考点27 阅读理解之主旨大意题（核心考点精讲精练）高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考）原卷版

考点27阅读理解之主旨大意题（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布年份试卷类型篇序体裁词数话题考点分布细节理解推理判断主旨大意词义猜测2024新高考全国I卷A应用文199人与社会：栖息地修复工作队志愿者招募3000B夹叙来议文296人与社会：美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物0310C说明文339人与社会：纸质阅读与数字阅读在学习效果上的差异1201D说明文358人与自然：现代生物采样数据的科学性1300新高考全国II卷A(应用文290人与自然：四种徒步活动3000B说明文276人与社会：：旧金山湾区快速交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭2200C说明文268人与社会：巴比伦微农场2110D说明文321人与社会：图书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》0301全国甲卷A应用文226人与社会：哈佛社区的ARTSFIRST艺术节2100B说明文302人与自然：了解猫的行为1111C说明文267人与社会：提供医疗服务的圣卢卡斯列车1300D说明文348人与社会：谈论文学作品的最佳结局1300北京卷A应用文240人与自我：语言交流项目3000B记叙文354人与自我：1300作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性C议论文408人与社会：讨论科学问题：宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生成的0301D说明文384人与社会：人类道德准则的形成过程及人类建立道德准则的标准1110浙江1月卷A应用文233人与社会：音乐剧《汤姆·索亚:河流历险记》3000B记叙文338人与社会：感受电话亭变迁1300C议论文313人与自然：加拿大Alberta防雹千预计划之争3100D说明文339人与自我：儿童棉花糖实验引发思考11102023新高考全国I卷A应用文209人与社会：自行车租赁广告3000B记叙文340人与自然：微生物处理净化废水1300C说明文322人与社会：数字时代如何做到极简生活1201D说明文339人与社会：“群体智慧”效应的基本原理1210新高考全国II卷A应用文256人与自然：今年息季在黄石国家公园举办的一系列护林员项目3000B记叙文273人与社会：UrbanSprouts学校园艺项目2110C说明文321人与社会：图书《阅读艺术:图书爱好者的艺术》1201D说明文320人与自然：城市中自然场所的存在对居民的健康至关重要3100全国甲卷A应用文263人与社会：开启曼谷美食之旅的建议3000B记叙文277人与社会：DIY能手TerriBolton的故事1201C说明文333人与社会：一本有关哲学的书唤起作者对哲学的热爱1300D说明文319人与自然：美国灰熊的生存环境和生存状况2200全国乙卷A应用文229人与社会：四位从事医学实践的女性的生平和经历3000B记叙文311人与自我：一名专业的风景摄影师的生活和拍照经历1300C说明文295人与社会：电视烹饪节目对英国人烹饪习惯和观念的影响2200D议论文343人与社会：要客观公平地讲述历史不仅需要文字资料，也需要实物史料加以佐证0211北京卷A应用文237人与社会：国际奥林匹克委员会青年领袖计划3000B记叙文386人与自我：被拒绝也不是坏事，这意味着你能重新确定自己的方向。1300C说明文366人与社会：人类社会发展中人们的短视现象0300D说明文429人与社会：AI对现代生活的影响0211浙江1月卷A应用文220人与社会：儿童露营的内客与安排3000B夹叙夹议346人与社会：零废弃的生活方式0211C说明文314人与社会：软件程序“ProjectDebater”以及它明显的缺陷0301D说明文318人与自然：旧式太阳能农场的弊端:破坏土壤22002022A应用文235人与社会：课程评分办法3000新高考全国I卷B夹叙夹议文347人与自然：日常生活食物浪费现象3100C说明文298人与社会：关爱养老院老人的养鸡项目1201D说明文341人与自我：人类语言发展的研究2110新高考全国II卷A应用文235人与社会：儿童博物馆团体游2100B记叙文324人与社会：媒体记者对新媒体时代的感悟2101C说明文289人与社会：禁止开车使用手机1111D说明文356人与自我：有氧运动延缓甚至逆转心脏衰老2200全国甲卷A应用文287人与社会：英国卡迪夫市艺术剧院3000B说明文255人与自然：鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验2110C记叙文305人与社会：难忘的南极之旅1111D说明文340人与社会：悉尼新旧文化冲突2110全国乙卷A应用文194人与社会：苏格兰画家画展信息3000B说明文319人与社会：介绍DorothyWickenden的书籍2200C说明文314人与社会：无人机在铁路交通中的应用0211D说明文325人与社会：英国征收糖税的起因及效果3100北京卷A应用文281同伴辅助学习课程(PASS)3000B记叙文348参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑3100C说明文415解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维1200D议论文400量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？1111浙江1月卷A记叙文353Merebeth--自营宠物运输专家。0201B说明文283文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。0300C说明文342经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。31002.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】根据表格分析可知，近三年来阅读理解主旨大意题考查共17次，主要考查：1.标题归纳题2.文章大意题3.段落大意题【备考策略】1、关注每一段的起始句。说明文往往开门见山，作者一般会在文章的起始部分就直接介绍所要阐述的事物或表达的观点。我们需要关注每一段的起始句，以便明确段落的主要内容。就像文章开篇段落能让读者知晓文章主旨一样，第一段的第一句话通常也具有关键作用。理解这第一句话能助力考生在有限的时间内把握段落的主旨要点。2、关注每一段的末尾句。一个段落由主旨句、支撑细节和总结句这三部分构成。在段落结尾，作者会通过不同的方式再次强调主旨句，从整体篇章来看，每个段落末尾的句子还起到了承上启下的作用，作者会借助它引出下文。认真阅读末尾句能帮助考生准确预测下文内容，辨别段落之间的逻辑联系。3、关注承上启下的逻辑关系。有时候段落起始句不是本段概括，而是前一段的总结。利用这句话可以判断出上一段的主旨大意。而末尾句有时是提示下文，这样就可以利用这个句子判断出下一段的主旨大意。无论是起始句还是末尾句，考生既要借助它们的总结概括功能，也要充分利用它们来分析篇章中段落之间的逻辑关系。4、关注段落的第二句话。有时段落第一句话是总结上文，起着衔接作用，此时段落的第二句话，才是本段的主旨句。5、关注核心词，概括总结。对于一些段落，往往没有明确的主题句，这就需要考生在认真感受和明确作者意图的基础上，对段落大意进行概括总结。【命题预测】预测2025年高考英语阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主旨大意题仍然会以标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题为主。【必备基础知识】一、【命题解读】主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。【常考类型】+【解题策略】题型1段落大意题每个段落都有一个中心思想,且中心思想通常会在段落的首句或尾句体现出来,这个句子就是常说的段落主题句。没有给出明显的主题句时,要根据段落内容概括出段落大意题型2文章大意题考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,即考查考生的归纳概括能力题型3标题归纳题概括出文章的中心思想,并对中心思想再次加以提炼,拟定出文章的标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子01主旨大意题之标题归纳题解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。【常见设问形式】①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？③Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?【解题技巧】第一步：明确标题的三大特点。概括性——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。第二步：确定文章标题。1.利用正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2.利用反面否定法：根据备选项设想用写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照；第三步：主题句总结概括确定文章标题。先研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等，然后读完全文。根据文章主旨大意及段落主旨大意及标题的特征，得出结论，再核对选项。做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；以事实、细节替代文章大意。【2022年北京卷】Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Inaworldwhereeveryonehastheirownopinionsonjustabouteverything,it’scommonforpeopletobecriticalofeachother’smistakesandimperfectionswithoutnoticingtheirown.Someindividualsmistakenlythinkit’stheirresponsibilitytomakeyouintoabetterperson.Theydothisbyfirstpointingoutyourshortcomingsdirectlyandthenprovidingadviceonhowyoucanimprove.Sowhatisthepossiblesolutiontocriticism?Ifyouaretheoneforcingotherstofeelashamedofthemselves,pleasestop.Makeaconsciousdecisionratherthanhighlightthenegativeaspectofaperson’sperformanceorattitudes.Youaremorelikelytoofferhelpfulsuggestionsfromthebeginning.Ifyouareonthereceivingendofcriticism,the“OK”responseisaperfectsolution.Whensomeonecommentsnegativelyonataskyouaredoingorapersonalityissueofyours,anaturalresponseistodefendandattack.However,thisapproachisrarelyeffectiveasitputsbothpartiesonthedefensive.Instead,simplyreplywith“OK”.Thisbriefone-wordresponseacknowledgestheotherperson’scommentwithoutagreeingwithitorfeelingnecessarytoengageinadebateaboutit.It’scrucialtostayconnectedtowhattheotherpersonistalkingabout,andlistenwithoutgettingupset,tobeanobjectiveobserver.Infact,thereismuchthatonecanlearnfromanegativereview.Youcanaskyourself:DidImakeamistake?CouldIhavedonebetter?DidIgive100%ofmyselftothetaskathand?Ifso,howcanIimprovemyself?Asforchroniccriticizers:Itisimportanttosetstrictboundarywiththem.Removeyourselffromtheirpresencewhennecessary.Inanycase,onecanlearntobe“OK”withcriticismandnotallowittonegativelyimpactyourlifeorrelationshipwiththeotherparty.20．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheArtofGivingCriticism B．MasteringSelf-DefenseagainstCriticismC．DealingwithPersonalRelationshipsFlexibly D．ThePathtoSelf-ImprovementthroughCriticism02主旨大意题之文章大意一、【常见设问形式】①Thispassagechieflydealswith________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Whatisthemainideaofthe...paragraph/thepassage?二文章大意题找主题句的技巧：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。eq\a\vs4\al([正确选项特征])1．涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2．确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。3．精确性强，不会改变语言表达的程度及色彩。eq\a\vs4\al([干扰选项特征])1．过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2．以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。3．移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。4．无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词虽然在文章中提到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.（2024·陕西·模拟预测）Youmayfeellikeamastermultitaskerasyoudrinkyourmorningcoffee,catchuponemailandtuneintoaconferencecall.Butdidyouknowformostpeople,inmostsituations,multitaskingmakesuslessefficientandmorelikelytomakeamistake.Thismightnotbeasapparentwhenwe’redoingsimpleandroutinetasks,likelisteningtomusicwhilewalking,orfoldinglaundrywhilewatchingTV.Butwhenthestakesarehigherandthetasksaremorecomplex,tryingtomultitaskcannegativelyimpactourlives—orevenbedangerous.So-calledmultitaskingdividesourattention.Itmakesitharderforustogiveourfullattentiontoonething.Forexample,attemptingtocompleteadditionaltasksduringadrivingsimulationledtopoorerdrivingperformance.Itcanalsoaffectourabilitytolearn,becauseinordertolearn,weneedtobeabletofocus.Dr.Kubu,aneuropsychologist,says,“Ifwe’reconstantlyattemptingtomultitask,wedon’tpracticetuningouttherestofthewordtoengageindeeperprocessingandlearning.”Anotherpitfall(缺陷)isthattryingtodotoomuchatoncemakesithardertobemindfulandtrulypresentinthemoment—andmindfulnesscomeswithaplethora(过量)ofbenefitsforourmindsandourbodies.Infact,manytherapiesbasedonmindfulnesscanevenhelppatientssufferingfromdepression,anxietyandotherconditions.Choosingtofocusononetaskatatimecanbenefitmanyaspectsofourlife.Takesurgeonsforexample.“Peopleassumeasurgeon’sskillisprimarilyintheprecisionandsteadinessoftheirhands.Whilethere’ssometruthtothat,thetruegiftofasurgeonistheabilitytosingle-mindedlyfocusononepersonandcompleteaseriesoftaskoverthecourseofmanyhours.”Dr.Kubuexplains.Butsurgeonsaren’tnecessarilybornwiththisabilitytomonotask.Rather,theydevelopandperfectitthroughhoursofpractice.Itistruethatweperformbestonethingatatime.Whynotgiveitatry?8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whymultitaskingdoesn’twork. B．Howtoimprovedailyperformance.C．Whichcareerlessneedsmultitasking. D．Whatpositiveeffectsmultitaskinghas.03主旨大意题之段落大意【常见设问方式】WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?【归纳段落大意的2种方法】方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。【2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment. B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases. D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测）“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,”ItypeintoDeepDreamGenerator’sText2Dreamfeature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI’vedescribed.WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rankartworkusingjustafewtextprompts(提示).Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomaninmyimagehasveryoddfeatures,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere’saninitialthrillatseeinganimageappear,there’snocreativesatisfaction.AIimagegenerationcouldimpacteverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children’sillustratorswerequicktoraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAI-generatedartistheexactoppositeofwhatartisbelievedtobe.Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyintosomethingthatexistsexternally.Whateverformittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanit’saboutthefinalpiece.Andsimplypressingabuttontogenerateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabasesofalreadyexistingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethestyleofotherartists,withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAlgeneratorsworknodifferentlytohumanswhenitcomestobeinginfluencedbyothers’work,However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionandnuance(细微差别)intothemix.AIdoesn’tdothesame—itcanonlycopy.TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluingoftheworkofartists.There’salreadyanegativeprejudicetowardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir“work”isasvalidasthatcreatedbysomeonewhohasspentacareermakingart.It’snonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephonetotakeanicepictureofyourdaughters,butyouarenomatchforprofessionals.4．Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?A．Artisthemirroroflife. B．Romeisnotbuiltinaday.C．Nomancandotwothingsatonce. D．Jackofalltrades,masterofnone.04主旨大意题难点--避免看懂文章却出错主旨大意类的试题对考生提出的要求很高，要求考生具有迅速抓取主要信息的能力，短时间分辨出文章的内容的主次关系，知道哪些是细节支撑信息，哪些是作者要表达的主题。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。对选择标题类题，若遇到拿不太准的情况时，可以自己思考一下：“如果是我写这个题目，我会怎样写?”。所以，虽然看懂了文章，未必选出的选项就符合题目的要求，不是说文章中可以找到的句子就是正确的选项，这需要有高度的概括提炼能力。[1]Welcometoyourfuturelife!

[2]Yougetupinthemorningandlookintothemirror.Yourfaceisfirmandyoung-looking.In2035,medicaltechnologyisbetterthanever.Manypeopleyouragecouldlivetobe150,soat40,you’renotoldatall.Andyourparentsjusthadananti-aging(抗衰老的)treatment.Now,allthreeofyoulookthesameage!

[3]Yousaytoyourshirt,”Turnred.”Itchangesfrombluetored.In2035,“smartclothes”containparticles(粒子)muchsmallerthanthecellsinyourbody.Theparticlescanbeprogrammedtochangeclothes’colororpattern.

[4]Youwalkintothekitchen.Youpickupthemilk,butavoicesays,”Youshouldn’tdrinkthat!”Yourfridgehasreadthechip(芯片)thatcontainsinformationaboutthemilk,anditKnowsthemilkisold.In2035,everyarticleoffoodinthegrocerystorehassuchachip.

[5]It’stimetogotowork.In2035,carsdrivethemselves.Justtellyour“smartcar”wheretogo.Ontheway,youcancallafriendusingyourjacketsleeve.Such“smarttechnology”isallaroundyou.

[6]Sowillallthesethingscometrue?“Fornewtechnologytosucceed,”saysscientistAndrewZolli,”ithastobesomuchbetterthatitreplaceswhatwehavealready.”TheInternetisoneexamplewhatwillbethenext?1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Foodandclothingin2035.

B.Futuretechnologyineverydaylife.

C.Medicaltreatmentsofthefuture.

D.Thereasonforthesuccessofnewtechnology.（最新模拟试题演练）Passage1【2024届安徽省皖北协作区高三下学期3月模拟】Usinghypodermicneedlestodeliverdrugshasbeencommonformorethanacentury.Thepasthundredyearshaveseenallmannerofmedicaladvances,yettheneedlehasstayedmostlyunchanged.Althoughnowavailableinavarietyofdifferentsizes,itremainsahollow(中空的),pointytube.Withluck,thatmaysoonchange.Researchersaroundtheworldarelookingforwaystoeasethepassageofneedlesintotheskin.Manyhavebeeninspiredbynature.Anobvioussourceofideashasbeenmosquitoes,whichmanagetotaketheirbloodmealsalmostpainlessly.Onereasonisthattheinsectsreleaseanaesthetic(麻醉的)chemicalswhentheyfirstpuncture(刺穿)theskin.Butanotherhastodowiththeshapeandactionoftheirmouthparts.Thepointofamosquito’smouthpartsisserrated(锯齿状的)andsofteratitstip.Theinsectstretchestheskinofitstargetbeforebiting,andshakesitsmouthpartsquicklyasitpushesitin.Allofthishelpstoreducetheforceneededtopuncturetheskin.Onepaper,publishedin2020byagroupofresearchersinAmericaandChina,foundthatamosquito-inspiredneedlerequired27%lessforcethananordinaryone.Andlesspunctureforcemeanslesspain.Mosquito-inspiredneedlesmightalsobeusefulfordelicateproceduressuchasbiopsies(活组织检查).ApaperfromtheUniversityofMichigan,alsopublishedin2020,foundthatthelowerpunctureforceledtolessmovementofthesamplingarea,ensuringthattheneedleswereguidedaccuratelytothearea,ratherthanmissingthetarget.Fornow,suchdevicesremainrestrictedtolabs.Butthereisabigmarketforbetterneedles.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,around16bninjectionsweregivenin2018.Withonepersoninfoursayingtheysufferfromtrypanophobia,orafearofneedles,thesavingsonstickersandsweetsforthebravesoulswhorolluptheirsleeveswouldbeconsiderable.28．Whichcontributestomosquitoes’gettingbloodwithoutcausingpain?A．Thesoundtheymakebeforebiting.B．Thespecialshapeoftheirmouthparts.C．Thehighspeedoftheiraction.D．Thesmallsizeoftheirmouthparts.29．Whatcanwelearnaboutthemosquito-inspiredneedlesfromthetext?A．Theyhavebeenputonthemarket.B．Theyrequiredmorepunctureforcethantheordinaryones.C．It’seasierforthemtogetthroughtheskin.D．Thelowerpunctureforcemaycausethemtomissthetarget.30．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemosquito-inspiredneedles?A．Unclear. B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.31．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Thepainlessneedlesinspiredbynature.B．Theapplicationofthemosquito-inspiredneedles.C．Thelatestmedicaladvancesmadebyresearchers.D．Mosquitoes’uniquewaytotakethebloodpainlessly.Passage2【2024届广东省高三下学期二模】ArielProcacciahasthoughtalotabouthowtocutacakeoverthelast15years.Asthefatherofthreechildren,heknowshowharditistodivideabirthdaycaketoeveryone’ssatisfaction.Butit’salsobecauseProcaccia’sworkfocusesonexploringthemathematicalrulesfordividingstuffupfairly.Onewaytodothatistothinkabstractlyaboutdessert.Fordecades,researchershavebeenaskingtheseeminglysimplequestionofhowtocutacakefairly.Theanswerreachesfarbeyondbirthdayparties.Amathematicalproblematitsheart,cakecuttingconnectsstrictreasoningtoreal-worldissuesoffairness,andsoattractsnotonlymathematicians,butalsosocialscientists,economistsandmore.“It’saveryelegantmodelinwhichyoucandistillwhatfairnessreallyis,andreasonaboutit,”Procacciasays.Thesimplestapproachiscalledthe“divider-chooser”method,whereonepersoncutsthecakeintotwoequalpiecesinhisview,andtheotherpersonpicksfirst.Eachreceivesapiecethattheyfeelisasvaluableastheother’s.Butwhenpersonalpreferencesaretakenintoaccount,eventheeasiestrulebecomescomplicated.SupposeAliceandBobaretodivideacake,andAliceknowsBobpreferschocolate,shemayknowinglydividethecakeunequallysothesmallerpiececontainsmorechocolate.ThenBobwillchooseaccordingtohispreference,andAlicewillgetthelargerpiece.Bothofthemaresatisfiedwithwhattheyget,butthemeaningoffairnesschangesinthissituation.Thecakeisasymbolforanydivisiblegood.Whencake-cuttingprinciplesareemployedtosettledisagreements,theyarepotentiallyhelpingtheworldfindsolutions.Procacciahasusedfairdivisionalgorithms(算法)tomodelfooddistribution.SocialscientistHarisAzizisexploringsituationsrangingfromhowtodivideupdailytaskstohowtobestscheduledoctors’shiftsinhospitals.Evenafterdecadesofinvestigation,cakecuttingisn’tlikeasimplejigsawpuzzle(拼图)withawell-definedsolution.Instead,overtime,ithasevolvedintoakindofmathematicalsandbox,aconstructiveplaygroundthatbringstogetherabstractproofsandeasyapplications.Themoreresearchersexploreit,themorethereistoexplore.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distill”inparagraph2mean?A．Gettheessenceof. B．Findtheoppositeof.C．Keepthefocuson. D．Reducetheimpacton.13．Whatcanwelearnaboutfairnessfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?A．Itsstandardisstable. B．Itpreventsunequaldivision.C．Itsconceptiscomplex. D．Itdominatespersonalpreferences.14．Whatisparagraph4mainlyaboutconcerningcakecutting?A．Theapplicationofitsrules. B．Thedetailsofitsprocess.C．Theproblemsitproduces. D．Theharmonyitsymbolizes.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Whobenefitsmostfromfairness?B．Howhasfairnesschangedovertime?C．Whatmethodworksbestincake-cutting?D．Whyareresearcherssointerestedincake-cutting?Passage3【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】Windturbines(风力发电机)workespeciallywelloutincoastalwaters,whereoceanwindscanbeverystrong.Offshorewindfarmscostmoretobuildthanonshoreones.Offshoreequipmentmustbeheavierthanonshoreequipment.Ithastostanduptoveryheavywinds,bigwavesandstrongcurrents.Sendingpeopletoinstall,operateandrepairequipmentatseaiscostly.Butoncesetup,offshorewindcouldpickupbonustasks.AccordingtoHarisIshaq,anengineerattheUniversityofVictoriainCanada,oneofthebestadd-onstowindfarmsismakinghydrogengas,whichmeansmakingacleanpowersourceinacleanway.Adevicecalledanelectrolyzer(电解器)cansplitwaterintohydrogenandoxygen.Theelectrolyzerneedsfreshwater,notsaltwater.Toremovetheseasalt,Ishaq’steamproposesremovingthesaltthroughaspecialtechnique,whichissupposedtorunontheelectricityproducedbytheoffshorewindfarms.Ishap’sgroupalsoproposesaddingasecondbonustasktowindfarms—tocapture(捕获)CO2fromtheatmosphere.AtmosphericCO2levelsarehigherthanever,resultinginaworseninggreenhouseeffect.Aprocesscalleddirectaircapture,orDAC,canremoveCO2fromtheair.TheDACdevicesneedelectricitytorun.FansmoveairacrossasolidmaterialthatcapturesCO2andreleaseseverythingelse.Whenthesolidmaterialisheatedto100°Celsius,itreleasesthestoredCO2.ThesamesolidscanthenbereusedtograbmoreCO2.Theelectricitymadebywindturbineswouldpowerthedevices’fansandtheelectricboiler,toheatthecarbon-collectingsolid.TostoretheCO2releas