初中英语语法句子成分精讲

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载一、句子成分精讲句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。Theschoolisfarfromhere.名词做主语Shegoestoschoolbybike.代词做主语Eightisaluckynumber.数词做主语Theblindneedmorehelp.名词化的形容词做主语Thereisapenonthedesk.名词做主语Predictingthefutureisinteresting.动名词做主语Tobeadoctorismydream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.LiteachesEnglish.Hecanplaythepiano.MyparentsandIarehavingdinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Yourpenisonthedesk.Hegotveryangry.Mydreamistohavearobot.常见的系动词1.be动词2.与感觉有关的动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等3.表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得”“变成”如get,grow,turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.名词做宾语Iwantthree.数词做宾语Ilikegoingshopping.动名词做宾语Wethinkpredictingthefutureishard.宾语从句5、宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。充当宾补的有:1.形容词作宾语补足语Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.介词短语作宾语补足语:Ifoundherintheroom.3.副词作宾语补足语。Pleaselethimin.4.名词作宾语补足语。Wemadehimmonitoroftheclass.5.动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。Iaskedhimtocome.6、定语定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)1.形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)Theyhaveacleverson.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.名词作定语:Isitacolorfilm?名词作定语一般用单数形式,如:schoolbus,ticketoffice,paperflowers但也有例外,如:sportsmeeting,clothesshopman和woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:mendrivers,womendoctors3.代词作定语:Thissongisbetterthanthatone.4.数词作定语:Thereareonlythirtystudentsinourclass.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.atwo-dayholidayathree-year-oldboy5.副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Doyouknowtheyoungmanoverthere?6.介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Thestudentsinourclasslikeswimming.7、状语修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句,用以说明地点,时间,方式,程度,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步等.1.副词作状语:Theoldmaniswalkingslowly.表方式Theboyisveryclever.表程度2.介词短语作状语:IhavelivedinShanghaiforfiveyears.表时间3.不定式作状语Icomeheretoseeyou.表目的4.现在分词作状语Theteachercamein,holdingabookinhishand.表方式5.状语从句We’llgoshoppingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.状语的位置1.在一般情况下,用于句末。Welikeourschoolverymuch.2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.Iusuallygetupatsix,butthismorningIgotupateight.3.表频度的副词通常用于句中,如always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后Iusuallygetupearly.Heisoftenlate.一些副词,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,suddenly,certainly等用法相似sometimes,now可以位于句首,句中或句末only在句中的位置比较灵活,但位置不同,意义也不同.Theactoronlysangasong.Onlytheactorsangasong.Theactorsangonlyonesong.两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1.地点状语在前,时间状语在后.WewillhaveameetinginRoom202tomorrow.2.较小单位的状语在前,由小到大Mr.Lilivesat88ChongwenRd.,Suzhou,Jiangsu.3.一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语,其顺序大都是:程度副词,方式副词,地点副词,时间副词Shesangverywellatthemeetinglastnight.时间和地点状语也可以位于句首,表示强调或使上下文更为连贯UsuallyIreadthenewspapersinthemorning,butyesterdayIreadthemintheevening.划分句子成分练习题（1）1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.2.Seeingisbelieving3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch4.Shebecameadoctorin19985.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine6.Suddenlyitbeginstorain7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday8.Ialwaysfindherhappy9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.12.Hesaidhedidn'tcome.13.Theyloveeachother.14.Whatdidyoubuy?15.Shewatchedherdaughterplaythepiano.16.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.17.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.18.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.21.Waitingforhermademeangry.22.Don’tmisstheOceanWaves!划分句子成分练习题(2)（一).指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

(二).选出句中谓语的中心词

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall

②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer

③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus

④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon

⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework

⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is

⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor

⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music

⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语①

Mybrother

hasn't

done

hishomework.

ABCD

②

People

all

over

theworld

speak

English.

ABCD

③Youmustpay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

ABCD④Howmanynew

words

did

you

learn

lastclass?

ABCD⑤Someofthe

students

intheschoolwant

togoswimming,

how

about

you?

ABCD

⑥The

oldman

sitting

atthegate

said

hewasill.

ABCD

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

oftheclass.

ABCD

⑧Go

across

the

bridge

andyou

willfind

themuseum

ontheleft.

ABCD

⑨Youwillfind

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

ABCD

⑩

They

didn'tknow

who

"Father

Christmas"reallyis.

ABCD挑出下列句中的表语

①

Theoldman

was

feeling

very

tired.

ABCD

②Whyis

he

worried

about

Jim?

ABCD

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

ABCD

④Soon

They

all

becameinterested

inthesubject.

ABCD

⑤She

was

thefirst

tolearn

aboutit.

ABCD

(五)挑出下列句中的定语

①

They

use

Mr.Mrs.withthe

family

name.

ABCD②

What

is

your

given

name?

ABCD③Onthe

third

lap

are

Class1andClass3.

ABCD

④Iam

afraid

some

people

forgot

tosweep

thefloor.

ABCD

⑤

Theman

downstairs

was

trying

tosleep.

ABCD⑥

I

amwaiting

for

thesound

oftheothershoe!

ABCD

（六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She

likes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooks

inthe

reading-room.ABCD②He

asked

her

totaketheboy

outofschool.

ABCD③She

found

it

difficult

todothework.

ABCD④They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

ABCD

⑤

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

ABCD

⑥Didyousee

LiMing

playingfootball

ontheplayground

justnow?

ABCD

(七)挑出下列句中的状语

①

There

was

abigsmile

onherface.

ABCD