Unit5课时3Grammar（学生版）九年级英语全一册讲义（人教版）

Unit5Whataretheshirtsmadeof目标导航目标导航Grammar一般现在时的被动语态知识精讲知识精讲知识点01概念【语法详解】语态的概念：在英语中有主动语态和被动语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

WespeakEnglish.我们讲英语。(主动语态)

Englishisspokenbyus.英语被我们讲。(被动语态)

一般现在时的被动语态：表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态,主语是动作的承受者。

【即学即练】Nowwastefromdailylife________tobeseparatedintofourdifferentgroupsinmanycities.A．requires B．isrequired C．isrequiringTheChinaGoldenRooster&HundredFlowersFilmFestival________infalleveryyear.A．holds B．washeld C．isheldChinese________bymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.A．isspoken B．wasspoken C．speaks知识点02句型结构【语法详解】一般现在时的被动语态的句型结构

(1)肯定句:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+其他

Thedeskismadebyhim,这张桌子是他做的。

(2)否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词+其他,

Thedeskisn'tmadebyhim.这张桌子不是他做的。

(3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?

Isthedeskmadebyhim?这张桌子是他做的吗?

(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?

Whereisthedeskmadebyhim?这张桌子是他在哪儿做的?

【即学即练】．ManypeoplespeakChineseinFrance.（改为被动语态）Chinese________________bymanypeopleinFrance.Thegovernmentdoesn’tallowpeoplewithnomaskstotaketheundergroundinShanghai.（改为被动语态）Peoplewithnomasks________________totaketheundergroundinShanghai.Theschooldoesn’tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.(改为被动语态)We________________toenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Thefestivalisheldeveryfouryears.(改为一般疑问句)________thefestival________everyfouryears?知识点03被动语态的用法【语法详解】被动语态的用法：(1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或是没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,可用被动语态Thisdeskismadeofwood.这张桌子是由木头制成的。(2)强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。Herbikeisstolen.她的自行车被偷了。【即学即练】Today,manywinterOlympicsports________evenbychildren.A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．wereenjoyed D．areenjoyedTheMonkeyKingisatraditionalChinesecartoonhero.Today,he________bypeopleofallages.A．willlove B．wasloved C．isloved D．willbelovedYou

________lunchatschool.Soyoudon’thavetobringyourownfood.A．give B．willgive C．aregiven D．havegiven知识点04主动语态改成被动语态【语法详解】主动语态改成被动语态转换步骤第一步:先确定主动句中的主语、谓语和宾语,找出其中的谓语动词。

第二步:把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词,应把宾格变为主格。

第三步:把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be十及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。

第四步:把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略),若主语是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。

【即学即练】Theyusuallyusetheboardtopaintpictures.(改为同义句)Theboard________usually________picturesbythem.Ioftenheartheteacherspeaktohisstudentspatiently.(改为同义句)Theteacherisoften________________speaktohisstudentspatiently.Wedon'tallowmakingnoiseinthelibrary.(改为同义句)Makingnoise_________________inthelibrary.AustralianscelebrateAustraliaDayonJanuary26theveryyear.（改为被动语态）AustraliaDay_________________onJanuary26theveryyear.Weplantmanytreesinspringeveryyear.(变为被动语态)Manytrees________

_________byusinspringeveryyear.Thecleanerswaterthesetreeseveryday.（改为被动语态）Thesetrees__________________________________________thecleanerseveryday.Weoftenhearthegirlsinghappilyinherroom.（改为被动语态）Thegirl________often________________singhappilyinherroom.Hespendsmostofhismoneyonstampsbecausetheyarehisfavourite.（改为被动语态）Mostofhismoney________________onstampsbecausetheyarehisfavourite.知识点05必背过去分词词义动词原形过去式过去分词唤醒，醒来awake

awokeawoken

是bewas,werebeen

忍受，承受bearboreborn

打，拍打beatbeatbeaten

改变，变化beebecamebee

开始beginbeganbegun

打赌betbetbet

吹blowblewblown

打破，破坏breakbrokebroken

带来bringbroughtbrought

建造buildbuiltbuilt

燃烧，烧毁burnburned/burntburned/burnt

购买buyboughtbought

捕捉，赶上，感染catchcaughtcaught

选择choosechosechosen

来ecamee

花费costcostcost

切，割cutcutcut

处理，应付dealdealtdealt

做dodiddone

绘画drawdrewdrawn

做梦，梦想dream

dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt开车，驾驶，驱使drivedrovedriven

喝，喝酒drink

drankdrunk吃eatateeaten

落下，倒下fallfellfallen

喂，饲养feedfedfed

感觉feelfeltfelt

打架，对抗fightfoughtfought

发现，找到findfoundfound

适合fitfitfit

逃跑fleefledfled

飞，飞翔，飘扬flyflewflown

禁止forbidforbadeforbidden忘记forgetforgotforgotten

原谅forgiveforgaveforgiven

（使）冻结；愣住freezefrozefrozen

得到，到达，变得getgotgotten

给，给予givegavegiven

去，走gowentgone

种植，生长，发展growgrewgrown

悬挂，垂下hanghunghung

有，怀有havehadhad

听到，倾听hearheardheard

躲藏hidehidhidden

击中hithithit

把握，持续，holdheldheld

（使）伤害，刺痛hurthurthurt

保持，继续keepkeptkept

知道，得知knowknewknown

放置，铺设；下蛋laylaidlaid

带领，率领leadledled

学习；得知learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt离开；留下leaveleftleft

借给，贷款给lendlentlent

让；出租letletlet

躺着，位于lielaylain

点燃lightlitlighted

失去loselostlost

制作，制造makemademade

意思是；想要meanmeantmeant

遇见；满足meetmetmet

吃得过多overeatoverateovereaten错误mistakemistookmistaken

支付，偿还paypaidpaid

摆，放，安置putputput

复述；再讲retellretoldretold重建；改造；复原rebuildrebuiltrebuilt阅读readreadread

骑，乘坐rideroderidden

按铃；铃声响ringrangrung

升起；起床riseroserisen

跑；行驶；运转runranrun说话saysaidsaid

看见seesawseen

寻找seeksoughtsought

卖，出卖sellsoldsold发送；寄；派遣sendsentsent

放，安置，确定setsetset

摇晃，摇摆shakeshookshaken

照耀，发光shineshoneshone

给……穿鞋；给马钉铁蹄shoeshoedshoed/shod射击shootshotshot

表示，显示，露面showshowedshowed/shown

关闭shutshutshut

唱歌singsangsung

下沉，沉没sinksanksunk

坐，就坐；坐落sitsatsat

嗅，闻；察觉到smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smelt睡，睡觉sleepsleptslept

滑动，滑落slideslidslid

讲话speakspokespoken

速度speedspedsped

吐痰；吐口水；吐出spitspit/spatspit/spat传播，散布；展开spreadspreadspread花费spendspentspent

站、立，坐落，忍受standstoodstood

偷窃stealstolestolen

插入，刺入；粘贴stickstuckstuck

串起，缚，扎stringstrungstrung

打扫，扫除sweepsweptswept

游泳swimswamswum

拿，取，抓taketooktaken

教，教学，讲授teachtaughttaught

撕扯teartoretorn

告诉telltoldtold

思想，考虑thinkthoughtthought

投，掷，抛，丢throwthrewthrown

理解understandunderstoodunderstood叫醒，弄醒wakewokewoken

穿着，戴；磨损wearworeworn

赢得，获胜winwonwon

写，书写writewrotewritten

能力拓展能力拓展考法01主系表结构与被动语态的区别主系表结构与被动语态的区别：(1)被动结构表示动作，系表结构表示状态Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动语态）这个杯子是被那个男孩打破的。Thecupisbroken（系表结构）这个杯子是破的。(2)“主系表”结构表示“状态”时，句中的be常可由lie,stand,feel,remain等词代替Thetoyslayscatteredonthefloor.=Thetoyswerescatteredonthefloor.玩具乱扔在地板上。Heremainedconcealedforalongtime.=Hewasconcealedforalongtime.他藏匿了很长时间。(3)被动语态常由介词by引出动作的执行者，而系表结构中常用其他介词，如about,at,in,on,with,over,to等I'minterestedinmyownhobbies,suchascollectingstamps,raisingbirdsandfishing.（系表结构）我对自己的爱好很感兴趣，如集邮、养鸟、钓鱼。Iwasinterestedbywhatyoushowedme.（被动语态）你给我看的东西让我很感兴趣。(4)系表结构常由very，quite，rather，too，so，more，most等词修饰，被动结构常用greatly等词修饰Iamveryinterestedinputerstudies.我对掌习电脑很感兴趣。Iwasgreatlyinspiredbythereport.我被那次报告大大地鼓舞了。注意:作表语的过去分词常见的有：broken碎的

lost丢了；迷路的known为人所知的

done做完的gone走了

astonished吃惊的bored感到厌烦的

encouraged受到鼓励的invited被邀请的

frightened感到害怕的interested感兴趣的satisfied满意的pleased感到高兴的puzzled感到不解的touched受感动的

surprised感到惊讶的tired感到疲劳的

disappointed感到失望的worried感到担忧的shocked感到震’凉的delighted感到高兴的【即学即练】1．Thissubjectisinteresting.(改为同义句)

This________________________subject.2．Hehasbigeyes.（变同义句）________eyes________big.3．Thisishismotherandthisishisfather.(请写出另外一种表达)________________________________________________________________4．Theseareherbaseballs.(改为同义句)

Thesebaseballs__________________.5．Myclockisonthetable.MyCDisonthetable.(合并为一句)Myclock________CD________onthetable.6．Don’tfishinthepool.（保持句意基本不变）Fishing________________inthepool.7．TheOlympicGamestakeplaceinanimportantcityonceeveryfouryears.（保持句意基本不变）TheOlympicGames________inanimportantcityonceeveryfouryears.8．Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.(改写句子，句意不变)Students__________________toputuphandsinclass.9．OurgovernmentprovidesfreemedicalcareforNCPpatients.

(改成被动语态)Freemedicalcare______________forNCPpatients.10．Theywashthebusesofthepanytwiceaweek.(改为被动语态)Thebusesofthepany________________twiceaweek.分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练1．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）Withdoublereductionpolicy(双减政策),students________lesshomeworknowsothattheyhaveenoughtimetotakepartinmoreactivities.A．willgive B．weregiven C．aregiven2．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—ManyDIYcards________tomothersonMother’sDayeveryyear.—Howcreative!A．issending B．aresending C．issent D．aresent3．（2022·河北·中考真题）—Mmm…Delicious.Whatisit?—It________zongzi,Tony.It’satraditionalfoodinChina.A．calls B．iscalled C．called D．wascalled4．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）—Waiter,aglassofapplejuice,please.—Sorry.Applejuice________onlyatbreakfast.A．serves B．isserved C．isserving5．（2022·天津·中考真题）Alotofbirds________innatureparkseveryyear.A．protect B．isprotected C．areprotected D．protected6．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）TheteainYunnanissofamousthatit________toplacesacrosstheworldeveryday.A．sends B．sent C．issent D．willbesent7．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Chinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldtoday.A．learns B．learned C．waslearned D．islearned8．（2017·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Thiskindofbooksellswelland_________outinthisbookshop.A．issold B．sells C．sold D．aresold9．（2016·吉林·中考真题）Rice________byhandinmanycountries,suchasChinaandIndia.A．grows B．isgrown C．grew10．（2016·吉林长春·中考真题）ChineseNewYear________theSpringFestival.Peopleofteneatdumplings.A．iscalled B．wascalled C．calls D．called题组B能力提升练11．（2019·湖北十堰·中考真题）Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,5G________tohelpuslivemoreconveniently.A．uses B．isused C．canuse D．used12．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）Allcustomers________totaketheirtemperatureswhentheyenterthesupermarket.A．isasked B．wasasked C．areasked D．wereasked13．（2021·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）Thevideosaboutcookingtellushowfood_______.A．makes B．made C．ismade D．wasmade14．（2021·广西玉林·中考真题）—Mom,Ifeelalittlebithungrynow.—Thesecakes_______withchocolate.Havesome,please.A．arefilled B．filled C．fill D．arefilling15．（2021·广西桂林·中考真题）Thesegreatbooks________bypeopleallovertheworldtoday.A．wereread B．read C．areread16．（2021·广西梧州·中考真题）InourEnglishclass,manychances________tostudentstoshowthemselves.A．offer B．areoffered C．offered D．areoffering17．（2021·湖南益阳·中考真题）—Howcleantheroadsare!—They______bythehardworkingcleanerseveryday.A．arecleaned B．clean C．willclean18．（2021·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Dowehavetoreadanythingnextweek,MrWu?—Sure,You________toreadBlackBeautyfrompages58to85.A．wereexpected B．willexpect C．areexpecting D．areexpected19．（2021·重庆·中考真题）Alotoftrees________inourcityinspringeveryyear.A．areplanted B．wereplanted C．plant D．planted20．（2020·辽宁大连·中考真题）Iftherivers__________,farmerscan’tusethewaterfortheircrops.A．polluted B．werepolluted C．arepolluting D．arepolluted题组C培优拔尖练21．（2021·上海青浦·一模）AteveryOlympicGames,somesportsareaddedandothersareremoved.（保持句意基本不变）AteveryOlympicGames,somesportsareaddedandothersare________________.22．（2020·山东济南·二模）Readers,apopularTVshow,invitespeopletoreadpoemsandarticlestheylike.(同义句)InReaders,apopularTVshow,people________________toreadpoemsandarticlestheylike.23．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）Mymommakesmedothedisheseveryday.（改为被动语态）Iam________________dothedisheseveryday.24．（2022·甘肃甘肃·中考真题）Thebeescollecthoneyfromtheflowers.(改为被动语态)Honey________________fromtheflowersbythebees.25．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Schoolsusuallydon’tallowstudentstoweartheirownclothesatschool.(改为被动语态)Students_______usuallynot_______toweartheirownclothesatschool.26．（2022·上海崇明·一模）Theycheckeverypassenger’sluggageattheundergroundstation.(改为被动语态)Everypassenger’sluggage________________attheundergroundstation.27．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Maywritesseveralarticlesabouttraditionalskillseverymonth.(改为被动语态)Severalarticlesabouttraditionalskills______________byMayeverymonth.28．（2020·上海静安·一模）Lawrequiresthewearingofseatbelts.（改为被动语态）Thewearingofseatbelts______________bylaw.29．（2022·上海·模拟预测）EachyearpeopleaddnewrecordstotheGuinnessBookofRecords.(改为被动语态)Eachyearnewrecords________________totheGuinnessBookofRecords.30．（2021·山东·模拟预测）Theyoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.(改为被动语态)Theclassroom________often________bythemafterschool.31．（2021·上海浦东新·一模）Wepreparetheflowerteainthesamewayastheregulartea.（改为被动语态）Theflowertea_____inthesamewayastheregulartea.32．（2021·上海·模拟预测）Everyyear,weinvitemanydoctorstogivelecturesonkeepingfitandhealthy.(改为被动语态)Everyyear,manydoctors________________togivelecturesonkeepingfitandhealthy.33．（2021·上海虹口