2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit2Lessonsinlife突破语法大冲关教用文档教案外研版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit2Lessonsinlife被动语态被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；须要强调或突出动作的承受者或事务本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。[视察例句]1．Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.2．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplanhadbeencarriedoutinthepasttwoyears.3．Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.4．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.5．Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.[归纳用法]一、被动语态的构成：be＋过去分词各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例)现在过去将来过去将来一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成式have/hasbeendoneHadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone二、运用被动语态时应留意的几个问题1．主动变为被动时，宾语成了主语，(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.→Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)．2．主动变为被动时，可将双宾语中的任何一个作为主语。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.→Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.→Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.3．短语动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丢掉后面的介词或副词)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher)．Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.4．情态动词，begoingto，beto，besureto，haveto等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.5．当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。(2)用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。Peoplesayheisasmartboy.→Heissaidtobeasmartboy.→Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.→PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.→ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.[特殊提示]1．不能用被动语态的几种状况(1)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(2)表示归属的动词或短语，如have，belongto等。(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。2．主动形式表示被动意义(1)当连系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“起先、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Theflowerssmellsweet.花儿散发着芳香。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布料简单洗。(2)breakout，shutoff，takeplace，turnoff，workout等短语表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Thelampsonthewallturnedoff.墙上的灯熄灭了。[即学即练]翻译/单句语法填空①这道菜尝起来味道很美。Thisdishtastesdelicious.②Thesongwhichisbeingsung(sing)onthestagenowwasjustwrittenbyAlbert，forwhombeingafamousmusicianishisforeverdream.③Itisreported(report)thatmanypeopledieoftrafficaccidentseachyear.④Accordingtotheresultoftheinspection，theyfoundthattheinsectcontainsapowerfuldrug，solocalfarmerswereemployed(employ)tocatchtheinsects.⑤AttheendofDecember，thelibrary'soldandclassicbookswillbeput(put)onlinetoo，bringingborrowersalotofconvenience.⑥Facialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeenextended(extend)intomanyareasofschoollifesofar.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Duringthe30daysbeforehewasputtodeath，hisfriendsandpupilswereallowed(allow)tovisithiminhisprison.2．Allthekidswillfit(fit)inthebackofthecar.3．Whenwegottothespot，theinjuredhadbeensent(send)tothehospital.4．We'vegottorememberthisgroupwantstolookathowtheInternetisbeingused/isused(use)intheclassroom.5．InUShighschool，everythingisrecorded(record)andgraded，includingyourgradesonquizzes，testsandfinalexaminations.6．Theworkersweremadetowork(work)tenhoursaday.7．Ihavebeentold(tell)thatonemorevolunteerwillbeneededthisyearandIthinkyouaresuitableforthejob.8．Foodsuppliesintheflood­strickenareaarerunningout(runout)．Wemustactimmediatelybeforethereisnoneleft.9．Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime，butalltheticketshadsold(sell)out.10．Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimeslastcentury，andlittleoftheoriginalbuildingremains(remain)now.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Itistoughforanybasketballplayertogettothemajorleagues，butJimAbbotthadanextraobstaclethatshould1.beovercome(overcome)．Hemighthavebeenanaveragepersonifhe2.hadbeenborn(born)witharighthand.WhenAbbottwasyoung，otherchildren3.wereteasing(tease)himconstantly.Thisdidn'tstopAbbott.Helovedsports，andhepracticedconstantly.InhighschoolAbbott4.joined(join)theschoolbasketballteamandbecameapitcher(投手)fortheteam.Laterhe5.attended(attend)UniversityofMichiganonabasketballscholarship.In1987Abbott6.wasnamed(name)American'stopamateurathlete，andin1988hepitchedhiswaytoagoldmedalintheOlympics.ButAbbottdidn'tthinkhe7.wasfinished(finish)yet.Abbottwentstraighttothemajors.HepitchedfortheCaliforniaAngelsandlaterfortheNewYorkYankees.HowdidAbbottaccomplishallthiswithjustonehand？Thisiswhatfansoftenasked.JimAbbott8.wasseen(see)aleft­handedpitcher，notasaone­handedpi