易错点19短文填空-2022年中考英语考试易错题（原卷版）

易错点19短文填空（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）Theyeatwildanimals,plants,berries,nuts,andinsects.Theyhuntwithbowsandarrows.Therearelotsofdangeroussnakesandspiders.It’soneofsouthernAfrica’s11(hot)places,andthereisoftennowater.Thentheyhavetogetwaterfromplants.12theyareill,therearenohospitals.Thepeoplehavetogetmedicinefromplantstoo.TheyaretheSan,13lastpeoplelivingintheKalahari.TheSanpeoplehaveanothername—”bushpeople”.14(they)lifestyleisverysimple,buttheyknowmoreaboutanimalsandplantsthanmostpeopledo.TheSanpeopleliveinsmallgroupsof2550.Theyliveinhuts—little“houses”.Thesehouses15(make)ofwoodandgrass.Therearenoschoolsforthechildren.Childrenlearnfromtheolderpeopleinthegroup.Therearelotsofthingstheyhavetolearnsothattheycanlive16adangerousplaceliketheKalahari.Intheevenings,thegroupofpeopleoftensitaroundafireandtellstories.TheKalahariisabigareaofbushlandinthesouthernAfrica.It17(have)twoparts.Thereislessraininthesouthernpartthaninthenorthernpart,18thesouthisdrier.Therearefewerplantsandanimalsthere,andit’smoredifficultforpeople19(live).Butwhenitrainsattheendofthesummer,thelandbeesgreenerandmorebeautiful.Forafewweeks,thereare20(million)oflittleflowersandevenbutterflies!一、短文填空解题步骤1.跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。二、解题技巧★已给出单词提示型的解题技巧（1）名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。如：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the___________(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。（2）动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。如：Atalk___________(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是＂将来＂作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式：tobegiven。（3）代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none、other/another等。如：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby___________(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。（4）形容词、副词比较等级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀er和est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。如：Iam___________(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那＂我＂肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的＂lesstall＂。（5）数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。如：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea___________(three)...从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是＂一半＂或＂二分之一＂，那么二儿子应该得＂三分之一＂，所以要填入作分母的序数词＂third＂才能命中目标。（6）词的派生。词的派生现象在英语中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。如：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,Sohewasvery___________(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由提示词happiness可知，它的构成词根是happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。★未给出单词提示型的解题技巧在不给任何提示的情况下填空，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。（7）固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词＂视而不见＂才能命中答案。如：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying___________,dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoyoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。（8）从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。如：①Hedidnotdone___________hisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.通过审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。②Those___________wanttogotothevillagemustsignhere.经过分析可以判断出横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步分析可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填who。（9）短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。如：Mrs.Bakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotake___________ofher.生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成takecareof。（10）介词短语结构。介词短语即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。如：Mr.SmithtookaplanetoLondon___________oftakingatrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句是＂坐……而不是坐……＂的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。（11）连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both...and，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso等。如：①LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,___________hisfamilywastoopoor.此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，故填for。②___________MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and，故答案为Both。（12）冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，常见的有however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查1y形式的方式副词。如：①Jackielikestodriveat___________highspeed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，＂以高速＂开车。②OldTom’sgranddaughterusedtovisithim___________Saturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。③Itwasonlyonedayleft,___________,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。（13）上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词或其反义词或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。如：Tony___________travellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断出，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高在此题型上的得分率。三、做短文填空题应注意的问题1.语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免＂只见树木，不见森林＂的错误。2.要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。3.填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。4.有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。5.选词填空题和首字母填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案，但只能选择其中一个填入，因为每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。6.到考场上以第一感觉为准，不要来回地看，既耽误时间，又容易动摇自己的选择。要凭预感一气呵成地完成填空。（一）（2021·河北中考真题）HiAlice,Myname’sZhaoMingandI’dliketobeyourpenfriend.I’m16yearsold.Ihavetwolittlebrothers.They’revery21(love).Ioftenhelpmyparentslook22theminmysparetime.Mymother23(work)inatoyshop.Sheloves24(she)job.Andmyfatheris25engineer.Heisbusyeveryday,26hetriestospendmoretimewithus.I’mintheschoolbasketballteam.Weusuallyplay27(match)onSaturdaymornings.Lastweek,weplayedagainstanotherschool.Theyran28(fast)thanus.However,wehadbetterteamwork.Finally,we29(win)!Howhappywewere!Thisisthe30(eight)timewebeatthem.Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutyou?Pleasewrite.Best,ZhaoMing（二）（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Henryis31Americanbusinessman.Oneday,whenhewassailing(航行)onaboatnearSanFrancisco,hewascarriedoutintotheseabyastrongwind.32(luck),hewasdiscoveredandpickedupbyaLondonbound(开往伦敦的)ship.Sohe33(land)inLondonbyaccident.Aloneand34(hunger),hewalkedonthestreetsofthecity.Unexpectedly,he35(call)intoabighouse.Theretworich36(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtold37(he)nottoopenituntiltwoo'clockoftheday.Henrydidn’tknowitwasamillionpound(百万英镑)banknote.Heleftthebighouseandwentintoacheaprestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.Everyonewasimpoliteandimpatienttohim.Why?38hewasinrags(衣衫褴褛)andlookeddirty.Then,39everyone’ssurprise,hehandedtheowneramillionpoundbanknotetopayforthemeal.Onseeingthenote,allthepeopleintherestaurantbecamefriendlyandtriedtheirbest40(please)Henry.Don’tyouthinkit’sthemostunbelievablestoryintheworld?（三）（2021·四川眉山市·中考真题）AChinesedancedrama41(make)thefirstappearanceonsocialmediaplatformsabroadalready,causingawaveofdiscussiononthebeautyofChinesecultureamongartloversworldwide.ThedancedramaLiBaiis42classicplaymadebytheChinaNationalOperaandDanceDramaTheater.Ithastouchedpeopleallovertheworld43tellingthestoryofTangDynasty(618AD—907AD)poetLiBai.LiBaiwasbornin701AD44diedin762AD．Maybebecausehetraveledaroundsomuchwhenhewaslittle,hedecided45(keep)travelingaroundthelandwhenhewas25yearsold.Hewantedtolearnmoreaboutnatureandpeople.Heexpressedhisfeelingsthroughthebeautifulwordsinhispoems.People46(real)likedhispoems.Eventodaypeoplestilladmirehispoems,notonlyadults,but47(child)too.Kidsstarttolearnhispoemswhentheyareinprimaryschools.LiBaiisoneofthe48(important)poetsinChina.HeisjustasimportantasWilliamShakespearetotheworld.Lastmonth,thedancedramaLiBai49(watch)over5.57milliontimes.AndChinahasonceagaincarriedChinesecultureforwardin50(it)ownway.（四）（2021·浙江台州市·中考真题）阅读下面的短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。TenyearoldOrionJeanhasalwaysknownthatkindnessisimportant.Heoftenpracticeditbyvolunteeringwithhisfamily.51,afterenteringtheNationalKindnessSpeechContest,hebecamemoreactiveinit.Nowheworkstospreadkindnesseverywherethroughprojectswhichhelpothers.Hecalls52(he)actiontheRacetoKindness.After53teachertoldhimaboutthecontest,Orionhadonly24hourstowrite,memorize54recordhisspeech.Init,hetalked55theimportanceofkindness.“Kindnessislikespreadinghugsaroundtheworldtothosewhoneedit.”Orionsaid.Heencourages56(listener)tojoinhimin“theraceofkindness”bydoingsmall,kindactsforothers.Orion’sspeechwonthecontest.Heusedhis$500prize57(collect)619toysforalocalchildren’shospital.Afterthat,Orionwantedtomakeaneven58(big)influence.Incharityhepackedmealboxesforpeopleinneedincludingakindmessageforeachreceiver.Orionsays,“Ifsomeoneistreated59(kind),itcanmaketheirdaybrighterandencouragethatpersontobekindtosomebodyelse.Andthenitjust60(grow)andmakestheworldabetterplace.”（五）（2021·浙江宁波市·中考真题）Susanwastiredofhavingherthreechildrentalkbacktoher.Oneday,sheclimbedintoherkids’treehouse.Itwas61goodplace,shethought,foramothertogoonstrike（罢工）.Shewastiredof62(drive)themeverywherewithoutthanksanddoingmorethanhershareoftheworkaroundthehouse.Until63(thing)changed,Susandecidedtostayupinthetree.Susan’sstrikegotherkids’attention,64course.Butthatwasnotallthathappened.Wordofthefedupmotherspread.Beforelong,acameracrewfromtelevision’sTodayShowcameintotheiryard.NowpeopleallacrossAmericaweregoingtofind65whodrovethekids’motherupatree.Asthecamerasworked,thethreekidsstoodwiththeirfathernearthetreehouse.Kate,theTodayShowhost,hadaquestionfor66(they).“Whatdoyouthinkaboutyourmomonstrikeinthattreehouse?”sheasked.“Iamkindofembarrassed,”saidMisty.“I’mreallyshocked,“saidJoseph.“Ididnotthinkitwouldgothisfar.Mymomismuch67(crazy)thanwethought.”Racheladded,“Ithinkmomissostrange68Icanhardlybelieveit.”ButSusanhadmadeherpoint.Ifthekids69(want)herback,theyshouldknowwhattodo.WhentheTVcrewleft,thekidswentintotheirhouse70(quick)andgotbusy.NotlongafterthatSusanclimbeddownfromthetreeandwentbacktobeingamom.（六）（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）DoesmygoldfishknowwhoIam?Ithinkthisisagreatquestion.Idospendmydays71(study)howfishgoabouttheirlives.Firstofall,fisharemuchsmarterthanpeoplethink.Peopleoftentalkofgoldfishhavingthreesecondmemories,butinfacttheycanlearnallkindsofthings,andrememberthem72quitealongtime.Thisshouldn’tsurpriseustoomuch.Justlikeotheranimals,theycanfindenoughtoeat,and73(know)whenitissaletobeoutintheopen.Beingabletolearnandrememberthingshelps74(they)dothis.Manykindsoffishcantellonefromanother,accordingtotheirgroup,theirrelatives,75eventheirowneggs.Butfishlivein76verydifferentworldfromus.Formanykindsoffish,althoughseeingisimportant,77(sense)suchassmellandtouchareevenmoreimportant.So,doesyourfishknowwhoyouare?Ibelieveyourfishwill78(sure)knowwhenitisfeedingtime.Myownfishbeevery79(excite)whenmyhandappearsneartheirtank,evenbeforeIdropthefoodin.I’mnotsurethatyourfishwillbeabletorememberwhatyourface80(look)like,butIwouldn’tbetoosurprisedifitcouldrememberyouinotherways,perhapsbythesoundofyourfootstepsasyouwalktowardsthetank.（七）（2021·四川德阳市·中考真题）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violence(暴力)didhappeninschools.Studentsshowed81(they)fearandparentsandteachersalsoexpressedtheirworriesaboutit.Expertshopethat82wholesocietypaymoreattentiontothementalhealthofteenagers.Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotproblem.Ithinkthisisalsoabigproblem83needsourgreatattention.Weshouldmakeeveryefforttopreventviolence84(happen)atschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal85(safe)couldn’tbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecan86(learn).ChildrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfromwhattheyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillleadto87(much)fighting.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,I88(tell)myteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefrombad89(guy).Allinall,everystudentshouldbehavewellandkeepaway90violence.（八）（2021·山东枣庄市·中考真题）DoyoulikeChinesefolkmusic?Maybeyouranswerisno,butIlikeitverymuch.Lastnight,afriendof91(my)tookmetoaconcertofChinesefolkmusic.Thepiecehadasimplename,ErquanYingyue(MoonRelectedonSecondSpring),whichwasplayedontheerhu,especiallymovedme.Theerhusoundedsad92tomakemealmostcryalongwithitasIlistened.93themusicwasstrangelybeautiful,underthe94(beautiful)Isensedastrongsadnessandpain.LaterIlookedupthestoryofErquanYingyue,andIbegantounderstandthesadnessinthemusic.Abing,afolkmusician95wasborninthecityofWuxiin1893,96(write)themusic.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasveryyoung.He97(teach)toplaymanyinstrumentsbyhisfather,andbyage17,Abingwasfamous98hismusicalability.However,afterhisfatherdied,Abing’slifegrew99(bad).Hewasverypoor.Notonlythat,hedevelopedaseriousillnessandbecameblind.Forseveralyears,hehadnohome.Helivedonthestreetsandplayedmusic100(make)aliving.（九）（2021·浙江金华市·中考真题）ThetopChinesescientistYuanLongping,famousforhis“SuperRice”,diedofillnessattheageof91111May22th,2021.YuanLongping112(be)borninBeijingin1930.Foralmost60years,hehadgivenmostofhistimeandenergytoriceresearch.Sofar,thehybridrice(杂交水稻)hedeveloped113(pull)millionsofpeopleoutofhungerallovertheworld.Hisachievementsweresogreat114hewascalled“TheFatherofHybridRice”andwonWorldFoodPrize.Duringhislifetime,YuanLongpingspent115(much)timeinthefarmfieldthaninhisoffice.Hewasoftenseenwatchingplants116(close)andthinkingofwaystoimprovethem,justasmanyChinese117(farmer)do.Yuanoncesaidhehad118dream—to“enjoythecoolunderthericeplantstallerthanmen”.119apityitisthathecan’tcontinuehisdreamnow!Butsurely,peoplebelieve,hisdream120(e)trueinthenearfuture.（十）（2021·浙江嘉兴市·中考真题）Inthepast,myoldgrandmotherdidn’tenjoytalkingonthephone.Actually,shehateditsoshewasalwaysrefusing121(use)it.Shetoldusthatshepreferredspeakingtopeopleinperson.Italways122(make)hersadthatshecouldn’tseethepersonshewastalkingto.Theotherday,wechattedwithmygrandmother,123mentionedvideocallingovertheInternet.It124(invent)forpeopletoseeeachotherwhiletalkingonline.Thenwecameupwith125idea.Weboughtheralaptop(笔记本电脑).Oneofmy126(cousin)wentovertoherhouseandtaughtherhowtouseit.127(lucky),shewasaquicklearner.Now,sheenjoys128(her)whentalkingwithuseveryday.Sheishappyandyoucantellfromtheexpression129herface.Shesaysit’salsoveryconvenient.Shecanputitanywhereinthehouse130itissmallanddoesn’ttakeupmuchroom.Sometimessheeventalkstouswhileshe’sinthekitchencooking!（十一）（2021·浙江丽水市·中考真题）Ed,WilliamandDanarethreeyoungmenwholovemusic.They’velefttheirfortablehomeswithouttakingany131(money)ormobilephones.Theyplan132(walk)aroundthewholeBritain,singingfordinnerandsleepinganywherelikefields.EdandDanmetWilliamwhentheywereatschool.Theyalllikedwalking.133theyfinishedschool,EdwenttostudyartinParisandbecame134artist.DanbecameagardenerandWilliamabookseller.Theywerestillfriends,135theyweren’tveryhappywiththeirlives.Onedaytheysaid,“Whydon’twestartwalking?”Andsotheydid.Theylovesimpleactivities136thebusy,stressfulworld.“Peopleoftenask137(we)whywe’redoingthis.Butyouknowit’sagreatlifeandwe’relearningsomuchonourjourney,”saysWilliam138(proud).Lastyeartheystartedawebsitetotellpeoplealotofstoriesabouttheirwalks.Thisyearthey’dliketomakevideosandtell139(many)stories.Nextyear,they140makeCDoftheirsongsandstarcharity.Thefuturelooksgood.（十二）（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真题）EdgarSnow(1905—1972)wasanAmericanreporter.Heisbestknownforhisbooksand1（文章）onmunisminChinaandtheChinesemunistrevolution.SnowcametoChinain1928.Hespentover10years2（旅行）widelyinChinaandtryingtounderstanditspeople.Atthesametime,hetriedtoshowwhathelearnedtotherestoftheworld.For3（例子）,RedStarOverChina,whichcameoutinthe1930s,isknownasthefirstbookthatintroducedChina’srevolutiontothewest.Init,Snow4（收集）firsthandinformationontheLongMarch,aswellasontheworkandlifestyleofmembersofthemunistPartyofChinainShaanxiProvince.ManyWesternerswereintroducedtothePartythroughhisbook.NormanBethune,a5（加拿大的）doctor,ca