口译理论与实践学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

口译理论与实践学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年Never________thefishover,becausefishsymbolizesaboatinfishingcommunityinChinaandgoingsomeansturningthe______over.

答案:flip;livelihoodInChina,______isneverexpectedtosplitthebill,becauseitmaymeanthe________cannotaffordthebill.

答案:guest;hostPleasetranslatethefollowingphrasesaccordingtowhatyouhavelearntinthevideo.用餐礼仪

尊贵的客人

上茶

表示感谢

餐桌转盘

答案:diningetiquette;distinguishedguest;pourtea;showgratitude;lazysusanWhatcannotbedonewithchopsticks?

答案:Takethechopsticksdirectlyatsomeone;LeavethechopsticksstickinguprightofthedishesAccordingtoChinesetraditionalculture,whenthefoodisserved,whogetsthefirstbite?Themost________people

答案:seniorHowtoshowtheteaisout?

答案:leavethelidpartiallyoffatthesideofthetableHowtoshowgratitudewhenverbalthankyouisdisruptedwhensomeoneispouringteaforyou?

答案:Takeyourindexandmiddlefinger,bendthemandtabthemonthetableUsuallyteapothandleshouldbetakeninthe_______hand.

答案:rightUsually,thelidoftheteapotshouldbeplacedinthe______hand.

答案:leftWheredothepersonfootingthebillusuallysit?

答案:oppositesideofthepersonofhonorThesecondmostimportantpeopleusuallysitsonthe______sideofthepersonofhonor.

答案:RightAccordingtoChinesetraditionalculture,ordering______numberofdishesisusuallyforfuneralmealsandbringsbadluck.

答案:oddHotPothasbeenChinesefavoritesince______Dynasty

答案:TangToday,themostcommongreetingforfriendsandfamilyisstill“__________”(awholesentence)

答案:HaveyoueatenyetWhatshouldalsobecapturedduringinterpretingbesidesverbalexpressions?

答案:inflections;tone;voicequality;bodylanguagesWhichformoftranslationshouldbemoreaccurate?

答案:TranslatingWhichformoftranslationcanbedoneoverthephoneorviavideo?

答案:InterpretingPleasetranslatethefollowingsentence.水调歌头

答案:PreludetoWaterMelodyFromacademiaperspective,OttoKadedefinedinterpreting

as

aformof

__________

inwhichafirstandfinal

___________

inanotherlanguageisproducedonthebasisofa

__________presentationofanutteranceinasourcelanguage.

答案:translation;rendition;one-timeSedulously__________another’swordsisnotinterpreting.

答案:echoingAccordingGeorgeSteiner,interpretingisstrictlyviewed,themostbanalactof____________________thatinvolvestheentirenatureandtheoryoftranslation.

答案:interlingual;ConveyanceAccordingtoKade,interpretinghastwocharacteristics:1)

thesource-languagetextispresentedonlyonceandthuscannotbe

__________

orreplayed,and2)the

____________

textisproducedunder

___________,withlittlechanceforcorrectionand

___________.

答案:reviewed;targetlanguage;timepressure;revisonListenand

fillintheblanks.

Thisisatalkonthereasonswhyyoushouldlearnanotherlanguage.

Notes:1)neuroimaging(orbrainimaging)–theuseofvarioustechniquestoeitherdirectlyorindirectlyimagethestructure,functionandpharmacologyofthenervoussystem.Itisarelativelynewdisciplinewithinmedicine,neuroscience,andpsychology.2)greymatter(orgraymatter)–amajorcomponentofthecentralnervoussystem,consistingofneuronalcellbodies,neuropil(dendritesandmyelinatedaswellasunmyelinatedaxons),glialcells(astrocytesandoligodendrocytes),synapses,andcapillaries.Greymatterisdistinguishedfromwhitematterinthatitcontainsnumerouscellbodiesandrelativelyfewmyelinatedaxons,whilewhitemattercontainsrelativelyfewcellbodiesandiscomposedchieflyoflong-rangemyelinatedaxontracts.In

___________

(1)economy,beingapolyglotisdefinitelyadvantageousforcorporate

success.Thebenefitsofeffectivecommunicationacrossmultiplelanguageshavelongbeen

knownbytheinternationalbusinesscommunityasanindispensabletoolfor

__________(2).Infact,thoseenteringtheworkforcein2014withsecondlanguagefluencycanexpectan

___________

(3)payincrease,accordingtoRyanMcMunn,languageexpertandCEOof

BRIC

LanguageSystems.McMunnsays,"IneverwouldhavebeensuccessfulinChinahadInot

learnedhowtospeakMandarin.Bylearningasecondlanguage,IhadanopportunitytodeveloprelationshipswithChineseexecutivesandconductbusinessinwaysthatotherwisewouldnot

havebeenpossible."Heoffersanexamplefromhisexperiencedealingwith__________(4)involvinghis

formeremployerinChina.Headvisedhisteamtoproceedwithcautionwhiletheysearchedfor

asolutionbasedonthe"guanxi",theconceptof__________(5).Atthetime,McMunn

hadalreadydevelopedastrongrelationshipwiththefactoryownerandhisfamilythrough

manybusinessand__________(6)inMandarin.Overtheirfive-yearfriendship,McMunn

helpedtheowner'ssongetintoanAmericanschool,andtheownerhelpedMcMunnestablish

relationshipswithotherlocalbusinessleaders.Whenitcametimeto__________(7),McMunn'scompanytreatedthefactoryasa

partnerratherthansimplyavendor.TheirnegotiationswerecompletelyconductedinMandarin,

andstartedwithadiscussionaboutfamilies:Howthefactoryowner'ssonwasdoingintheUS

andhowMcMunn'ssisterwasenjoyinghernewjob.The

__________(8)endedbetter

thanMcMunncouldhavehoped.Thefactoryowneragreedtopayhalfthecostoftherecallover

thefollowingyear,andabidedbythearrangement.Therelationshipbetweenthetwocompanies

improvedsincetheincident,andbusinessflourishedwith__________(9)incustomers.McMunncreditsmuchofhissuccessabroadtohislanguageskills.HalJohnson,asenioradviserandformerchairmanofglobalhumanresourcesatKornFerry,

frequentlycounselsbusinessschoolstudentsand__________(10)aboutwaystostayon

topoftheircareers.HefrequentlyurgesjobseekerstolearnMandarin"assoonastheycan,if

theywanttogetalegupontheircompetitionandacceleratetheirfutures.Anythingthathelpsor

speedsuptheirpreparationcanbe__________(11)!"ArvindChary,managingprincipalofAtlasRealEstatePartners,hasbeenmorefocusedon

hiringmultilingualemployeesashiscompanyexpandsintomarketswithlargeSpanishspeaking

populations.Hesays,

"Wehavebeenraising

__________(12)andneedemployeeswhocan

communicatewithourforeigninvestors.Iwouldencourageanyonetolearnasecondlanguagein

orderto__________(13)."Iadviselearningadditionallanguagesasearlyaspossible.Notonlyistheskilleasierto

pickupwhenyoung,itwillalsoboostmentalaptitudeduringtheschoolyearsleadinguptoeventualemployment.Dr.JudyWillis,a__________(14),saysthatchildrenwhoareexposedtomultiplelanguagesatanearlyageareabletoactivatecertainnetworkswithinthebrainthatenhance__________(15).Andaccordingtoa2009studybypsychologistEllenBialystok,"Comparedtomonolinguals,thestudiedbilingualchildren,whohadhadfiveto10yearsofbilingualexposure,averagedhigherscoresincognitiveperformanceontestsandhadgreaterattentionfocus,__________(16),decision-making,judgmentandresponsivenesstofeedback."ThebrainnetworksthatWillisreferencesareknownasthe"CEOnetworks"whichregulateexecutivefunctionssuchasgoalsettingandachieving,planning,memory,analysis,__________(17)andjudgment.

Biologicallyspeaking,inastudybyneuroimagingresearcherandanalystCathyPriceoftheUniversityCollegeLondon,bilingualshave__________

(18)intheportionofthebrainthatissuspectedtobeassociatedwithvocabularyacquisition.Priceexplainsthatwhenanindividualislearningasecondlanguage,thevocabularyacquisitionportionofthebrainisliterally__________(19).Muchlikeanyothermuscleyoumayworkoutinthegym,thebrainwillbecomestronger,thusbecomingstimulatedforgrowth.Increasedgraymattermeansthatthebrainwillworkfasterandmoreefficiently.Languagelearningisdescribedasakindof__________(20)whichcanformnewneuronsandconnectionsamongtheintellectualnetwork.Soaddinganotherlanguagetoyourskillsetissimplysmart.

答案:anincreasinglyglobalized;relationshipbuildingandfinancialsuccess;addition10to15percent;aproductrecall;personalconnection;casualconversation;negotiaterecallcosts;5hourmarathonmeetings;sustain;(10)cooperationexecutive;(11)asignificantplus;(12)morecapitalfrom.abroad;(13)advancetheircareeropportunities;(14)boardcertifiedneurologist;(15)cognitivefunction;(16)distractresistant;(17)inhibitorycontrol;(18)moregreymatter;(19)gettingaworkout;(20)re-writingofthebrainB.Listentothe

audio1.2-2

againandfillintheblanksinthefollowingpartofthetalk.

Somepsychologistsdoubtthatapescanreallyuselanguage.

__________

(1),

chimpsrarely

"speak"without

__________

(2).Also,theapesmaybesimplyperforming

__________

(3)togetfoodorother"goodies".Bymakingcertainsigns,theapesthen__________

(4)togetwhattheywant.

Youmightsaythecriticsbelievetheapeshavemademonkeysoutoftheirtrainers.

However,studiesshowthatchimpsholdrealconversations,evenwhenpeoplearenotaround

to

__________

(5)them.Onlyfivepercentoftheseconversations__________

(6).

When"conversing"withhumans,chimpsreplyinpatternsthataresimilartoyoungchildren's.

So,maybethechimpswillmakemonkeysoutofthecritics.

Atthispoint,numerouschimps,agorillanamedKoko,and

__________

(7)dolphins

andsealionshavelearnedtocommunicatewithwordsymbolsofvariouskinds.Yetevenifsome

criticismscanbeanswered,linguists

__________

(8)thatanimalscantrulyuselanguage.

Thecoreissueisthatproblemswithwordorderhave

__________

(9)almostallanimal

languagestudies.Forexample,whenachimpnamedNimChimpskywantedanorange,hewould

typicallysignal

__________

(10):"Giveorangemegiveeatorangemeeatorangegiveme

eatorangegivemeyou."Thismightbecommunication,butitisnotlanguage.

答案:Foronething;promptingfromhuman;;manipulatetheirtrainers;Cue;food;anassortmentof;remainunconvinced;plagued;(10)Listentotheaudio1.3-2andfillineachblankinthesummaryofthelecturewithoneword.

Despitethelackof__________(1)evidence,researcherspersistinstudyingtheoriginsofhumanlanguage.Thislecturefocusesononeofthe__________(2)majorcategoriesofcommunication:__________(3).Thebestevidenceforthisfieldisthehyoid__________(4),consideredbymanyresearchersasthefoundationof__________(5)forhumans.Inadditiontoit,wehavefitting__________(6)anatomyandsufficientlycomplex__________(7).Thelatterarebelievedtoenableourancientancestorstolearnlanguageanduseitina__________(8)way.Somostvocaltheoriesarguethattheincreaseinbrain__________(9)thatoccurred100,000yearsagocontributedtothebirthoflanguage.Apartfromtheissuesofthe__________(10),continuity,andproviderofthefirstspokenword,sixprincipaltheorieswereputforwardtoexplaintheoriginsofvocalwords:TheBow-WowTheorysuggeststhatthefirstwordswerederivedfrom__________(11)sounds.The__________(12)Theorymaintainsthat__________(13)withthenaturalenvironmentcreatedtheneedforlanguage,andsoundandmeaningare__________(14)__________connectedthroughnature.ThePooh-PoohTheorysuggeststhatlanguagebeganwith__________(15)suchas"Ow!'"Oh!""Ha!'TheYo-He-HoTheoryisbasedonthegruntsandgroanspeoplemakewhendoingheavyphysicallabor.The__________(16)Theoryisanideathatvocallanguagecameaboutthroughplay,song,and__________(17).TheTa-TaTheorybelievesthatwordsarosefromadesiretoimitategesturesviatheuseofthetongueand__________(18).Anotherperplexingissueiswhethertherewasoneoriginallanguageormany.ThebeliefthattherewasoneoriginallanguageisassociatedwiththebeliefthatlanguagewasadivinecreationandwiththeOutof__________(19)Theory.Butthissingularoriginhypothesisischallengedconsideringthelargenumberoflanguagesandthe__________(20)oflocationoftheearlyancestors.

答案:concrete;most;vocalization;bone;speech;throat;brains;creative;volume;(10)date;(11)natural;(12);(13)harmony;(14);(15);(16)LA;(17)love;(18)mouth;(19)Africa;(20)diversityB.Listen

to

audio1.3-1

againandfillintheblanksinthefollowingpassage,whichisasummaryofapartoftheinterview.

Whenweaskedpeopletothinkaboutonepersonabout

__________(1)suchas"Wouldyousacrificeoneperson

tosavefive?"inaforeignlanguage,wefoundthatpeopleare__________

(2)todothat,toactuallygofor__________(3)tosacrificeonepersontosavefive.Now,wedidn’tdothisforreal.ButIused__________(4).Butstill,theysaid"Yes,Iwilldothat."Thereasonwhythiscouldb