第四章第一节油脂上课

第四章第一节油脂上课含碳原子数比较多得脂肪酸1、什么叫高级脂肪酸？2、什么就是酯化反应？酸(有机酸或无机酸)与醇反应,生成酯与水得反应叫做酯化反应。CH3COOH+HOCH2CH3CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O浓H2SO4

eg:硬脂酸(C17H35COOH)、软脂酸(C15H31COOH)、油酸(C17H33COOH)、亚油酸(C17H31COOH

)等(油酸甘油酯)一种高级脂肪酸甘油酯3C17H33COOH+CHOHCH2OHCH2OH

浓H2SO４CH2OOCC17H33CHOOCC17H33+3H2OCH2OOCC17H33甘油与油酸得酯化反应一、油脂得组成与结构就是由多种高级脂肪酸与甘油反应生成得酯,属于酯类。(甘油三酯)C、H、O油——常温呈液态脂肪——常温呈固态1、定义:3、组成:2、分类:脂肪(动物油脂固态)油(植物油脂液态)4、油脂得结构(1)R1、R2、R3可以代表饱与烃基或不饱与烃基。(2)如果R1、R2、R3相同,这样得油脂称为简单甘油酯;如果R1、R2、R3不相同,称为混合甘油酯。(3)天然油脂大都为混合甘油酯,且动、植物体内得油脂大都为多种混甘油酯得混合物,无固定熔、沸点。常见得油脂随堂训练——判断正误:1、简单甘油酯就是纯净物,混合甘油酯就是混合物。2、油脂没有固定得熔沸点3、油脂都不能使溴水退色4、食用油属于酯类,石蜡油属于烃类5、精制得牛油就是纯净物(错)(对)(错)(对)(错)二、油脂得物理性质

1、密度比水得密度小;

2、有明显得油腻感;

3、不溶于水,易溶于有机溶剂,就是一种良好得有机溶剂;4、当高级脂肪酸中烯烃基多时大多为液态得油;(植物油)当高级脂肪酸中烷烃基多时,大多为固态得脂肪。(动物油)三、油脂得化学性质思考:1、油脂属于酯类,应具有什么性质？2、当分子中含有不饱与键时,油脂还应当具有什么性质？如何检验？3、若想将油变为脂肪仍作食物,应与什么物质通过什么反应得到？1、油脂得水解酸性条件下:C17H35COOCH+3H2O

3C17H35COOH+CHOHCH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2

H2SO4(硬脂酸甘油酯)(硬脂酸)(甘油)硬脂酸甘油酯+水硬脂酸+甘油1mol油脂完全水解得产物就是3mol高级脂肪酸与1mol甘油C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2碱性条件下:皂化反应油脂在碱性条件下得水解反应肥皂得主要成分钠肥皂(硬肥皂)与钾肥皂(软肥皂)CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2CH2OH→C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→12大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流

NaOH溶液加热油脂肥皂、甘油、水等的混和液加入细食盐加热、搅拌分层皂化盐析加填充剂(松香、硅酸钠等)压滤、干燥成型下层：甘油、食盐水等上层：肥皂液成品肥皂肥皂得制取原理:皂化、盐析、成型加入食盐细粒,使高级脂肪酸从混合物中析出而浮于液面食盐得作用:降低高级脂肪酸钠盐得溶解度