2025版高考英语一轮复习必修1Unit4Earthquakes学案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit4Earthquakes————[单元主题语境]———人与自然之自然灾难与防范，平安意识与自我爱护(全国卷Ⅱ)话题：失败的南极航行词数：278难度：★★★★★AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst­ratephoto­journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact，theywereshotfrom1914through1916，mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海难)，byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest，underfreezingwater，inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance，asmall，tight，Norwegian­builtthree­masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall，tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica'sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell­researchedstoryTheEndurance，adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott'slastjourney，completedashelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger，caughttheworld'simagination，andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton，aonetimeBritishmerchant­navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908，startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley，aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic，washiredtomaketheimages，mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太胜利的探险经验。13．WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A．Theyweremadelastweek.B．Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C．Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D．Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的其次句可知，这些照片记录了一次灾难性的冒险，故选D项。答案：D14．WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A．FrankHurley. B．ErnestShackleton.C．RobertFalconScott. D．CarolineAlexander.解析：推理推断题。依据第三段可知，被发觉的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比RobertFalconScott船长从前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断RobertFalconScott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。答案：C15．WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A．Artisticcreation. B．Scientificresearch.C．Moneymaking. D．Treasurehunting.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句中的后半句“adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort”及倒数其次句中“his1914voyagetomakemoney...”可知，Alexander认为1914年的航行完全出于商业目的，也就是为了赚钱。答案：C,一、语言实力熟词生义/词类活用1．shootvt.拍摄2．imagen．图像3．passagen．通道；走廊4．marchn．行进；行军5．catchvt.引起二、思维品质1．阅读技巧——借助关键词进行推理推断此类推理推断题只须要找寻与题干有逻辑关系的关键词就可以推出正确答案。因此，解题时应仔细阅读试题，弄清要求和回答问题的角度，结合原文看是否有关键词可以用来进行推理推断。第15题依据最终一段第一句中后半句的athoroughlycommercialeffort及倒数其次句中的makemoney可知，Alexander认为1914年的航行完全出于商业目的，也就是为了赚钱。2．分析长难句并翻译句子Shackleton，aonetimeBritishmerchant­navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908，startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.[分析]Shackletonstartedabusiness.为句子主干，aonetimeBritishmerchant­navyofficer为Shackleton的同位语，同时作定语从句whohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908的先行词，beforehis1914voyage为时间状语，tomake...为不定式作目的状语。[翻译]Shackleton，一个曾经的英国商船船队军官，在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前起先做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。三、文化素养思索：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为如何防范自然灾难，进行自我爱护？我们应当加强自然灾难危害性的教化，提高学校广阔师生员工的自我爱护意识。做到早预防、早报告、早处置，刚好实行措施，确保不因自然灾难而危及师生平安和财产损失。授课提示：对应学生用书第25页Unit4EarthquakesNO.1单词——在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词…………[先识记]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．shockingnews令人震惊的消息2．sincerelyhope真心地希望3．destroythehealth毁掉健康4．rescuehimfromthefire从火中把他营救出来5．buryhimalive将他活埋6．judgebetweenrightandwrong推断是非7．betrappedinruins被困在废墟中8．theruinofhishope他的希望破灭9．aburstofanger勃然大怒10．aninjuredleg一条受伤的腿11．themainevents重大事务12．othernaturaldisasters其他自然灾难13．relievehissuffering缓解他的苦痛14．sufferseriousdamage遭遇严峻的损伤[再拓展]请填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Herfamilywasextremely(extreme)poorandallshehadwasonepairofshoes.2．Judgingfromhislooks，hemustbeanhonestman.Onthecontrary，heoftenrobsandsteals，sothejudgepointedoutthatamanshouldnotbejudgedbyhisappearance.(judge)3．Afterseeingthefrighteningfilm，thefrightenedboywastoofrightenedtowalkhomealoneinthedark.(frighten)4．Rescuerssaidtheinjuredweretakentoahospitalnearby，andfortunatelytheinjurywasnotserious，notlife­threatening.(injure)5．Theheadmasterwrotealettertocongratulateheronhergoodperformanceandtheexcitingcongratulationsencouragedhergreatly.(congratulate)6．IamlackinginwordsandexpressionstoexpresshowgratefulIfeelandIwillgivemyheadteacherthepresentasanexpressionofgratitude.(express)7．Wewereshockedattheshockingnewsthathediedsuddenlyyesterday.(shock)8．Britainisadevelopednationanditsnationalflowerisrose.(nation)02阅读单词…………标注不相识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆□earthquake□million□canal□steam□headline□track□mine□shelter□dam□outline□crack□brick□smelly□titleNO.2短语——在拼法中记牢，在联想中积累[必会短语]请依据汉语提示完成下列词块1．anumberoffamilies很多家庭2．digoutthetruth发觉真相3．beproudoftheirachievements为他们的成就而骄傲4．betrappedintheburninghotel被困在失火的旅馆里5．judgingfromhisaccent从他的腔调推断6．beburiedinthebook埋头读书7．don'tthinklittleofyourself不要小看你自己8．bethererightaway立刻就到9．bealmostatanend差不多结束了10．leavethetowninruins使这个城镇成为废墟[词汇积累]1．“自然灾难”相关单词一览①disastern．灾难；灾祸②earthquaken．地震③droughtn．旱灾；干旱④eruptionn．(火山)喷发⑤hurricanen．飓风2．表示“程度”的副词集锦①extremely极度地②entirely完全地③completely完全地④perfectly完备地3．以“­ing/­ed”结尾的形容词聚焦①eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(shocking令人震惊的,shocked感到震惊的))②eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(frightening令人恐惊的,frightened受惊的))③eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(terrifying令人恐怖的,terrified感到胆怯 的))④eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(disappointing令人悲观的,disappointed感到悲观的))⑤eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(surprising令人惊讶的,surprised感到惊讶的))4．“埋头于；用心于”的多种表达①beburiedin②beoccupiedwith③beabsorbedin④beengagedin⑤bedevotedto⑥concentrateon⑦applyoneselfto⑧putone'sheartinto⑨fix/focusone'sattentiononNO.3句式——在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请依据提示完成下列句子1．too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义正如谚语所说，活到老，学到老。Astheoldsayinggoes，“It'snevertoolatetolearn.”2．asif“似乎”，后常接表语从句或方式状语从句童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海，仿佛刚刚发生似的。Everythinginmychildhoodcrowdeduponmymindasifithadjusthappened.3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语“使……处于某状态”他的父母在巴基斯坦地震中去世了，留下他成为一名孤儿。HisparentsdiedinthePakistanearthquake，leavinghimanorphan.4．All...not...＝Notall...“并不是全部的……都……”喜爱体育运动的人并不都喜爱参与体育运动。Allwhoenjoysportingeventsdon'tliketoparticipateinthem.5．bedoing...when...正在做……这时(突然)……今日早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我望见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。ThismorningIwaswalkingonthestreetwhenIsawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap，lookingpuzzled.授课提示：对应学生用书第26页1．burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然裂开；爆发[文化金句]ReadingTheEmperor'sNewClothes，Ihadtoletoutaburstoflaughteroverhisfoolishness.读了《皇帝的新装》，我不禁为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。[归纳拓展]burstin突然闯进；突然出现burstinto...闯入……；(心情等)爆发burstout突然迸发；爆发；突然激烈地喊叫burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing突然大笑起来burstintotears＝burstoutcrying突然大哭起来[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Heburstinwithoutknockingatthedoor，whichmademeveryangry.②Heburstintotheroomwithoutknockingatthedoor.实力提升——完成句子③Seeingherclassmatesburstoutlaughing/burstintolaughterbecauseofherfoolishmistakes，sheburstoutcrying/burstintotears.看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。[实战贴士]短语burstin中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burstinto中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。2．ruinn．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹vt.毁灭；使破产；成为废墟[写作佳句]Nomatterhowfamousabrandis，itcanbeinruinsonceitbetraysthetrustofconsumers.无论一个品牌多出名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。[归纳拓展](1)lie/beinruins成为废墟bereducedtoruins沦为废墟(2)ruinsth./sb./oneself毁坏某物/毁掉某人/自己ruinone'shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/单句改错①WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday，theyfoundtheirneighbourhoodinruins(ruin)．②Somepopstarsareaddictedtodrugs，completelyruiningthem.them→themselves实力提升——一句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。③Hemadeamistake，whichruinedhischanceofgoingabroad.(定语从句)④Hemadeamistake，ruininghischanceofgoingabroad.(分词短语作状语)3．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；振动n.休克；打击；震惊[写作佳句]Manyofthepeopleweranintowerestillinshock.我们遇到的很多人还在惊惶之中。[归纳拓展](1)beshockedby/at...对……感到震惊beshockedtodo...因做……而震惊(2)inshock震惊；休克(3)shockedadj.感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Theywereshockedby/atherrudeness.②Anyonetouchingthatwirecouldgetbadlyshocked(shock)．③Grandmotherthoughtitshocking(shock)forgirlstowearjeans.实力提升——句型转换④Itwasashocktometoseehowmyneighborstreatedtheirchildren.→Iwasshockedtoseehowmyneighborstreatedtheirchildren.4．buryvt.安葬；掩埋；使沉醉；隐藏；使用心[写作佳句]EversinceMissEvansmovedhere，shehasburiedherself/hasbeenburiedinherresearchwork.自从埃文斯小姐搬到这里以来，她始终埋头于她的探讨工作。[归纳拓展](1)bury...in...把……埋到……里；使……沉醉于……eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beburiedin,buryoneselfin))埋头于；用心于(2)buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Thoughburied(bury)inbooksthesedays，Ihavestilljoinedseveralstudentclubsinordertoimprovemyself.②Hesankintoachair，burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands.实力提升——一句多译他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。③Becauseheburiedhimselfin/wasburiedinhisbooks，hewasnotawarethatitwasrainingoutside.(bury)④Buryinghimselfinhisbooks，hewasnotawarethatitwasrainingoutside.(现在分词短语作状语)⑤Buriedinhisbooks，hewasnotawarethatitwasrainingoutside.(过去分词短语作状语)5．judgen.裁判员；法官vt.断定；推断；判决[文化金句]Judgingfromtheirspeeches，ConfuciusInstituteshaveanincreasingimpactonthelocalpeople.从他们的言谈中可以得知，孔子学院对当地人的影响日益加大。[归纳拓展](1)judge...from/by...从……来推断……asfarasIcanjudge据我推断；我认为(2)judgingby/from从……上看；依据……推断[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadlyjudged(judge)．②I'mwritingtoinviteyoutobeajudgeatourEnglishspeechcontesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15.③Judging(judge)fromtheabovestory，wecandrawtheconclusionthatwecan'tjudgeabookby/fromitscover.实力提升——完成句子④AsfarasIcanjudge,thefarmworkprogrammewasverymeaningful.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅱ)我认为，这个农活活动特别有意义。[实战贴士]judgingfrom/by用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。6．atanend结束；终结[写作佳句]MyholidayisatanendandImustgobacktoworktomorrow.假期结束了，明天我必需回去上班。[归纳拓展](1)attheendof在……终点；在……末端bytheendof到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)intheend最终；最终(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(put/bring...toanend,putanendto...))使……结束cometoanend完成；结束(3)endupdoing以……而告终[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/用end相关短语填空①Bytheendofnextmonth，wewillhavefinished(finish)allourtasks.②Thespeechcontestwasatanend.Thankfully，Iendedupwinningthefirstprizeandmyhardworkpaidoffintheend.实力提升——句型转换③Themeetingwasatanendandhesetdownmanykeypoints.→Themeetingcametoanendandhesetdownmanykeypoints.7．a(great)numberof很多；大量的[写作佳句]Accordingtotheconcertposter，agreatnumberofmusicmasterpieceswillbeplayedbyafamousband.(2024·高考全国卷Ⅲ)依据音乐会海报，一个闻名的乐队将演奏大量的音乐杰作。[归纳拓展](1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agreat/large/smallnumberof,agreat/goodmany,quiteafew))＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof))＋不行数名词(3)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(alotof/lotsof,agreat/largequantityof,largequantitiesof,massesof,plentyof))＋可数名词复数或不行数名词(4)thenumberof＋可数名词复数＋单数谓语[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空/单句改错①Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported，hasdropped(drop)by17percentinjustoneyear.②Agreatdealofmoneywasdonated(donate)toauniversitybyanoldman，whicharousedpublicattention.③Largequantitiesofnutsisfoundinsidethetrees.is→are④Agoodmanydisastershaschangedtheoldbuilding.has→have实力提升——完成句子⑤Inaddition，thereareagreatnumberoffamousartistswhosemasterpieceswillbeonexhibition.此外，很多闻名艺术家的杰作将被展览。[实战贴士]largequantities/amountsof＋n.作主语时谓语动词用复数。8．asif(＝asthough)引导表语从句或状语从句[教材原句]Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！[归纳拓展](1)假如asif所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的状况时，句子要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少发生或存在的状况时，从句用虚拟语气：①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)③从句用would/could/mightdo形式(与将来的事实相反)[实战演练]基础练透——单句语法填空①Whenapencilispartlyputintowater，itlooksasifitwerebroken(break)．②Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened(happen)．实力提升——句型转换③Tomraisedhisrighthandasifhewouldsaysomething.→Tomraisedhisrighthandasiftosaysomething.[实战贴士]asthough/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一样，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词经常可以省略。9．部分否定[教材原句]Allhopewasnotlost.不是全部的希望都破灭了。[归纳拓展](1)部分否定all...not...＝notall...并非全部的……都……(2)具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”(3)no，none，noone，neither，nothing等表示完全否定[实战演练]基础练透——完成句子①OurEnglishteacherisexcellent，butshecan'thelpeveryone(不能帮助每一位同学)intheclassin40minutes.②Noneofus(我们全都不)wasallowedtogothere.实力提升——句型转换③It'simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobs，becausenotallofthemarefitforthejobs.→It'simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobs，becauseallofthemaren'tfitforthejobs.授课提示：对应学生用书第28页[教材与高考]Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词1．阅读词汇认知①(2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.adv.特别②(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50­kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.n.竞赛项目③(2024·高考北京卷)ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.n.棒；条状物④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Modernmethodsfortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s.vt.追踪⑤(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,becarefulnottogotoextremes.n.极端2．一词多义①(2024·高考天津卷)Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.DA．头衔 B．资格C．权利 D．标题②(浙江卷)SuddenlyanotherthoughtwentthroughKate'smindlikeanelectricshock.CA．vt.&vi.(使)震惊；振动 B．n.休克C．n.触电 D．n.震惊Ⅱ.语言运用高频点1．语法填空①(2024·高考浙江卷)Likehumans,polarbearscanfeelpain,haveemotionsandcanbefrightened(frighten)．②(2024·高考浙江卷)Ifwedrinkdirty(dirt)water，wecancatchdiseasesfromthebacteriaandbecomeill.③(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)ShehasbeenaradioandTVreporter(report)formanyyears.④(2024·高考全国卷Ⅰ)DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruining(ruin)theatmosphereofpeace?⑤(2024·天津3月高考)Mary'sdescriptionofthepartywassovividthatIfeltasifIhadbeen(be)there.⑥(2024·高考江苏卷)Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies，bothatthenational(nation)andtheinternationallevels.⑦(2024·高考浙江卷)Istillremembervisitingafriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshocked(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.2．完形填空①(2024·高考浙江卷)Asyoucanimagine，thetripisnopieceofcake.Whilerestaurantsthrowawaytonsoffoodeachyear，muchofitremainsinaccessiblebecauseof42garbagecontainers，healthregulations，orbusinesspolicies.Onlyaboutoneintenplacesofferedhimfoodthatwouldotherwisebediscarded.A．locked B．damagedC．connected D．abandoned解析：由于上锁的垃圾桶、健康法规或商业政策的限制，很多被丢掉的食物无法得到。locked“上锁的”；damaged“破坏的”；connected“连接的”；abandoned“被遗弃的”。答案：A②(2024·高考北京卷)Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafterleavinganotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre，theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthe