（公文写作）考研英语写作B部分命题的特点和规律

（公文写作无需积分，无需回复，只要你带宽足够大，你资料就足够多！大家网考研论坛/forum-28-1.html真正的全免费公益性考研论坛，等待您的光/forum-28-1.html收集整理，转载请注明出自4~10贸易组织后的中国经济发展的现实问题，也可以谈孩子的教育问题，20022009200820072005200420032002200120002002“Culture-NationalandInternational”。首先，中心词为“文化”，观察图片发现是一个身着中第二，考生要注意题目中的文字说明，看文字说明要做到看清主、谓、宾。比如，20012009膜。200620022009：1)describethedrawingbriefly2)explainitsintendedmeaning3)giveyourcomments。由于这些写作要求类似于提纲，图画式作2/3。Waller,Texas,isasmalltownforallotherformsofcivilization.Thereisnomovietheater,nobowlingalley,andcertainlynomall.ThisplacedoesnthaveaWalMart.ResidentsofWallerhaveallheardthesaying：“ThereareonlytwothingsforkidstodoinWaller,andoneofthemisdrinking.”Thismayseemhumorousatfirst,but,unfortunately,thereissometruthtoit.ⒸAdepartmenthasthelowestsalesfigureinthethreedepartments,followedbytheB.departmentC.②ThefigureofAisabouttwiceasmuchasthatofⒸTheincomefromsalesis10million,makingthecompanythehighestonein④TheA'sincomereaches20million,whichisinthemiddleoftheⒸTheriselastedfortwoweeksandthenbegantoleveloffin②Thetrend/increasesloweddowninⒸThetrendofincreasingworkinghoursbegantogainmomentuminJanuary.④Priceswentupby50%，butthenumberofsmokersⒸItpickedupspeedattheendofthis常用词汇及表达法：increase,decrease,rise,fall,slowdown,leveloff,pickupspeed,maintain,drop,thetrendreverses,decline,gain/losemomentum,asteady/substantial(实质性的)increase,aminor/slight/dramaticdrop。ⒸItaccountsfor30%ofthetotal②Thereare4memberswithmaster'sdegrees,makingupnearlyaquarteroftheⒸDoctorsmakeup40%ofthestaffintheⒸThefigureofincomeincreasedbyabout200%ascomparedwithtenyears②Thenumberofstudentshasreached200，indicatingariseof4%，comparedtolastyear.ThetwobarchartsindicatetheannualemissionsofCO2percapitaandpopulationsofsevencountries.IndustrializedcountriescertainlycontributemoretotheCO2levelsintheatmosphere,withtheUSatthetop -3.93tonspercapitaperyear.ItisfollowedbyJapanandtheUK,withemissionsof3.32tonsand2.15tonsrespectively.Thoughthesecountriesusuallydon'thavelargepopulations,theyconsumedisproportionatelylargequantitiesofnaturalresourcesandthereforearemoreblamedforglobalwarming.Developingcountries,ontheotherhand,usuallyhavelowerlevelsofemissions.China,forexample,hasthelargestpopulationinthelist.YetitsemissionofCO2percapitaisonly980kg,beingaboutaquarteroftheemissionleveloftheUS.AnothergoodexampleisKorea.Itspopulationisthesmallestinthelist,soisitspercapitaemissionofCO2ThechartsshownocorrelationbetweenemissionlevelsofCO2andthesizesofⒸThecurvesshow inacertain②Itcanbeseenthat (sth)fluctuatesquitesubstantiallyinthisⒸItjustincreases④Thepiechartsshowthechanges insomeplaceinⒸItcanbeseenfromthechartthattheproportionsofAB.aregoingdown,thoughthefallinglevelofthelatterisalothigher/lowerthanthatoftheformer⑥Theexpansionismorenoticeableduringthesecondhalfofthe8-yearⒸItfallsfrom30%ofthestaffin1990to20%in1998andthenthetrendreverses,finishingat34%in2000.⑧AndAishigherB.exceptforthemonthsJunetoSeptember. dropsdramaticallyfromabout inJanuaryto ⑨Thefallingtrendlevelsofffrom to ， (sth)goesallthewayupto andthenitbeginstodropto.法。例如：1995：(1)Presentsituation.(2)Necessityoftheproject.(3)Mysuggestion.它要求考生解释说明“希望工程”，分析Nowadays,China'seconomyisfastdeveloping.People'slivingstandardhasimprovedalot.Insomeareas,however,therearestillmanypeoplelivingbelowthepovertyline.Theyhavedifficultiesfortheverybasicslikefoodandclothes,letalonegettinggoodeducation.Whatcanwedotohelptheselessdevelopedareasinourcountry?IthinkwecandothefollowingFirstofall,thegovernmentandoursocietymustpaymoreattentiontotheselessdevelopedareas.Thegovernmentshouldspendmoremoneyonthebasicconstructionprojectsintheseareasinsteadofspendingitonculturalandartisticprojectsincities.Itshouldalsoencouragesomeprivateenterprisesandcompaniestodonatetothesepoorareas.Secondly,transportationisveryimportantinlessdevelopedareas.Weshouldhelpthembuildmorerailwaysandmoreroadssothatthelocalpeoplecanbenefitfromtheconvenienttransportation.Itcanalsopromotetheircommunicationwithdevelopedareas.Finally,technologyisnecessaryindevelopingeconomyintheseareas.Poorfarmersshouldbetaughttechnologyandnewskillsandshouldhaveeasieraccesstomoneyinthebank,suchasgettingloanstostartbusinesses.Allinall,solongaswecontinueoureffortstohelptheselessdevelopedareas,theseareaswillshakeoffpovertysoonerorlater.WriteanarticletoanEnglishnewspaperdiscussinglaid-offworkersandre-employmentinChina.Inyourarticleyoushoulddescribebrieflythepresentsituationofanalyzethecausesofgiveadviceforre-Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEETThereisanincreasingnumberofworkers,notonlythemiddle-agedbutalsotheyoungwhoarelaidofffromtheirjobs.Somelaid-offsthusbecomepoverty-strickenandcanhardlysupporttheirchildrentocontinuetheirstudies.Andthoseemployedarealsoworriedagreatdealthatsomedaytheymaylosetheirjobs.Thisphenomenonhascaughtgreatattentioninsociety.Inordertomaintainsocialstability,manyre-employmentservicecentersarebeingsetuptogivethelaid-offsahelpinghand.Theincreasingnumberoflaid-offworkersiscausedmainlybytheindustrialrestructuringandeconomicdevelopmentacrossthecountry.Inmarketeconomy,theenterpriseshavetoreduceworkforceortheredundant.Anotherreasonisthatsomeenterprisesclaimbankruptcyowingtotheirpoormanagementandbackwardproductstructure,whichmademillionsofworkersjobless.LaborersfromthecountrysidearealsocontributingtotheincreasingnumbersoftheOff-jobdoesn'tmeannojob.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthelaid-offworkerstobere-employed.TakeShanghaiforexample,thecityisdevelopingintoaninternationaleconomiccenter,shiftingitsoldlaborintensiveindustriesoutofthecityandreplacingthemwithnewenterprises.Butthereisafundamentalrequirementforthelaid-offsiftheywanttobeenrolledinthesenewposts.Theymusthavecertainskills.Tomanylaid-offworkers,theyhavetogetjobtrainingtomakethemselvesqualifiedandcompetitiveinthehumanresourcesmarket.Thefirstkeyfactortosuccessisdiligence,(what)whichsimplymeansnowasteoftime.IthinkyouwillmakethedecisionaccordingtothefollowingHow?Why?Where?What?等问题来把主题具体化，选定限定词。主题句的Therelationshipisnotgood.whatkindofrelationships,towhatextent：Therelationshipbetweenfamilymembersisnotascloseasbefore.Clothesplayapartinourlife.此句没有限定写作的大体内容或方式，(是衣服的时尚主题句具体化。改为：ClothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleareHethoughthighlyofherandhelpedhertofindjobsofteachingatseveralFromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthedangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.BeforeChina'sentryintotheWTO,thecommonpeoplewereoptimisticaboutwhataccesswouldmean,believingthatifjoiningwerenotbeneficial,thegovernmentwouldnothavespent15yearsnegotiatingforitsentry.Theywereperhapsthinkingthatwhenthedaycame,thepriceofphonecallswouldbelower,andalsohouserentsandthatinsuranceserviceswouldbebetter.Buttheyneglecttheprospectofunemploymentandotherdomesticcrisis.SinceChinajoinedtheWTO,somepeople,owingtoadvancedageandlimitedexperience,mayfinditdifficulttokeeptheirwork.Ms.Yang,aged50，worksasacleanerinanofficebuilding,andherannualincomeisabout20000yuan.ShehassignedupforanEnglishlanguagetrainingcourse,thecostofwhichismuchmorethanherannualincome.WhyEnglish?English-basedsuccessstorieshaveindicatedtotheChinesethatEnglishmeansopportunities,wealth,andprospects.ExampleReformingandopeninguphavehelpedthevillagerstoliveacomfortablelife.(主题句)Before1983thevillagepracticedacollectiveownershipsystem,wherebythevillagerspickedandbakedtealeavestogether.Lifewashardandtheirincomemeager,sotheyhadnoincentivetoworkhard.“Wegotrichafterthefieldswereparceledouttohouseholdsin1983，”saysSunJinrong.Sincethen,thevillagershavetilledtheirownplots.Havinglearnedtofollowthelawsofthemarketeconomyandcompetition,theirlivingstandardshavegreatlyExampleIholdtheviewthatchildrencanplaycomputergamesintheirsparetime,andthereasonsareexploredasfollows.First,computergamesshouldbeplayedmoderately,withthecontrolofparents.Itcanhelpchildrentorelaxandimprovetheirefficiencyintheirstudies.Second,playingcomputergamesmoderatelycanofferchildrenchancestodeveloptheircreativity,whichisessentialfortheirsuccessinstudy.Third,playingcomputergamescanbroadenchildren'sknowledge.Itiswell-knownthatamachinewillbreakdownifitkeepsrunningwithoutastop.Similarly,ifachildkeepsstudyingwithoutrelaxation,hewillbetiredout.Andifachildspendsallthistimestudying,hewillbecomeadullboyintheivorytower.Ambitionislikecholer(胆汁)，whichisahumour,thatmakesmenactive,earnest,fullofalacrity,andstirring,ifitbenotstopped.Butifitbestopped,andcannothaveitsway,itbecomesangry,andmalign.Soambitiousmen,iftheyfindthewayopenfortheirrising,andstillgetforward,they'reratherbusythandangerous;butiftheybecheckedintheirdesires,theybecomesecretlydiscontent,andlookuponmenandmatters,withanevileye.Hemophiliaiscalledthebleeder'sdiseasebecausetheafflictedperson'sbloodisunabletoclot.Beforeastopsignwasputup,therewereonehundredandtwentyaccidentsthereinayear.Afterastopsignwasputup,therewereonlyfortyaccidentsinayear.HavingthestopsigntheredecreasedthenumberofaccidentsThekitchenwasinamess.Alongtheleftwallwerethecounterandsinkcoveredwithdirtydishesandgarbage.Onthefarwallthewashingmachinegroanedunderaloadoffilthyclothes.RightnexttothedoorwhereIwasstanding,onmyright,Isawatableclutteredwitholdnewspapers,anoverturnedcatsupbottle.Atthefarendoftherightwalltherefrigeratorstoodwithdoorajar.ItwasthemessiestkitchenIhadeverseen.TheBeijingsubwayistoadoptinternationalsigns.(主题句)TheChinesecharactersoriginallyusedforeast,west,southandnortharetobereplacedbythelettersA,B,C.andD.ThesubwayoperatorexplainedthatthefourChinesecharactersindicatingdirectionsnolongermeettheneedsofpassengers,giventhediversityofsubwaystationsandincreasesinthenumberofentrancesandexits.(Therefore,universalsignsusedworldwidewillbeadopted.(果)Themainreasonwhyprofessorsshouldgivefrequentexams(果)isthatwhentheydoandwhentheyprovidefeedbacktostudentsonhowwellthey'redoing,studentslearnmoreinthecourseandperformbetteronmajorexams1).Moreover,Ifstudentshadfrequentexamsinalltheircourses,theywouldhavetoschedulestudytimeeachweekandgraduallywoulddevelopahabitoffrequentstudy2).Itisverydifficulttoevaluateanotherperson'sperformanceobjectively.Forexample,Janerecentlywroteirresponsibleremarksaboutherinstructorbecauseshewasfailingthecourse.HerfriendSamwroteagreatdescriptionofthesameinstructorbecausehewasreceivinganAinthecourse.BothJaneandSamwerenotfairlyevaluatingtheinstructor.Theywereinfluencedbythegradestheywereearningandwerebiasedintheirjudgement.“Thewolfhascome!”Nooneknowswhogavethefirstwarning,butitmadealargeimpactontwomaingroups：thecommonpeopleandentrepreneurs.Thecommonpeoplehopedthatitwouldmeanmoreinexpensivecommodities,whileentrepreneursworriedaboutencirclementbytransnationalcompanies.AA1AB.AB.BB.Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmymind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.Tokeepourselvesalive,weneedallkindsofnutrition.1)Eatingisthemostimportantwaybywhichwecangetstarch,protein,vitamin,sugar,fat,andsometraceelements.2)Ontheotherhand,weeatnotonlybecausewehavetodoso,butalsobecauseweenjoydoingso.Havingsatisfiedourhunger,eatingcanthenbeakindofenjoyment.Thecolor,thesmell,andthetasteofthefoodareconsideredasimportantasitsnutritivevalue.Veryoftenweeatsomefoodnotbecauseitisnourishingbutsimplybecausewelikeit.Similarly,toenrichourminds,weneedinformationandknowledge,whichcanbeobtainedthroughreading.1)Readingisoneofthemostimportantwaysoflearning.Withoutreadingourmindswillbecomeemptylikethatofananimal.2)Sometimes,wetakereadingasapastime,andwerelaxandlearnatthesametime.Sincerecreationisinvolved,wewillnaturallyhaveapartialityforsomeparticularkindsofbooks,justaswedoforcertainkindofBesides,thereareothersimilaritiesbetweeneatingandreading.1)Weshouldnoteattoomuchwithoutdigestingandassimilating,norshouldwereadtoomuchwithoutunderstandingandremembering.2)Whileweareeating,weshouldleaveouttherottenpartofthefoodwhichwilldoharmtoourhealth;andwhilewearereading,weshouldbeabletorejectthepoisonouscontentinabook,foritwillpoisonourminds.So,eatsensiblyandreadsensiblytogiveyourselfastrongbodyandahealthy“Bethefirsttobeconcernedwiththeworld'stroublesandthelasttoenjoyworldlyhappiness.”FanZhongyan,ascholaroftheSongDynasty,expresseseloquentlytheloftyspiritofChineseintellectualsinhismaxim.OnrealizingthatthecauseofChina'slackofdevelopmentwasitsbackwardnessinscienceandtechnology,manymodernscholarsaccordinglywenttoWesterncountriestoWhyareforeignerssogladthatbarriershavebeendismantled?Chinahasapopulationof1.2billion,andUS$1000billionofGDP.Itisacountrywithoneofthefastesteconomicgrowthratesintheworld.China'sentryintotheWTOwillthereforeenablealleconomicentitiesintheworldtoexpandtradeandinvestment,bringingbenefitstoenterprises,consumersandworkersinthesecountries.Itisreportedthatfrom1995to1998，thenumberofcarsinShanghairoseattherateof20%，buttheaveragespeedofcarsdroppedattherateof30%.Itshouldbenoticedthat43%ofaddedcarsduringtheperiodof1995~1998isprivatecars.Thereforesomepeoplepointoutthatthemosteffectivewaytosolvethetrafficproblemistobanprivatecars.ButIthinktheyhavegoneextremelyfaraway.Thisreportisdividedintothreemainsections：whatequipmentyouneed,howtouseequipment,andhowtomaintainequipment.Onthewhole,lifeinChinahasbecomebetterafter30years,Ordinarypeoplenowenjoyamorecolorfullifethanbefore.Thoughsomeproblemshavearisenintheprogress,westillcan'tdenythispositivetrend.(2)ItisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoredresssuchItishightimethatweshouldurgeanimmediateendtothisphenomenon.Psychologicalhealthoftheyouthshouldbeconcernedbyoursociety.Onbeingadvisedbyhisschoolthatheshouldleaveafterfailingseveralexams,aBeijinguniversitystudentdecidedtocommitsuicide,butfirstkilledhisfatherandgrandmothersoastosparetheirgriefathisowndeath.A13-year-oldSichuanProvincegirlranawayfromhomerecentlyinpursuitofherfavoritemoviestar,andhasnotbeenseensince.Isn'tthereanythingwrongwithpsychologicalhealthoftheyouth?Allofuswishforabrightfutureandhopetomasterausefulcareer.Thosewhopersistinremainingidlewillneverfulfilltheirambitions,“Nopains,nogains”isamottowithmuchmeaning.Meditateandlivebyit.China'sreformshavebroughtChinaalotofbenefitsandhavechangedChinesepeople'slifeagreatdeal.Alivelyatmospherehasprevailedinallwalksoffieldsthroughoutthecountry.Thenationaleconomyhasbeenthrivingandnationaldefensehaseverbeenconsolidated.Inscienceandtechnology,quitealotofachievementshavebeenmade.Certainly,theprogressmadeinallfieldshasledtotheraiseoflivingstandardforChinesepeople.firstofall,foronething,foranother,tobeginwith,first,second,next,inthefirst(second)place,furthermore,moreover,beyondthat,also,besides,inaddition,whatismore,suchas,finally;forexample,forinstancesince,because(of)，as,for,owingto,resultfrom,dueto,onaccountof,onthegroundof,asaresultofatthesametime,assoonas,sofar,since,then,until,when,meanwhile,shortly,later,lately,afterawhile,atthattime,before,earlier,presently,inthemeantime,formerlycloseto,closeathand)，nextto,down,far,beyond,againstontheoppositeside(相对的)，oppositeto,above,across,acrossfrom,around,atthebottom,before,behind,below,beneath,between,inthemiddleof,inthedistance,inthecenterof,farther,ontheleft/rightinotherwords,again,ashasbeenpointedout,torepeat,asIhavesaidabove,onceagain,afterall,indeed,infact,truly,ofcourse,chiefly,especially,certainly,actually,particularly,tobesure,aboveall,surely,mostimportantofall,evenworse,nodoubt,needlesstosayso,then,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaresult,accordingly,forthisreason,asaconsequence,onthataccount,itfollowsthattosumup,insummary,tosummarize,inshort,inbrief,tobebrief,inotherwords,onthewhole,inconclusion,toconclude对照：but,however,yet,or,nevertheless,still,nonetheless,conversely,nor,rather,whereas,thought,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,bycontrastwith/to,incontrast(with/to)，eventhough,instead,unlike,differentfrom,instead(of)，theopposite(of)，unlike,although,while,but对比：similarly,likewise,like,as,atthesametime,infact,too,inthesameway,inalikemanner,both,each,also,comparedwithⒸMoralcorruptionA.istotheStateB.asphysicaldiseaseC.istoanindividualbodyD..(ABCD.②Justaswoodsareindispensabletobirds,soistheearthtohumanbeings.(正ⒸAsfaraspersonalityisconcerned,TomA.andPeterB.havealmosteverythingincommon.(AB④MyhobbyA.issimilartohisB.inthatwebothlikecollectingrecords,foreignanddomestic.(ABⒸAstheeconomiesofallcountriesarecloselyinterrelatednocountrycandevelopinself-seclusion.ThesameistrueofChina.(Thesameistrueof.Thesamecanbesaidof...也是如此)ⒸBeijingA.ispopulousandcrowded,whileCanberraB.isjusttheB②China'sconditionA.differsfromoursB.inthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.(ABⒸWhileitmaybetruethatbasketballandvolleyballsharecertainfeatures,theexcitementeacharousesinthespectatorsisnotthesame.(…是不相同的)ⒸItseemssafetosaythattheadvantagesofmarriageoutweighthedisadvantagesofdivorce.(利大于弊)②Perhapsnothingcanrivalthepleasurefromreading.ⒸTherecouldbenodoubtthatjob-hoppinghasitsdrawbacksaswellas④MenA.maybesuperiortowomenB.inphysicalaffairs.Yet,thereisnodifferenceinintelligence.(AB.ⒸPeople'sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.(…ⒸSomepeopleargueasifitisageneraltruththat，Icannotagreewiththemforthefollowingreasons..Buttobefrank②Accordingto/Ascanbeseeninfigures/statistics/thefindings/datareleased/providedbythegovernment/aninstitute,.ⒸThereareseveral/manycauses/reasonsforthisdramatic/significantgrowth/change/decline/increasein.④TherearenolessthanthreeadvantagesinasrenderedⒸThereasonsarechieflyas⑥AnotherreasonwhyIadvocatetheattitudeofisⒸLastbutnot⑧WhatisⒸAsiaranksfirstbothinareaandinpopulationamongthesevenContinents.EuropeissecondtoAsiainpopulation,butinareaitisthelastbutone.②Weallhopethatacountry'spopulationshouldbeinproportiontoitsarea,unfortunatelytherealityoftengoesagainstourwill.ⒸAisafarlargeruniversity,beingoverthreetimesasbigasⒸThispictureshows，，aswecanseeintheupperhalfofthepicture.However,thelowerhalfofthepictureshowsthat..Atthebeginning②AsisrevealedintheⒸAsthesurveyresults④Aswecouldfindoutlaterinthisunit,hisplanwasnotquiteashehadⒸThistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparisonbetweenthetwouniversities.Ascanbeindicatedinthetable,thehousingspaceforthestaffofAin1995was34500squaremeters,whichnearlydoubledtheB'scorrespondingfigu