2024年高考英语仿真模拟卷01全解全析（新高考Ⅰ卷）

2024高考仿真模拟卷01英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的考生号、姓名、考点学校、考场号及座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1．Howisthemanpreparingtousethetools?A．Bylearningatwork. B．Bywatchingonlinevideos. C．Byreadingtheinstructions.【答案】B【原文】W:Doyouknowhowtousethosepowertools?Idon’twantyoutogethurt.Pleasereadtheinstructions.M:Ihavebeenwatchingvideosonthiswebsite.Don’tforget,Iusedtoworkwithaprofessional.Heshowedmeallthesetools.2．Whenwillthemancleanuphisroom?A．Injusthalfanhour. B．Afterseeingthemovie. C．Beforegoingtothecinema.【答案】B【原文】W:Youalwaysthrowyourclotheseverywhere.Andyourshoesarealloverthefloor.M:Sorry.ButcanIcleanupmyroomafteringbackfromthecinema?Themoviewillbegininhalfanhour.W:OK.3．WhydidMikegotoChina?A．Tohaveabusinesstrip.B．Tomeetwithhisboss.C．Tolearnaboutteaculture.【答案】A【原文】W:John,isMikeingforteatomorrow?M:No.He’sinChinanow.Hisbosssenthimtheretotrainsomenewemployeeslastweek.W:Oh,Itotallyforgotthat.4．Whydothespeakerschoosethesubway?A．Theweatheristoohot. B．Thetimeisverytight. C．Theircarisbeingrepaired.【答案】A【原文】W:Youknowwhat?AnexhibitionofPicasso’spaintingsisbeingheldintheArtGallery.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:HowcanImissit?Butitisburninghot.Wewillmeltifwecyclethere.W:Sowehavenochoicebuttotakethesubway.Ifonlywehadacar!5．WhichfilmdoesMikeprefer?A．Thehorrorfilm. B．Thehistoricalfilm. C．Thesciencefictionfilm.【答案】C【原文】M:Hi,Lily.What’sondowntown?W,Hi.Mike.TheGrandTheaterhasahistoricalfilm.TheStarCinemahasasciencefictionfilm.Andthere’sahorrorfilmintheSunshineTheater.M:Let’sgototheStarCinema,Theothertwofilmssoundboring.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whydoesthegirlwantababybrother?A．Topleaseherdad.B．Toenjoybeingabigsister.C．Toraise‘animalstogetherwithhim.7．Whatdoesthegirlhopetodoatlast?A．Keepadog. B．Getacutecat. C．Lookafterherbrother.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】W:Dad,willIhaveababybrother?M:Sweetie,I’mnotsurenow.Youhavehadtwoelderbrothers.Whydoyouwantababybrother?W:Ithinkbeingabigsisterwillbesomuchfun!M:Yes,youcanshareyourfavoritetoyswithhim.Andyoucanhavefuntogether.W:Prettygood!ButIthinkIshouldkeepapetandlearntosharefirst.M:Maybewecangetananimal,likeadogoracat.W:Yay!Thatsoundswonderful.Icansharemytoyswithacutedog!听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Howwillthewomandealwiththeproblemonthefrontpage?A．Maketheletterslarger.B．Deletethepooldesign.C．Leavethepageblank.9．Onwhichpagewillthewomanaddapicture?A．Page2. B．Page4. C．Page5.10．Whatcolorwastheprintofthepricesatfirst?A．Black. B．Red. C．Blue.【答案】8．A9．C10．A【原文】M:Goodafternoon.I’mheretoreprintabrochureforourhotel.Somepagesneedrevising.W:Whatexactlyistheproblem?M:Well,someinformationisalreadyoutofdate.Therearealsoacoupleofproblemswiththedesign.Firstly,thelettersonthefrontpagearefartoosmall.So,increasethelettersby3sizes.W:OK,whatelse?M:Theinformationregardingthepoolshouldbedeletedonpage2.W:Butwecan’tjustleavethewholepageblank.M:Justfillitinwiththeintroductionofournewlyopenedgym.W:Isee.M:What’salsobotheringusisthedescriptionunderthetopphotoonpage4.Youcanreplacethewordwith“reception”.W:Isthatall?M:No,thereismore.Turntopage5.You’dbetteruseapicturewiththeviewofthehotel.W:OK.M:Let’sturntothenextpage.Accordingtothecustomers,thepricesdonotstandout,sochangetheprintfromblacktoredorbluetomakeitpopout.W:Igotit.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?A．Thefactthatrobotswillreplacehumansentirely.B．Thefactthatrobotswilltakejobsfromhumans.C．Thefactthatrobotswillbeintroducedintopeople’shomes.12．Howdoesthemanthinkaboutrobots?A．Theydomorewithlesscost.B．Theyarenotveryfriendly.C．Theybreakdownregularly.13．Whatpercentageofjobswillbeatriskduringthenextdecade?A．3%. B．15%. C．33%.【答案】11．B12．A13．C【原文】M:Inthefuture,manyofourcurrentjobswillbedonebyrobots.W:Thefutureiscloserthanyouthink.Severalofmyfriendswerefiredinacarfactory,becauserobotsarenowreplacingthem.M:Robotsdoofferbetteroutput(产量)forlesscost.Theycanoperatealldayandnight.W:Thisistrue,butmyfriendsarenolongerearninganymoney.M:Hopefullytheywillbeabletofindotherjobs.W:Itisgettinghardertofindajobthatwillnotbereplacedinafewyears’time.M:Thisistrue.Ireadareportthatsaidinthisdecade,3%ofjobswereatriskfrommachines.W:Ireadthesamereport.Thatnumberwouldjumpto33%duringthenextdecade.M:Yes,buttheyalsopointedoutthatrobotsandartificialintelligencecouldboosttheglobaleconomyby$15trillion.W:Doyouthinktheywillreplacelawyerslikeus?M:Notanytimesoon.W:Wehavetoworklonghours,butatleastwehavejobsecurity.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whatdidthewomandotoaffordherlongholiday?A．Shesharedthecostwithotherpeople.B．Sheearnedenoughmoneybeforetraveling.C．Sheavoidedspendingtoomuchonacmodation.15．Wheredidthewomanbeginhertrip?A．InGreece. B．InFrance. C．InGermany.16．Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthefamilyrestaurant?A．TheyhadEnglishspeakingcustomers.B．NobodyinthefamilyspokeEnglish.C．Oneofthechildrenemployedher.17．Whywasthejobperfectforthewoman?A．Itslocationwasneartheislands.B．Thefamilyhadaboatshecoulduse.C．Shedidn’tneedtoworkattheweekend.【答案】14．C15．B16．A17．C【原文】M:WehaveCarrieLewisontheshowtodaywhohasjustreturnedfromafourmonthholidayinEurope.Wheredidyoufindthemoneytogoonsuchalongholiday?W:Well,Icertainlydidn’tstayinexpensivehotels.Ioftenstayedwithfriendsinthosecities.Besides,mostplaceshavesomehotelsthatcanbecheap.Thenyoucanalwaysfindworkwhileyou’retraveling.M:Sowheredidyougothisyear?W:IstartedinFranceandthenspenttwoweeksinGermany.ButIwantedtogetGreecetoworkinarestaurant.IhadwrittentoafewplacesbeforeIlefthomeandoneofthemhadofferedmework,soIgotthereassoonaspossible.M:Anddidyougetthejob?W:Idid.ItwasalovelyfamilyrestaurantinAthensandtheywerelookingforsomeonewhocouldspeakEnglishtohelpwiththecustomers.They’vegotchildrenwhocanspeakit,buttheyweren’taroundoverthesummer,sotheyemployedme.M:Sothatpaidforyourholidaythen.W:Mostofit,yes.Itwasperfectformeastheyonlywantedmetoworkthereduringtheweek.ThatmeantIcouldvisittheislandsattheweekend.IusedtocatchtheboatonFridayevening,havetwonightsonanislandsomewhereandthengetbackonSundaynightreadyforwork.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Howmanykidswerethereintheresearch?A．10. B．14. C．400.19．Howlongdomostkidsspendonthescreeneverydayinthisstudy?A．Lessthan3hours. B．About5hours. C．Morethan6hours.20．Whatdoesthespeakersuggestintheend?A．Studentsshouldreducetheirtimeonthescreen.B．Parentsshouldn’tbuymobilephonesfortheirchildren.C．Parentsshouldmunicatewiththeirchildrenmorefrequently.【答案】18．C19．B20．C【原文】W:Hi,itisScienceCharm.I’mRosy.Manyparentsareworriedthattheirchildrenspendtoomuchtimeonthescreen,suchaswatchingTVandplayingwiththemobilephone,whichwilldoharmtotheirmentalhealth.Butanewstudyshowstheopposite.Aprofessorofpsychologicalsciencetellsusthatifparentsturnoffthemediawhichchildrenusetoconnectwithfriendsandsearchforinformation,itwillleadtoaworseconsequence.Theprofessorandhiscolleaguedidresearchon400studentsaged10to14abouttheirscreenbehaviors.Theyfoundthatmostkidsspendabout5hoursonthescreeneveryday.Butthereisnoconnectionbetweentheamountoftimeonthescreenandmentalhealth.Instead,childrenwhosendmoretextmessageshavebettermentalhealth.Thisisasmallassociation,butitreflectsifwestayconnectedonline,wealsohavegoodconnectionsoffline.Actually,kidshavedepressionduetosomethingotherthanthetimetheyspendonline.Wearesobusywithourstudyandworkthatwehavenotimetoexchangeideas.Wehopeparentswillspendlesstimeworryingaboutmobilephonesandmoretimetalkingtoyourchildren.Itisthebestwaytohavementalhealth.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInternationalApplicationTheUniversityofCambridgewelesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.Attractingsomanytalentedinternationalapplicantsmeanspetitionforplacesisfierce.However,academicachievementandpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates.TheapplicationprocessTheapplicationprocessisthesameforallapplicants.WhilstmuchoftheinformationpresentedonthiswebsiteisfocusedonGCE,andALevels,manyotherschoolandnationalexaminationsatanequallevelarealsoacceptable.AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughtheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService(UCAS）,whichoperatesonaprequalificationbasiswhereoffersaremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheirfinalgrades.Offerholdersarefinallyconfirmedorrejectedoncetheresultsfortherelevantqualificationsarereceived.UCASwillrequireapplicants’predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicant’sschoolbelievestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.ThesepredictedgradesareusedduringtheadmissionsprocesstohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicant’spotential.Forastepbystepguide,pleaserefertoourmainApplyingpages.ApplicationfeeMostinternationalapplicantsarerequiredtopayanapplicationfeeof£60.Thisisastandardchargethatsupportstheadministrationoftheapplicationprocessandmaintenanceofthesystemsusedinthisprocess.SeeTermsandconditionsoftheapplicationfee.21．WhydoestheCambridgeuniversityweleoverseasstudents?A．Theyareforeigners.B．Theyaremorequalifiedthanlocalstudents.C．Theywillprovidediversityforthecampus.D．TheywillberecognizedbytheUKgovernment.22．Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheapplicationprocess?A．Gaokaoresultscanplayapart.B．Internationalexperienceisamust.C．Anofferistheguaranteeofadmission.D．Applicant’sschoolcanpredicttheresult.23．Whowouldbethemostlikelytargetreaderofthetext?A．ABritishtwelfthgrader.B．AHongKongeleventhgrader.C．AstudentinPekingUniversity.D．AjuniorhighschoolstudentfromBeijing.【答案】21．C22．D23．B【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了申请英国剑桥大学的相关信息。21．细节理解题。根据InternationalApplication中的“Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.(我们认识到多元化学生群体的巨大学术和文化价值。招收来自英国以外的学生使我们能够从尽可能广泛的人才库中寻找人才。)”可知，剑桥大学欢迎海外学生是因为他们能够丰富校园的多样性。故选C。22．细节理解题。根据Theapplicationprocess中的“AllapplicationstoUKuniversitiesaremadethroughtheUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService(UCAS）,whichoperatesonaprequalificationbasiswhereoffersaremadeinadvanceofapplicantsachievingtheirfinalgrades.(所有英国大学的申请都是通过大学和学院招生服务(UCAS)进行的，该服务以资格预审为基础，在申请人达到最终成绩之前发出录取通知。)”以及“UCASwillrequireapplicants’predictedgrades.Apredictedgradeisthegradeofqualificationanapplicant’sschoolbelievestheyarelikelytoachieve,allthingsbeingwell.ThesepredictedgradesareusedduringtheadmissionsprocesstohelptheUniversityunderstandeachapplicant’spotential.(UCAS将要求申请人提供预期成绩。预期成绩是申请人所在学校认为他们在一切顺利的情况下可能达到的资格等级。这些预测分数在录取过程中被用来帮助大学了解每个申请人的潜力。)”可知，申请人申请的学校可以根据申请人个人提供预期成绩预测是否录取的结果。故选D。23．推理判断题。根据文章InternationalApplication中的“TheUniversityofCambridgewelesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedinternationalstudents.Werecognizethegreatacademicandculturalvalueofadiversestudentbody.AdmittingstudentsfromoutsidetheUKallowsustoseektalentfromthewidestpossiblepool.（剑桥大学欢迎符合条件的国际学生申请。我们认识到多元化学生群体的巨大学术和文化价值。招收来自英国以外的学生使我们能够从尽可能广泛的人才库中寻找人才。）”以及第二段中“However,academicachievementandpotentialremaintheselectioncriteriaforseniorhighschoolcandidates.”（然而，学业成绩和潜力仍然是高中生的选拔标准）可知，本文介绍的是来自英国以外的学生的大学申请，选项B中香港的十一年级的学生，相当于高二的学生，可能是本文的目标读者。故选B。BAbrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardpetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World’sUgliestLawn”.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脱水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,areingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotlandinSweden.“Hugeamountsofwaterareusedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics(美学).Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedtoaffectupto2.4billionpeopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailabilityofgroundwater,”thepetitionorganizerssaid.TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray’slawn“boastsdeepanddrydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots(袋狸)andnotonedustcovereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleaseabouthertriumph,“Iamterriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnontheplanet!Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.”ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,“Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflifegivingliquid,thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.”Organizersadded,“GotlandaimstoshowtoSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn’thavetobedull.”24．WhatcanwesayabouttheyardpetitionorganizedinSweden?A．Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.B．Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin.C．Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.D．Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.25．Whatisthepurposeofthisyardpetition?A．Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns. B．Toencouragepeopletobecreative.C．Tochallengethenormofaesthetics. D．Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”inparagraph4mean?A．Ambition. B．Success. C．Sorrow. D．Barrier.27．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．People’sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSwedenB．LawnsAndRareBandicootsCallingForUrgentProtectionC．ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCauseD．TheWorld’sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld【答案】24．A25．D26．B27．C【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。24．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardpetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe‘World’sUgliestLawn’.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脱水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.(棕色干燥的草坪不是很多园丁会夸耀的。但这正是瑞典庭院比赛组织者在推出‘世界上最丑草坪’奖时所希望的。来自世界各地的人们被邀请在社交媒体上发布他们脱水草的照片，以赢得这一不确定的荣誉。)”可推测，该奖项非常规奖项，所以人们甚至怀疑它的真实性。故选A项。25．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof‘savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforgreenlawns’.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,areingunderincreasingexaminationasclimatechangemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.(据该项目背后的人说，其目的是提高人们对‘通过改变绿色草坪的规范在全球范围内节约用水’的认识。由于气候变化使干旱期更加频繁和强烈，草坪可能需要大量的水来维持，因此草坪正受到越来越多的审查。)”可知，这场庭院比赛的目的是提醒人们注意缺水问题。故选D项。26．词句猜测题。由文章第四段“TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.(这个不太可能的头衔被授予了居住在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚州桑福德的KathleenMurray。)”可知，KathleenMurray获得“世界上最丑草坪”奖，所以划线单词的句子应表示Murray在新闻稿中谈到了她的获奖的成功，所以猜测triumph表“成功”。故选B项。27．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Abrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.ButthatisexactlythekindofyardpetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe‘World’sUgliestLawn’.Peoplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脱水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhonor.(棕色干燥的草坪不是很多园丁会夸耀的。但这正是瑞典庭院比赛组织者在推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖时所希望的。来自世界各地的人们被邀请在社交媒体上发布他们脱水草的照片，以赢得这一不确定的荣誉。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者为了提醒人们注意缺水问题，推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。所以C项ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCause(一块草坪被评为全球最丑陋草坪，只为做一件好事)符合语境。故选C项。CHowisitthataflyalwaysseemstobebuzzingaroundyourfoodmomentsafteryousitdownforanoutdoormeal?Theanswerispractice.Or,morespecifically:evolution(进化).Fliesandotherinsectshavebeenonamultimillionyearjourneyofevolution,improvingtheirabilitytodetectfood.Beingabletozeroinonnutritiousmealsisamatteroflifeanddeath.ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallyeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.Thereisalotofpetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheirpetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojections(凸起)fromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptors(受体)forspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugarbasedmolecules,anenergyrichfoodsourceforus.What’sa“good”ora“bad”smellcandifferdependingontheanimaldoingthesmelling.Theattractiverottingmeatstench(恶臭)thataflyfindsdelightfulisperceivedquitedifferentlybyapersonpassingbyanunpleasantgarbagecanonahotday.Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.28．Whydoestheauthorfocusonblowfliesinhisstudy?A．Theyhaveattractivedeepgreencolors.B．Theyhavegonethroughmuchevolution.C．Theyhaveunusualabilitytosensesmells.D．Theyareeasiertocontrolthanotherspecies.29．Inwhichfielddoblowflieshaveanadvantageovertheirpetitors?A．Detectingfoodresources. B．Designingflyingroutes.C．Producingnutritionoutofgarbage. D．Escapingfromenemies.30．Howdoestheauthordevelopthefourthparagraph?A．Byexplainingaprinciple. B．Bymakingaparison.C．Byfollowingtimeorder. D．Bydescribingaprocess.31．What’sthemessageimpliedinthelastparagraph?A．It’srathereasytowipeouttheblowflies.B．Nutritiousfoodsusuallyhaveattractivesmells.C．Thereceptorsplayakeyroleinflies’survival.D．Fliesfindasmellsignalmuchfasterthanhumans.【答案】28．C29．A30．B31．C【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章以绿头苍蝇为例，解释了苍蝇是如何通过感受器快速探测食物的，它们的气味感受器在苍蝇的生存中起到了重要的作用。28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ThefamilyoffliesthatIstudy—theblowflies—arethebuzzingonesthatareusuallyabeautifulmetallicblue,withbronzeandgreencolors.They’veperfectedtheirabilitytoquicklysensethesmellsthatnaturallyeoffpicnicsandgarbagecans.(我研究的苍蝇家族——绿头苍蝇——是一种嗡嗡作响的苍蝇，通常是一种美丽的金属蓝色，带有青铜色和绿色。他们已经完善了快速感知野餐和垃圾桶自然产生的气味的能力)”可知，作者关注绿头苍蝇是由于它们有不同寻常的嗅觉能力。故选C。29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thereisalotofpetitionforaresourcelikeanoverflowinggarbagecanbecauseofhownutritiousgarbage,withthemeatrottinginit,is.Buttheblowfliescansensethesesmellslongbeforetheirpetitorsorpeoplecan,andtendtoshowuptothescenefirst.(像一个满溢的垃圾桶这样的资源会有很多竞争，因为垃圾的营养价值很高，里面有腐烂的肉。但绿头苍蝇能比它们的竞争对手或人类更早地嗅到这些气味，而且往往会先出现在现场)”可知，绿头苍蝇比起竞争对手能更快地探测食物资源。故选A。30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Sensingsystemsdifferdependingontheinsectandspecies.Theblowflies’mainsensingorganistheirantennae,twothinprojectionsfromtheheadthatarecoveredintinyhairs.Thesefinehairsaremadeupofspecialcellsthatcontainreceptorsforspecificsmells.Thinkaboutabatchofchocolatechipcookiesfreshfromtheoven.Youcandetecttheirdelicioussmellsbecausewehumanshavereceptorsonthesurfacesofthecellsthatlinetheinsideofournoses.Thesereceptorssendsignalstothebrain:yummyfoodahead.They’redetectingthesweetsmellofsugarbasedmolecules,anenergyrichfoodsourceforus.(感应系统因昆虫和物种的不同而不同。绿头苍蝇的主要感知器官是它们的触角，这是它们头部的两个薄薄的突起，上面覆盖着细小的毛发。这些细毛是由特殊的细胞组成的，这些细胞含有对特定气味的感受器。想想刚从烤箱里出来的一批巧克力饼干。你可以闻到它们的香味，因为我们人类鼻子内部的细胞表面有感受器。这些感受器向大脑发送信号：前方有美味的食物。它们能探测到糖基分子的甜味，这是一种能量丰富的食物来源)”可知，文章第四段作者是通过将苍蝇的感受器和人的感受器进行对比来描述的。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butanyflythatcandetecttheusefulsmellsignal,whichmeans“nutritiousflyfoodhere”,willhaveanadvantage.Overtime,theinsectsthathavethereceptorsforthosesmellswillhavebettersurvivalratesandproducemoregenerations.(但是任何能够探测到有用的气味信号，意味着“这里有营养的苍蝇食物”的苍蝇，将具有优势。随着时间的推移，拥有这些气味感受器的昆虫将有更好的存活率，并产生更多的后代)”可推知，气味感受器在苍蝇的生存中起到了重要的作用。故选C。DAmericanslovetheirautomobiles.Solong,itseems,astheydon’trunonbatteries.AsurveypublishedinJulybythePewResearchCentrefoundthatlessthantwofifthsofthemwouldconsiderbuyinganelectricvehicle(EV).DespiteexpandingchargingnetworksandmoreEVmodelstochoosefrom,thatisaslightlylowersharethantheyearbefore.ThebiggestblocktoEVenthusiasminAmericaisprice.TheaverageEVtheresellsfor$52,000,estimatesCoxAutomotive,aconsultancy.Thatisnotaworldawayfromthe$48,000thatAmericanstypicallypayforapetrolvehicle.Buttotalcostsofownership,whichbinethesalespriceandrunningcostsforfiveyears,varymorewidely.At$65,000,thetypicalEVis$9,000moreexpensivetoownthanapetrolcar(owingtofactorslikepriceyhomechargers,dearerinsuranceand,paredwithEuropeandChina,inexpensivepetrol).AllthisleavesAmerica’scarindustrycirclingaroundabout.Consumers’unwillingnesstopayforexpensiveEVsisforcingcarmakerstotakeactiontoshiftstock(库存).Teslahascutitspricesseveraltimesinthepastyear.Carmakersareofferingaveragediscountsofalmost10%ontheirEVs,morethantwiceasgenerousasforpetrolcars.Butthisismakingitevenharderforthepaniestomakemoneyfrombatterypower.Continuedlossesinturnmaymakecarfirmsloseappetitetoinvestinabroaderelectricofferingthatwouldappealtobuyers.Americancarmakersarestillhopingtheycanescapethisvicious(恶性的)circle.TheyaremostlypostponingtheirAmericanEVinvestmentsratherthanpullingtheplugonthem.AndfromJanuarytheEVtaxcredits(免税)willalsobeavailableatthepointofsale,makingitlessburdensomeforbuyerstotakeadvantageofthem.Allthiscouldeventuallygenerateprofitsforcarfirms.Eventuallymay,though,eabitlaterthanhoped.32．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．ThelackofdiversityofEVs.B．TheuncertainprospectofEVs.C．ThebarriertothepurchaseofEVs.D．TheurgencyofpricereductiononEVs.33．HowdocarmakersdealwiththedepressedEVindustry?A．IssuingEVtaxcreditspolicy.B．OfferingbetterdiscountsonEVs.C．Cuttingdownthecostofproduction.D．Investinginawiderelectricoffering.34．Whatisthecarmakers’attitudetowardsthefutureofEVindustry?A．Dissatisfied. B．Dismissive. C．Cautious. D．Casual.35．Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A．IsAmerica’sEVRevolutionSuspending?B．DoElectricVehiclesOutweighPetrolCars?C．EVRevolutionIsPromotingEnergyTransitionD．EVIsGraduallyDominatingAmerica’sCarIndustry【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了美国电动汽车行业面临的挑战和困境，包括电动汽车价格昂贵导致购买者热情不高，增加销售折扣导致利润下降等问题，文章最后指出，美国汽车制造商仍希望摆脱当前的困境，实现盈利可能会比预期的时间晚一些。32．主旨大意题。第二段第一句“ThebiggestblocktoEVenthusiasminAmericaisprice.(在美国，阻碍电动汽车热情的最大障碍是价格。)”是此段主题句，指出价格是阻碍美国人购买电动汽车的最大障碍；下文通过引用咨询公司CoxAutomotive的数据，通过具体的数字来说明价格是最大障碍；由此可知，这一段主要讨论了影响美国人购买电动汽车热情的障碍——电动汽车的拥有成本较高。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Consumers’unwillingnesstopayforexpensiveEVsisforcingcarmakerstotakeactiontoshiftstock(库存).Teslahascutitspricesseveraltimesinthepastyear.Carmakersareofferingaveragediscountsofalmost10%ontheirEVs,morethantwiceasgenerousasforpetrolcars.(消费者不愿为昂贵的电动汽车买单，迫使汽车制造商采取行动转移库存。在过去的一年里，特斯拉已经多次降价。汽车制造商提供的电动汽车平均折扣接近10%，是汽油车的两倍多。)”可知，美国汽车制造商被迫在电动汽车上提供大幅折扣以销出库存，以应对电动汽车行业的低迷。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Americancarmakersarestillhopingtheycanescapethisvicious(恶性的)circle.TheyaremostlypostponingtheirAmericanEVinvestmentsratherthanpullingtheplugonthem.(美国汽车制造商仍然希望他们能够摆脱这种恶性循环。他们大多推迟了在美国的电动汽车投资，而不是停止投资。)”可知，美国汽车制造商仍然希望能摆脱这种恶性循环，他们大多推迟了在美国的电动汽车投资，而不是停止投资；由此可知，美国汽车制造商对电动汽车行业的未来持谨慎态度。故选C。35．主旨大意题。文章第一段“Americanslovetheirautomobiles.Solong,itseems,astheydon’trunonbatteries.AsurveypublishedinJulybythePewResearchCentrefoundthatlessthantwofifthsofthemwouldconsiderbuyinganelectricvehicle(EV).DespiteexpandingchargingnetworksandmoreEVmodelstochoosefrom,thatisaslightlylowersharethantheyearbefore.(美国人喜欢他们的汽车。这么久了，似乎是因为它们不是靠电池运行的。皮尤研究中心7月发布的一项调查发现，只有不到五分之二的人会考虑购买电动汽车。尽管充电网络不断扩大，电动汽车车型也越来越多，但这一比例略低