北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题一、完形填空Samwaswaitingforataxiatthehospital.Hehadbookeditonthephoneafterhismedicaltreatment.He’dbeensufferingfromkidney(肾)failuresincelastyear.Duringthistime,hewasonthetransplantlist,butno1appeared.BillwasdrivingtovisitafriendwhenhisphonerangwiththerequestforSam’sridehome.ThetripwasoutofBill’sway.2,hetooktheorder,figuringifthepassengerwascomingfromahospital,helikelyneededaride.WhenSamgotintothecar,Billcouldseehewas3butingoodspirits.Asthetwosetout,theybeganchatting.“Samreally4thecarwithpositiveenergy,”saidBill,whotalkedalotwithSam.HelearntSamhadenjoyedvolunteeringinthecommunity,buthewasdoinglessbecauseofthetreatments.ThenSamrevealedhewassearchingforakidneydonor.Bill5he’dbeagooddonorcandidatebecausehedidn’tdrinkorsmoke.Samagreed,thoughhedidn’tthinkmuchofit.Bill,however,couldn’tstopthinkingaboutit.Billbelievedin6others,sodonatingakidneywassomethingalwaysonhismind.Plus,healreadylikedandrespectedSam.Whenapproachingthedestination,Billrepeated,“I’dseeifIcouldbeamatchtogiveyouakidney.”“Iwasshocked,”Samrecalled.Hewasshakingsohardthathecouldbarelywritehisnamewhenthey7contactinformation.Onceinsidehishome,heexcitedlytoldhiswife,“Thetaxidriverofferedhiskidneytome!”Aftertheinitialexcitement,Samstartedfeelingless8,wonderingifithadjustbeenanemotionalmoment.Wouldhehearfromhim?ButBillwas9tohisword.Hecontactedthehospitalsoon.Afteralongprocess,theresultscame:Theywereaperfectmatch.Thentheyhadtheirsurgery,whichwasa(n)10.Today,Samisdoingwell.Andthetwomenstillkeepintouch.Miraculously,achanceencounterturnedouttobealife-savingride.1．A．taxis B．matches C．orders D．patients2．A．Still B．Instead C．Moreover D．Therefore3．A．angry B．afraid C．weak D．forgetful4．A．litup B．piledinto C．fixedup D．sloweddown5．A．heard B．recalled C．joked D．complained6．A．treating B．helping C．accepting D．encouraging7．A．discussed B．repeated C．compared D．exchanged8．A．curious B．doubtful C．hesitant D．optimistic9．A．true B．close C．related D．blind10．A．waste B．honor C．mistake D．success二、阅读理解TheLighthouseBookProjectisanintensive,two-yearprogram.Itisaimedatgivingwritersofbook-lengthmanuscripts(文稿)theclasses,advice,andmoralsupporttheyneedtodraft,revise,and—mostimportantly—finish.Whetheryou’reworkingonanovel,shortstorycollection,ornarrativenonfiction,ourprogramguideswillworkcloselywithyoutochartapaththroughyourproject.Andattheendoftwoyears,you’llhaveamanuscriptyoucanbeproudofandasupportteamreadytohelpyoutakethenextsteps.Benefits●Individualizedguidance:You’llmeetyourguideonaregularbasistocheckyourprogress,reviewdraftsofyourwork,andsetgoalsforthefuture,keepingyouaccountableandontrackthroughouttheprogram.●Intensives:Threetimesayear,theBookProjectparticipantsgatherforaweekendofclassesledbyspecialguestauthorsandourpublishingexpert,groupmeetings,participantreadings,greatmealsandplentyofsocialtime.●Manuscriptfeedback:You’llreceivedetailedfeedbackonyourmanuscriptfromyourguideandthenasecondthoroughexaminationofyourcompletemanuscriptfromasecondreader,chosenfromourlistofLighthouseteachersandmanyotherfamouswriters.ApplicationsandTuition●Applications:ApplicationsareavailablestartingApril1,andthedeadlinetoapplyisJune22everyyear.Eachguideacceptssixapplicants,foratotalof36participatingwriters.●Componentsofapplications:awritingsampleupto30pages,aprojectoutline,twotothreerecommendationlettersfromyourcurrentorformerwritinginstructors,andashortpersonalstatement.●Tuition:$8,580peryear,or$715permonth.PartialtuitionassistanceisavailablethroughourBookProjectFellowship.Since2019,we’veseendealssignedforthirteenbooksfromourBookProjectparticipants.They’vehadnonfiction,shortstorycollections,novels,andmiddle-gradeworkssignedbythebestpublishers.Willyoubenext?11．TheLighthouseBookProjectpromisesthatparticipantswill________.A．gettheirbookspublishedeventuallyB．meettheirguideswhenevernecessaryC．finishwritingtheirworkswithin2yearsD．receivefeedbackonlyfromfamouswriters12．TobeaparticipantoftheLighthouseBookProject,youneedto________.A．applybeforeApril1 B．pay$715foroneyearC．stateyourpersonalinformation D．prepareyournovelupto36pages13．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassessnewwriters. B．Topromoteaprogram.C．Tocomparedifferentprojects. D．Tointroducethebestpublisher.In2014,ayearintoherretirement,MoragWarrackfoundherselfinavillagehallintheSurreyhills,surroundedbymiddle-agedmenthrowingeachotherontothefloor.“Whenenteringtheclassroom,Iwasterrifiedandthoughtallthesemenwouldbeshockedbyanoldwomanwalkingin,”shesays.“TheteacherencouragedmetostayandIrealizedtheywereallkindandcuriousaboutmebeingthere.Thatwasmyfirstexperienceoflearningaikido.”At59,Warrack,whohadrecentlyhandedinherresignation,beganreadinguponmindfulnesspractices.“ThemoreIlookedintomindfulness,themoreaikidokeptcomingup,”shesays.“Thesebookswererecommendingitasawaytoconnectthemind,bodyandspirit.”Attractedbytheidea,Warrackfoundalocalclasswhereshecouldtakeabeginners’session.Despiteherstruggles,Warrackkeptreturning.Whileherhusbandandtwochildrenweresupportive,theyweren’ttemptedtojoinin.“Theyjustthought:Mum’soffononeagain,”shesays.Warrackcarriedonand,aftertwoyearsofpractice,shebeganmovingupthegradedsystemofbeltrankingsandnoticingachangeinherself.“Aikidowasmakingmewaymoreconfident,”shesays,“Sincemyreactionsgotquicker,mybalancewasbetterandmycoordination(协调性)improved,Ihadarealunderstandingofmyownbodyanditbecameametaphor(比喻)forhowtobeinlife;howtoavoidattackwithouthurtingtheotherperson.”ByJanuary2019,Warrackwasdeterminedtoachieveherblackbeltandbegantrainingwiththeonlyotherpersoninherclasswhowasatthesamelevelasher:a181cmpoliceofficer.“Itwasaveryoddpairing.Notleastbecausehe’ssostrongandsoIhadtolearnhowtousemyskillsratherthanstrengthagainsthim,”shesays.InDecember2021,Warrack,attheageof66,tookherblackbelttest.For20minutes,shehadtodefendherpositionagainstattackersoneafteranotherbeforefacingthefinalrandori,wherefourpeopleattackatonce.“Oneguykickedmeandsplitmylip,”shelaughs.“Itmademesoangry,butthat’swhatIneededtokeepgoing.”Shepassed,makingheroneoftheoldestpeopletoachieveanaikidoblackbeltintheUK.14．HowdidMoragWarrackfeelwhenshefirstenteredtheaikidoclassroom?A．Curious. B．Disappointed. C．Confident. D．Frightened.15．Aftertwoyearsofpractice,Warrack________.A．grewmorepatient B．turnedintoabetterselfC．realizedherfullpotential D．becameawareofherweakness16．Inordertoachieveherblackbelt,Warrackhadto________.A．polishherskillsfurther B．improvehercoordinationC．avoidhurtingtheattackers D．seeksupportfromherfamily17．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Withagecomeswisdom. B．Thegreatestwealthishealth.C．It’salwaysagoodtimetolearn. D．Competewithhonorandwinwithgrace.Ourtravelsarenotlimitedtophysicaltime.Wealsoexperiencementaltimetravel.Wevisitthepastthroughourmemoriesandthenjourneyintothefuturebyimaginingwhattomorrowornextyearmightbring.Whenwedoso,wethinkofourselvesaswearenow,rememberwhoweoncewereandenvisionhowwewillbe.Arecentstudyexploreshowoneparticularbrainregionhelpstoknittogethermemoriesofthepresentandfutureselves.Whenpeoplesustainaninjurytothisarea,itleadstoadamagedsenseofidentity.Theregion,calledvmPFC,mayproduceafundamentalmodelofthepersonandplaceitinmentaltime.Whentheregiondoesso,itmaybethesourceofoursenseofself.It’salsofoundthatmemoriesthatreferencetheselfareeasiertorecall.Theybenefitfromwhatresearchershavecalledaself-referenceeffect.Inthestudy,theresearchersusedtheself-referenceeffecttoassessmemoriesofpresentandfutureselvesamongpeoplewhohadbrainlesions(损伤)tothevmPFC．ThescientistsworkedwithpeoplewithvmPFClesions,thencomparedthemwithacontrolgroupmadeupofpeoplewithinjuriestootherpartsofthebrainandhealthyindividuals.Theywereaskedtolistadjectivestodescribethemselvesandacelebrity,bothinthepresentandfuture.Later,theyhadtorecallthesesametraits.Itwasdiscoveredthatpeopleinthecontrolgroupcouldrecallmoreadjectiveslinkedtothemselvesthanadjectiveslinkedtothecelebrity.However,theparticipantswithvmPFClesionshadlittleornoabilitytorecallreferencestotheself,regardlessofthecontextoftime.Theiridentificationofadjectivesforcelebritieswasalsocomparativelyweak.Thesefindingsareintriguing,forthestudyhelpsusunderstandhowself-relatedmemoriesdependonthefunctionofthevmPFC．Butwhataboutourpastselves?Previousstudiesaskedpeopletoconsidertheirpastselves,buttherewasnoevidenceoftheself-referenceeffect.Ourpastselvesseemforeigntous,asiftheywereindividualsapartfromus.Oneideathatscientistshaveputforwardtounderstandthisdistinctionisthatperhapswearenotverykindinourjudgmentsofourpastselves.Insteadwemayberathercriticalofourpreviousbehavior,emotionsandpersonaltraits.Wemayuseourpastprimarilytoconstructamorepositiveself-imageinthepresent.Putanotherway,becausewemayrecognizeflaws(瑕疵)inourpastself’sbehavior,wetendtodistanceourselvesfromthepersonweoncewere.Therefore,bringingthepresentandfutureintothespotlightiscentraltounderstandingthewayourbrainandthoughtsshapeourcurrentselves.Andwiththeresearch,wehaveabetterideaaboutthewayasmallregionwithinourbrainisabletobuildandholdthecoreabilitytomaintainouridentity.18．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A．peoplewithvmPFClesionshaveabrokensenseofidentityB．vmPFC-injuredpeoplerecallcelebritiesbetterthanothersdoC．theself-referenceeffectplaysavitalroleinconsideringpastselfD．peopletendtoacceptpastselfafterrealizingtheirpreviousfaults19．AsforthefindingsoftherecentstudyonvmPFC,theauthoris________.A．critical B．doubtful C．approving D．unconcerned20．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TestingOurMemories B．CreatingOurSenseofSelfC．ThePowerofSelf-ReferenceEffect D．TheImportanceofMentalTimeTravelWithits1.2millionLEDlightsshiningbrightlyagainsttheLasVegasnight,theLasVegasSpheremaywellbetheultimatesymbolof2020soveruse.Butthatgiganticentertainmentspaceisalsosomethingelse:asymbolofthecomingconflictbetweenourclimategoalsandourseeminglyinsatiable(永不满足)appetiteforstuff.Inthe1990s,multicolorLEDlightswereinventedtopreventclimatedisastersbygreatlyreducingtheamountofelectricityweuse.Afterall,LEDlightsuse90percentlessenergyandlastaround18timeslongerthanincandescentbulbs(白炽灯).Yettheamountofelectricityweconsumeforlightgloballyisroughlythesametodayasitwasin2010.That’spartlybecauseofpopulationandeconomicgrowthinthedevelopingworld.Butanotherbigreasonisthatastechnologyhasadvanced,we’veonlygrownmorewasteful.There’saneconomictermforthis:theJevonsParadox,namedforthe19th-centuryEnglisheconomistWilliamStanleyJevons,whonoticedthatassteamenginesbecameevermoreefficient,Britain’sappetiteforcoalincreasedratherthandecreased.ThelogicofJevonsisthatinsteadofbankingtheefficiencysavingswemakeastechnologyadvances,wegooutandspendit.Today,youcanseeexamplesoftheParadoxeverywhere.WhenresidentsinEnglandinstalledhomeinsulation,theiroverallheatingenergydemandsoonrebounded,endingupataboutthesamelevelasitwasbefore:Theresidentshadapparentlychosentoturnuptheirthermostats(温控器)andliveinwarmerhomes.Thegoodnewsisthatinsomecasestheefficiencygainsaresogreatthatevenourinsatiableappetitefornewstuffcannotcompletelynegatethem.Today’scarenginesrequirelessfuel,eventhoughAmericansonaveragenowdrivelongerdistancesinheaviercars.However,thebadnewsisthattheJevonsParadoxseemstobehard-wiredintous.Therearefewexamplesthroughouthistoryofpeoplewillinglyconsuminglessenergy,eitherformoralorenvironmentalreasons.Forsome,thesolutionisobvious:Governmentsmustdomoretolimitourenergyuse,perhapsthroughregulationsortaxes.Aglobalcarbontaxwouldhelp—thoughthechancesofestablishingoneremainslim.AmoreinnovativeanswercomesfromRobWest,founderandchiefexecutiveofThunderSaidEnergy.HavingspentyearsdocumentingtheJevonsParadoxandfindingitfarmorewidespreadthaneconomistspredicted,hethinksthebesthopewehaveistofightJevonswithJevons.Thatmeansapplyingtheideathatconsumptionincreasesasgoodsbecomecheaperandmoreefficienttoourproductionofenergy.Inotherwords,thefutureliesnotinrationing(定量供应)energyandhopinghumanssuddenlychangetheirbehavior,butinensuringanyenergyweuseisasgreenandattractiveaspossible.21．WhydoestheauthormentiontheLasVegasSphere?A．Tohighlightaspace. B．Topredictanending.C．Toprovideasolution. D．Toexpressaconcern.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negate”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A．Putoff. B．Breakdown. C．Pushup. D．Wipeout.23．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．TheJevonsParadoxrequiresmoreexamples.B．Environmentalawarenessishard-wiredinhumans.C．Energyconsumptiongrowsastechnologyadvances.D．Efficiencygainsguaranteetherealizationofclimategoals.24．WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldRobWestmostprobablyagreewith?A．Thesolutionisalwaystofurtherenergyefficiency.B．Aglobalcarbontaxhasaidedinlimitingenergyuse.C．Humansareeagertochangetheirconsumptionbehavior.D．EconomistshaveoverestimatedtheeffectoftheJevonsParadox.Highlysensitiveperson,orHSP,isatermcoinedbypsychologistElaineAron.Accordingtoresearch,ineveryfivepeople,there’soneHSP.25HSPshavestrongself-consciousness;theymaystruggletoadapttonewcircumstances,demonstrateseeminglyinappropriateemotionalresponsesinsocialsituations,andeasilybecomeuncomfortableinresponsetolight,soundorcertainphysicalsensations.26Thepowerofinsensitivitycanbeinterpretedas“sluggish(迟缓的)power”.Usually,peopleassociate“insensitivity”withsomethingbad,butinsensitivitydoesnotequaldullness.27Thatis,calmlyfacingthesetbacksanddowntimeinlifeandfirmlymovingtowardsone’sowndirection.Itisthe“meansandwisdomtowinabetterlife”,asaJapaneseauthorwritesinthebookThePowerofInsensitivity.Accordingtohim,theworldwillbebetterifwefocusonthemajorgoalsandstayinsensitivetoanythingelse.28Oneoftheimportantreasonsisthatbehindinsensitivityisstrongself-awarenessorself-confidence.Knowingyourselfisdifficult,butknowingyourselfcorrectlyisundoubtedlyanexcellentability.Oneofthequalitiessharedbymanysuccessfulpeopleis:theyallclearlyknowwheretheirstrengthsare,whattheywant,andwhatdirectiontogo.Topracticeinsensitivity,thefirststepistoavoidoverthinking.Resisttheurgetooveranalyzesituations,andredirectyourfocustowardsactionablestepswithinyourcontrol.Secondly,don’tpaytoomuchattentiontotheupsanddownsoflifeatthemoment.Rather,youshouldbelookingforward.Additionally,setclearboundaries.29Remembernottogettooinvolvedinotherpeople’sbusinessandsetlimitsthatkeepyousafefromoutsidepressures.Asauniquewisdomoflife,thepowerofinsensitivitygivescompletelynewinspirationtomodernpeople.Onceyoubecomeabit“blunt”andslowdownthepace,youwillfeelmorecomfortable.A．Everyonecanobtaintheabilitytobeinsensitive.B．That’swheretheneedtobeinsensitivecomesfrom.C．Itemphasizesdeterminationwhenitcomestodifficulties.D．Avoidfocusingtoomuchonwhatothersaredoingorthinking.E．Regardingrelationships,learntoviewtheproblemastwoparts.F．Beingahighlysensitivepersoncancomewithmanychallenges.G．Whycaninsensitivityallowapersontobetteradaptinacompetitiveenvironment?三、选词填空用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。annoy,

warn,

drama,

intelligent,

emotion30．Inrecentyears,youmayhavereadnewsaboutartificialcreatingitsownart,suchuspainting.31．Petsareoftentheoneswhoprovidesupportforthefamily.32．Thecigarettepackagecarriesahealthonit—“Smokingisharmfultohealth”.33．TheUSshortstorywriterO.Henryinrenownedforhisabsorbingplotsandendings.34．Hegotverywithmeaboutmycarelessness.四、语法填空阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Technologyhasimprovedmylifeinwaysthatstillsurpriseanddelightme.MyTV35(remember)howfarIgotinyesterday’sshow,evenifIdon’t!Icanwatchmypizza’sentirejourney36therestauranttomyhouse!Thesearemiracles.Buttherehavebeensacrifices,Ihaveturnedovermemoryandindependencetothemachines.Overthepast20years,I37(become)anxiousaboutproblemsthatdidn’tusetoexist,andindecisiveoverchoicesIneverusedtomake.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theexhibition—“BlossomsofDunhuang”38(hold)attheNationalArtMuseumofChinalastmonth.Itreflecteduponthe60-year-longcareerofafamousChineseartistChangShana.HerpassionforDunhuangwasinspiredbyherfather39wasalsoafamousartist.ChangShanahasdevoted40(she)topreservingtheartofDunhuang.41(ensure)thatthethousand-year-oldartliveson,she’snowworkingwithanonlineplatformtopromotethesaleofherworks.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whilemyfellowconferenceattendeeswere42(happy)discussingthedinnermenu,Iwastryingtostopapanicattack.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimethishadhappened.Duringgroupdiscussions,mybrainstopped43(function)andpanictookover.ForyearsIdidn’tknow44Ifeltlikethis.ButnowIknowthereason:Ihaveanervedisorder.Recognizingthisaspectofmyidentitybringsmenewworriesandhope.五、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Hoganwasoneofthegreatestgolfersofthe20thcentury,anaccomplishmentheachievedthroughtirelesspractice.Forhim,everypracticesessionhadapurpose.Hespentyearsbreakingdowneachphaseofthegolfswingandtestingnewmethodsforeachpart.Theresultwasnearperfection.Hoganfinishedhiscareerwithninemajorchampionships.Duringhisprime,othergolfersattributedhisremarkablesuccessto“Hogan’ssecret”.Today,expertshaveanewtermforhisstyleofimprovement:deliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticereferstoaspecialtypeofpracticethatispurposefulandsystematic.Whileregularpracticemightincludemindlessrepetitions,deliberatepracticerequiresfocusedattentionandisconductedwiththespecificgoalofimprovingperformance.WhenHogancarefullyreconstructedeachstepofhisgolfswing,hewasengagingindeliberatepractice.Hewasfinelytuninghistechnique.Thegreatestchallengeofdeliberatepracticeistoremainfocused.Inthebeginning,showingupandputtinginyourrepeatedpracticeisthemostimportantthing.Butafterawhilewebegintocarelesslyoverlooksmallerrorsandmissdailyopportunitiesforimprovement.Thisisbecausethenaturaltendencyofthe