英语虚拟语气语法总结

优质资料欢迎下载优质资料欢迎下载优质资料欢迎下载虚拟语气语法总结1.虚拟条件句谓语动词的构成形式条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be一般用were）would+动词原形would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词wwouldhave+过去分词++与将来事实可能相反动词过去式should+动词原形wereto+动词原形wwould+动词原形倒装结构1）Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2）WereI(=IfIwere)you,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.3）Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tgo.2．虚拟条件句的特殊用法A.混合虚拟条件句条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.（从句述说现在，主句述说过去。）IfIhadhadmoreself-confidence,Iwouldbecomeateacher.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）Iftherescueteamhadn’tfoundhim,hewouldbedead.（从句述说过去，主句述说现在。）Ifshedidn’tlovedriving,shewouldn’thavebecomeadriver.（从句述说现在，主句述说已发生。）B.含蓄虚拟条件句虚拟条件通过下述词语引出的短语：介词with,without,butfor,ifithadnotbeen/ifitwerenotfor…etc分词supposing动词suppose并列连词or,otherwise,but,though,etc例如：1）Icouldn’thavewonthecompetitionwithoutyourencouragement.2）Withyourassistance(=Ifwehadyourassistance),wemightfinishtheplanearlier3）Butforyouadvice,Iwouldnotbeabletodothiswork.4)Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.C.虚拟条件句中的表示结果的主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上仍然存在。这种句子只保留一个if(only)条件从句，表达说话人的强烈愿望。如：1）If(only)sheweremysister!她要是我姐姐（就好了）！2）Ifonlyhehadnotleft!如果他没走（该多好啊）！（二）虚拟语气的几个句型Itis…thatsb.(should)…句型一：Itis＋形容词＋that…句型二：Itisa＋抽象名词＋that…句型三：Itis＋过去分词＋that…A.常这样用的形容词有：appropriate适当的advisable适当的，合理的better较好的desirable理想的essential基本的，实质的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent坚持的necessary必要的natural自然的strange奇怪的unusual不寻常的urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的B.常这样用的抽象名词有：pity,shame,nowonderC.常这样用的过去分词有：suggested,requested,required,proposed,desired,ordered,recommended1)Itwasnaturalthatshe(should)thinkso.2)Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.3)Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.4)Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.建议、命令、和要求等,谓语形式是“(should)+动词原形”。常这样用的动词及其名词形式有：ask要求advise劝告、建议determine决定decide决定demand要求desire渴望command命令insist坚持intend打算prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议1）Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.2）Theyproposedthatalltheplansshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.3）Theydemandedthattheirwages(should)beincreased.[注]当suggest意为“暗示”，insist意为“坚持认为（一个事实）”时，其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如：1）Herfacesuggested(暗示)thatshewasill.SoIsuggested(建议)thatshe(should)besenttothehospitalimmediately.2)Heinsistedthathewasright.她坚持认为自己是对的。3.动词wish主句谓语从句谓语wish对…情况的虚拟从句谓语形式现在动词的过去式（be用were）过去had+过去分词couldhave+过去分词将来should/would+动词原形[注]主句中wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态，从句连词that常常省去。1）IwishIweretenyearsyounger.2）IwishIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastnight.3)IwishIcouldhavetalkedtoherthen.4）Hewishesyouwouldgoandvisithim.4.asif,asthough1)Shelookedaftertheorphanasifhewereherownchild.2)Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.[注1]asif从句的虚拟语气用进行时态时，表示动作正在进行，如：Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewerebreathing.[注2]在Itlooks(seems,sounds)asif后的从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.dodo…(thando…)宁愿…(而不…)sb.+动词过去式（与现在或将来事实相反）had+过去分词（与过去事实相反）5．wouldrather+例如：1）Hewouldrathervisitus(thanstayathome).2)Iwouldratherhevisitedustoday/tomorrow.3)Iwouldratherhehadvisitedusyesterday.动词过去式should+动词原形动词过去式should+动词原形Itis(high)timethat+1)Itistimethattheboyshouldgotoschool.2)Itishightime(that)theweatherbeimproved.（Ifonly…！）IfonlyIknewtheanswer！Longlive+主语！…Longlive+主语！…万岁!…长存！Mayyou+动词原形!祝你…!用于表示祝愿的句子中（三）情态动词中的虚拟语气表示推测一览表表示对现在情况的推测表示对已发生情况的推测肯定是mustdo/bedoing肯定是musthavedone肯定不是can’t/couldn’tdo/bedoing肯定不是can’t/couldn’thavedone会是吗can/coulddo/bedoing会是吗can/couldhavedone可能是may/mightdo/bedoing可能是may/mighthavedone照理该should/oughttodo/bedoing应该做而没做should/oughttohavedone需要做needdo本没必要做而做needn’thavedone本可以/可能做而未做couldhavedone如果…是会的wouldhavedone能力过关1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_____allright.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3._____Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were4.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he_____ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe5.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_____youradvice.A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed6.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI_____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was7.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_____roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling8.IwishI_____withher.A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were9.IftheWatergateIncident_____,Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling10.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe_____aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen11.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifhe_____anelephant.A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift12.Hedescribedthetownasifhe_____ithimself.A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees13.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice_____yourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm14.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_____.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved15.It’sabouttimepeople_____noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake16.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind17.Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthechild_____psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe18.I’dratheryou_____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t19.Ifonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlay20.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would21.Whatwouldhavehappened_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther22.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad23.ItishardforhimtoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall24._____besenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould情态动词中的虚拟语气：1.-Howdangerousitwas!-Yes.Butforthepasser-by’squickaction,thegirl______.A.wasdrowned B.couldhavebeendrownedC.haddrowned D.shouldbedrowned2.AmydidbestintheEnglishtest.She_____hardlastweek.A.musthaveworked B.shouldhaveworked C.shouldwork D.mustwork3..You_____thoseletters.Whydidn’tyou?A.shouldpost B.shouldhaveposted C.musthavepostedD.oughttopost.4..Whydidn’tyoutellmeyesterdaythatyoucouldlendmesomemoney?I_____moneyfromthebank.A.needn’tborrow B.can’thaveborrowedC.needn’thaveborrowed D.maynothaveborrowed5.--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork..--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayed B.couldstay C.wouldstay D.musthavestayed6.Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI_____.A.hadB.woulddo C.shouldhaveD.mighthaveto7.You_____thismorningifyoureallywantedtoseeityourself.A.oughttocome B.mayhavecomeC.oughttohavecome D.couldcome8.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_____soformally.A.needn’tdressup B.didn’thavetodressupC.mightnothavedressedup D.needn’thavedressedup9.Oh,whatapity!It_____soeasyformetobringthosephotographs.Iwantedtoshowyou,butI’veleftthematthetableathome.A.wouldhavebeen B.wouldbe C.hadbeen D.was10.--Weexpectedyouyesterday.--I’msorry,I______youtosaythatIcouldn’tbehereuntiltoday.A.musthavecalled B.wouldbecallingC.couldhavebeencalling D.shouldhavecalled11.--I’mtoldthatJohnhadanothercaraccidentthismorning.--Ibelievenot.He_____socareless.A.shouldn’thavebeen B.wouldn’thavebeenC.couldn’thavebeen D.mustn’thavebeen12.--Youdidn’thearmeuntilnow?--No,Imust_____soundlywhenyoucamein.A.havebeensleeping B.havesleptC.besleeping D.slept13.Yourmotherwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.needn’tleave B.mustn’tleaveC.couldn’thaveleft D.shouldn’thaveleft14.--Didyougotothemoviethedaybe