，IamwritingwiththeobjectiveofinformingyouofourthemeclassmeetingwhosethemeisthevictoryofChina’sResistanceWaragainstJapaneseAggression.Duringthecruelwar，theChinesearmywasrepresentedasthemostcourageoussoldiers，whofoughtagainsttheenemiesattheriskoftheirlives.Inthefaceoftheenemy’sviolentbombing，theChinesearmyandthepeopleunitedasone，heldontotheirgoalandbravelykilledtheenemy.AlthoughtheChinesearmywasbackwardinweapons，theywereconfidentthattheywouldwinthegloriousvictorywithcollectiveefforts.Asaresult，itisnowonderthatsomeonesaysthatthegreatvictoryoftheChinesePeople’sWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggressionwillbeforevercarvedinthehistoryofhumanjustice.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua教材语料整合亮词[环境描写]coastline；misty；breeze；tide[战争描写]violent→violence；horror；gunfire；bomb；friction；disarm；combatant；weapon；ammunition；aggression；fortify；invader；glory；dedication美句1.Withthesewordsringingintheirears，AlliedsoldierspreparedforwhatwouldbecomeknownasD-Day.(动作描写)2．Yang’sdeathwasahugeblowtohisloyaltroops，buttheyturnedsorrowintoangerandcontinuedtofightfiercelyagainsttheinvaders.(情感描写)拓展语料积累动作细节描写：哭泣(一)单词misty泪眼模糊的watery眼泪汪汪的tearful含泪的sob呜咽，啜泣weep(通常因悲伤)哭泣，流泪cry哭泣choke哽咽wail号啕大哭，恸哭词块havealumpinone’sthroat哽咽bewetwithtears/beintears泪流满面beclosetotears/beonthevergeoftears快哭了befilledwith/befulloftears/tearswellupinone’seyes热泪盈眶beblurred/dimwithtears泪眼模糊tearscloudone’seyes泪水模糊了某人的眼睛tearspourdownone’sface眼泪从脸上流下来句型Shehuggedherchildtightly，hereyesfloodedwith/fulloftearsofgratitude.(独立主格)她紧紧地抱着她的孩子，眼里充满了感激的泪水。Isobbedbitterly，tastingthesaltfromthetearsthatstreameddownmyface.(现在分词短语作状语)我痛苦地抽泣着，品尝着从我脸上流下的泪水中的咸味。Herbottomlipquiveredandbigtearsrolleddownhercheeks.她的下唇颤抖着，大颗大颗的眼泪顺着脸颊滚落下来。Hewailed，tearspouringdownhisfaceuncontrollably.(独立主格)他号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地从脸上流下来。Allthechildrenheldouttheirarmsandcheered，withtearswellingupintheireyes.(with的复合结构)所有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，泪水夺眶而出。语料运用武装冲突Onamistymorning，violentarmedfrictionbrokeout.Withgunfireandbombingringingintheirears，thechildreninthevillagewailed，①tearspouringdowntheirfacesuncontrollably(独立主格)．Somepeople②hadalumpintheirthroats，unabletoutteraword.Horrorcrowdedinonthemliketides.Luckily，localsoldiersandpeoplefoughtbravelyagainstinvadersanddroveawayenemiessoon.③Allthechildrenheldouttheirarmsandcheered，withtearswellingupintheireyes(with的复合结构)．在一个雾蒙蒙的早晨，爆发了激烈的武装冲突。枪声和爆炸声在他们耳边回响，村里的孩子们号啕大哭，眼泪不受控制地从脸上流下。有些人喉头哽咽，说不出一句话。恐怖像潮水一样涌向他们。幸运的是，当地的士兵和人民勇敢地抵抗侵略者，很快就赶走了敌人。所有的孩子都伸出双臂欢呼起来，热泪盈眶。高考题型组合练33提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Iwassleepingonthestreetforninedays.Ifitweren’tforCrisis，Imighthavedied，”saidEddie，whowasachefforyears，workinginluxurioushotelsinLondon.Helosthisjobandhishealthdeclined.Hespentallhissavingsonrentandwasforcedtoleavehishomewhentheyranout.Hestayedwithafriend，butitwascrowded，andhisfriendeventuallyaskedhimtoleave.EddiefoundoutaboutCrisisbychanceandwasreferredtoaCrisisatChristmashotel.EddiewasgivenaCrisiscoach，whosupportedhiminfindingsomewheretoliveandhewasgivenaphone，whichheusedtolookforwork.Eddieissettledinhisnewhome.Hishealthconditionismuchbetterandheislookingforwardtothefuture.Rightnowthousandsofpeopleatthesharpendofpovertyarebeingpushedintohomelessness.Peoplearebeingleftwithnooptionsthantogowithoutbasicslikefood，heatingorkeepingaroofovertheirheads.Pleasedonatetodaytoendsomeone’shomelessnessandsupporttoleavehomelessnessbehindforgood.·￡10monthlycouldprovideawarmwelcomeandhelpsomeonetaketheirfirststepsoutofhomelessness.·￡32monthlycouldhelpfundone-to-onespecialistcoachinginhousing，benefits，well-beingandwork.·￡64monthlycouldhelpfundoneofoursupportworkerstoassistsomeonetrappedintemporaryaccommodationinlookingforaffordableandsettledhousing.·￡100monthlycouldbuyahouseholdstarterkit，filledwithessentialssomeonemightnotbeabletoafford，tohelpthemsettleintotheirnewhome.Pleasesearch“CrisisatChristmas”tomakeyourdonation.Hereishow：08009992060Room006，Freepost，CrisisatChristmasScantheQRcodewithyourphonecameratodonate语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对慈善组织CrisisatChristmas作捐赠的方式和不同金额可实现的帮助意义。1．WhatisCrisisatChristmas?A．Ahotel.B．Ahealthcenter.C．Anemploymentagency.D．Acharityorganization.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘Iwassleepingonthestreetforninedays.Ifitweren’tforCrisis，Imighthavedied，’saidEddie”、第二段中“Eddiefoundout...aCrisisatChristmashotel.”、第三段中“EddiewasgivenaCrisiscoach，whosupportedhiminfindingsomewheretolive...”以及文章最后提到“Pleasesearch‘CrisisatChristmas’tomakeyourdonation”可推知，CrisisatChristmas是一个帮助无家可归的人的慈善机构。故选D。2．Whatdifferencecanyoumaketoabeneficiarywithadonationof￡32monthly?A．Helpingrentaluxurioushouse.B．Helpingthrowawelcomeparty.C．Helpingbuyhouseholdnecessities.D．Helpinggetpersonalizedguidance.答案D解析细节理解题。根据题干关键词“￡32monthly”定位至文中的“￡32monthlycouldhelpfundone-to-onespecialistcoachinginhousing...”。one-to-onespecialistcoaching与D项中的“personalizedguidance”语义一致，意为“个性化指导”，故选D。3．Howmanywaysaretheretomakeadonation?A．One. B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.答案C解析细节理解题。根据题干关键词“makeadonation”定位至最后一段，其中提到可以通过打电话、寄信、扫描二维码共三种方式来实现捐赠，故选C。B(★)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements，anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects，andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat，butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict，atBotanyBay，betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside，wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside，wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday，theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides，therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted，especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino，theAustralianAboriginals，theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas，allofwhomappearinthisbook，canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade：ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese，allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted，onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。4．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该被如何呈现。故选A。5．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific.B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay.D．Hisrecordwasone-sided.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句可知，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据该段最后三句可知，关于这场冲突，英国人留下了文本资料而澳大利亚土著人只有一个木盾牌，而想要了解真实的历史，就要对盾牌和文本进行同样深入而严肃的研究。由此推断，作者想表明库克船长的记录是片面的，故D项正确。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History.C．Voice. D．Society.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice”和“...onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation，wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts，buttheobjects”可知，我们所看到的历史资料，只是真实历史的一半，想要了解另一半的历史，就需要结合物品，所以conversation指的是“历史”，故B项正确。7．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld.B．AShortHistoryofAustralia.C．AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects.D．HowArtWorksTellStories.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistory...youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，while...”结合最后一段的“Ifwearetofind...notjustthetexts，buttheobjects.”可知，本文讲述了要更好地了解历史，就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。C(★)EricRaviliouswasoneofthegreatestwatercoloristsofthe20thcentury，lovedforhispaintingsoffamousEnglishlandmarks.Whilehewasamasterpainteranddesigner，hisanothergreatrolewasasawarartist.Amongthefinestandmostproductiveofhisgeneration，hediedwhileonactivedutyduringWorldWarⅡ.2022marksthe80thanniversaryofhisdeath，whichraisesthequestion：Whatmakesagreatwarartist?Ravilious’swarartisfamousforitsinnocenceandpurity.Ravilious’ssoftcolors，cartoon-likefigures，tranquiltidepoolsandskyeasetheapparentdangerandthreatonthebattlefield.StayingtruetohisstylewasoneofRavilious’sgreateststrengths.Fromhispaintingswecanseehisfirmcontrolofthewatercolor，hiscalmexpressionandattentiontodetail，showinghisextraordinaryinsightandexpression.Hedidnotfocusonstyle，butratheronhisattitudeandwayofexpression.Headdedastrongpersonaltouchtothethemes.Thatiswhyheisgreat.Heoftenworkedinverydangeroussituations：sometimespaintingonthedeckofamilitaryshipwithfightersflyingoverheadormovingatsuchspeedthathispaintsmightbeflyingeverywhere.Oneofhisfriendssaid，“Hiswarpaintingsareverymuchlikechildren’sdescriptionofwar.Isawalotofpaintingsbyrefugee(难民)childrenandadultsinIraq.TheyareverysimilartoEricRavilious’spaintings.Intheirrespectiveways，theyalldescribewarinaninnocentandalmostnaïve(幼稚的)manner.Infact，thecrueltyofwarcannotbeunderstoodbyeveryonebecauseitisinhumanandinhumane.”Heconcludes，“Seeninthislight，whatEricRaviliousdidenablesustolookatwarwithacalmmind.Thisistrulyspecial.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃里克·拉维利乌斯是20世纪最伟大的水彩画画家之一，同时他也是一位战争艺术家。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tranquil”inparagraph2mean?A．Broad.B．Peaceful.C．Dangerous.D．Extraordinary.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前句“Ravilious’swarartisfamousforitsinnocenceandpurity.”及画线词下文“easetheapparentdangerandthreatonthebattlefield”可知，拉维利乌斯的战争艺术(作品)因其纯真和纯粹而知名，他的作品中有柔和的色彩、卡通般的人物、宁静的潮汐池和天空，可以帮助缓解战场上的危险与威胁。由此可知，tranquil为“宁静的”之意。故选B。9．WhatmakesRaviliousagreatwarartist?A．Hispaintingtheme.B．Hisinnocenceandpurity.C．Hiscontrolofthewatercolor.D．Hisattitudeandstrongpersonalstyle.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“StayingtruetohisstylewasoneofRavilious’sgreateststrengths.”和“Hedidnotfocusonstyle，butratheronhisattitudeandwayofexpression.Headdedastrongpersonaltouchtothethemes.Thatiswhyheisgreat.”可知，拉维利乌斯的态度和强烈的个人风格让他成为伟大的战争艺术家。故选D。10．HowareEricRavilious’spaintingssimilartochildren’spaintings?A