江苏省扬州市扬大附中2024-2025学年高一上学期联考英语试卷（含解析）

2024-2025学年学年江苏省扬州市扬大附中高一上学期联考英语试卷（本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟）第二部分阅读理解(共三节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AWanttoexperienceuniquerestaurantsintheworld?Goandhaveatry!IthaaRestaurant,theMaldivesIfyouwanttoenjoyaseaviewwhileyoueatbutarenotusedtobeinginaboat,youwillbeimpressedbytheIthaaRestaurantintheMaldives.Therestaurant,withanamethatmeans“pearl”inthelocaldialect,islocated15feetbeneaththesurfaceoftheIndianOcean.Asthefirstofitskindintheworld,itissurroundedbycoralreefsandotherunderwaterspecies,offeringdiners270-degreeunderwaterviews.Ofcourse,havingdinnerherewillcostyoualot,butitisdefinitelyworthit.GajumaruTreehouseDiner,JapanWhendeliciousfoodiscombinedwithnaturalbeauty,itmakesforanunforgettablediningexperience.TheGajumaruTreehouseDinerisarestaurantbuiltinabigtree,20feettall.Aftertravellingtothemaindininghallbyelevator,customerscanenjoyJapanesehotpot,shabu-shabu,whileoverlookingthecityandthebeautifulNahaHarborbeyond.ThelightsoftheportintheeveningmakeadinneratGajumaruevenmorewonderful,soitisgoodvalueforthemoney.Dinnerinthesky,BelgiumABrussels-basedmovingrestaurantisreadyforyoutodosomethingalittlemoreextremeatmealtimes.Ifyouarerichenoughtoaffordtheprices,acrane(吊车)willliftyouandother21customersandwaitersintothesky-l50feetabovetheground,whereyoucanenjoythehigh-endcuisine(烹饪)foracoupleofhours.Yourseatcanrotate(旋转)around180degreessothatyougetabird’seyeviewofthesurroundingscenery.Youmayfeelexcitedandalittlescared,butdoremembertofastenyourseatbeltanddon’tdropyourfork!Therestaurant’smobileformcaneventraveltoanydestinationintheworld—Paris,NewYorkorNiagaraFalls...1.WhereisGajumaruTreehouseDinerbuilt?A.Inthesky. B.Inatree.C.Inthesea. D.InNahaHarbor.2.HowmanypeoplealtogethercanbeintheskyinthemobilerestaurantinBelgium?A.21. B.22. C.30. D.33.3.Whatdothethreerestaurantshaveincommon?A.Theyareallexpensive. B.TheyareallhorribleC.Theyareallpopular. D.Theyarealleasytoreach.BNaturalDisastersRequireSpecialBuildingDesignNaturaldisastershappeneverywhereintheworld.Manycausepropertydamageandlossoflife.Butresearcherssaytheseverity(严重性)oftheireffectscanbereducedifpeopletakestepstoprepare.Anewexhibitteacheswhatgovernmentsandindividualscandotolessentheeffects.ChrysantheBroikosorganizedtheexhibitattheNationalBuildingMuseum.Shesayslargebuildingsandotherstructurescansurvivestrongearthquakesiftheyarebuiltwithsomelevelofflexibility.Inotherwords,theyneedtobeabletobendandmoveastheearthshakes.“Weneedtoletbuildingsmoveandwecanactuallyunderstandwheretheymightfail,andthengoinanddesignbuildingswiththatinmind.”Onebuildingdesigniscalleda“specialmomentframe”.Itenablesmovementatpointswherelargeload-bearingsupportsjoineachother.Rubber-basedfoundationblocksletbuildingsmove,whilehugeshockabsorbers(缓冲器)helptolimittheshaking.Themuseumexhibithasamodelofawindwall.Themodelshowshowsomeroofsortopsofbuildingsaremorelikelytobedestroyedthanothersbecauseofthestrongwindsofhurricanes.ChrysantheBroikossaystestsshowthatareasonableangledroofisbestabletowithstandwindstorms.Inareaswithpowerfulwinds,researchershavestronglyurgedthecreationofatleastone“saferoom”.Thisisaplacewherebuildingoccupantscanspendthemostdangerouspartofthestorm.Anotherconcernishowtodealwithstormsandflooding.SomecoastalcommunitiesintheU.S.havemadeartificialreefsfromoysters(牡蛎)shellsinsteadofrocks.Thebuildersuseshellscollectedfromrestaurantstocreatethebarriers.ChrysantheBroikosalsosuggestssettingasidelandalongthecoastforparksinsteadofhousing.Shesaysthisismorenaturalandkeepsvaluablepropertyawayfromdanger.Asforforestfires,researchersnowsuggestclearinganareaabout60meterswidearoundasingle-familyhouse.“Whatthatmeansistryingtokeepthatareafreeofmaterialthateasilyburns.”4.WhatdoesChrysantheBroikosthinkaboutthebuildingsthatcansurvivestrongearthquakes?A.Theyshouldbefixedenough. B.Theirheightneedstobereasonable.C.Theirlocationisthemostimportant. D.Theyaremobileandbendable.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inthethirdparagraphrefer?A.Lesseningtheeffects. B.Wheretheymightfail.C.Designingbuildings. D.Specialmomentframe.6.Whichofthefollowingbelongstothemeasurestodealwithstormsandflooding?A.Don’tbuildhousesalongthecoast.B.Setasidelandforparkingcars.C.Makeartificialreefsfromrocks.D.Raiseoystersinlargenumber.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Differenttypesofnaturaldisasters.B.Preparationsfornaturaldisasters.C.Reactionstonaturaldisasters.D.Effectsofnaturaldisasters.CMostheroesarenotsuper.Theydon’tappearincomicbooks,ontelevision,orinmovies.Theyjustdowhattheybelieveneedstobedonetomaketheirworldabetterplace.BikeBatmanisoneofthem.BikeBatmanisa30-year-oldmarriedengineerwholivesinSeattle,Washington.He’sacyclistwhoalsobuysandsellsbikesasahobby.Aboutthreeyearsago,hewaslookingforabikeforhiswife.HefoundoneonCraigslist,awebsitewherepeoplelistthingstheywanttosell.Asheoftendoes,healsolookedatBikeIndex,apopularwebsitethatallowsuserstoregistertheirbikesandpostreportswhenthey’retaken.Thebike,whichhewasconsideringpurchasing,clearlymatchedonereportedstolenonBikeIndex.Thenhecalledthepersonwhoclaimedtobethebike’sownerandarrangedtomeethim---supposedlytocompletethesale.Whenthetwomenmet,BikeBatmantoldthethief,“you’vegottwooptions.Youcanwaituntilapoliceofficergetshere,oryoucanjustgetoutofhere.”Youcanimaginewhatthethiefdid.Afterthatfirstsuccess,BikeBatmandevelopedasaferroutine.WhenheseesquestionablebikeadsonCraigslist,hecross-referencestheimagewithbikesreportedonBikeIndex.Oncehehasconfirmeditwiththeowner,hearrangesameet-upwiththethiefandwillcalltheSeattlepolicedepartmentsothatofficerscanparticipateintheaction.Inmorethanhalfofthe22casesinwhichhehasgotbackandreturnedthebikes,thethieveshavebeenarrested.Inonecase,BikeBatmanevenhelpedafamilyrecoverawiderangeofprizedpossessionsthatsuspectshadstolenduringahomeburglary.HisnicknamecamefromadiscussionwithapoliceofficerwhosuggestedhebecalledRobinHood.Sincehewasn’texactlystealingfromtherichandgivingtothepoor,“Batman”seemedabetterfit.Theideaofasuperheropunishingcriminalsfeelsprettysillytohim,butthemainreasonhecontinueshisworkistokeepupSeattle’sreputationasafriendlycity.8.WhoisBikeBatman?A.Heisasuperhero B.Heisawebsitemanager.C.HeisaSeattlecitizen. D.Heisapoliceofficer.9.WhenBikeBatmandiscoversaquestionablebike,hewillfirst_______A.arrangetomeetthethief.B.contacttheownerofthestolenbike.C.lookupthebike’sinformation.D.callthepolicedepartment.10.BikeBatmanhelpsfindthelostbikesto_______A.buildafriendlycity. B.helppoorpeople.C.punishbikethieves. D.becomefamous.11.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatA.BikeBatmanfeltrelievedtoseethethievesarrested.B.thepolicefailedtoperformtheirduties.C.BickBatmanbeganhisgooddeedsbyaccident.D.thethievesrefusedtoreturnthebikes.DYoucan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelvaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(伞篷)builtintoastreetlamp.”hesaid.TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(传感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensor,there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians(行人).Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安装)at2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,BelvaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.12.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?A.motor→canopy→sensors.B.motor→sensors→canopy.C.canopy→motor→sensors.D.sensors→motor→canopy.13.WhydidMikhailBelvaevcreateLampbrella?A.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.B.Topredictaheavyrain.C.Tointroducealamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrella.D.Togainprofitsforhimself.14.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?A.Itsinstallation. B.Itsmovingspeed. C.Itssafety. D.Itsappearance.15Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?AThedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.B.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.C.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Don’tRuinHealthyEatingWhenYouTravelI’venoticedthat,aspeoplebecomemoreconsciousofhowfoodaffectstheirhealth,leavinghomecansometimespresentchallengesforthosewhowanttokeepeatingwell.Herearesomesimplewaystoeatadventurouslyandwellwhileyou’reenjoyingthebestmomentsofyourtrip:Planahead.Oftenwhenwe’retraveling,we’reoutofourroutineandaren’teatingatregularintervals.____16____Contrarytothepopularmyththatyoushouldholdoffeatingtosaveroomforabigmeal,goingforlongstretcheswithouteatingactuallycausesyourbodytobecometiredandhangontocalories.Packsnacksforeasyaccess:nuts,seeds,hard-boiledeggs,firmfruits.Don’tforgetthegrocerystore.Asupermarket,especiallyalocalone,canbeyourbestplacetogetsomethingtoeatwhiletraveling.____17____You’llfindawidervarietyofgreatfoodsthatarefreeoffat,dairy,andothercommonallergense(过敏素)atareasonablecost.Drinkmorewaterthanyounormallydo.____18____Walkingaroundalldayexpendsenergyanddehydrates(脱水)yourbody.Oftenpeopledrinkalcoholorsodaswithmeals,andthesearealsodehydrating.Drinkingmorethanyourusualeightglassesofwateradaywillkeepyouenergized,hydrateyourcellsandkeepyourskinglowing.Drinklessalcoholthaneveryonearoundyouisdrinking.Thiscanbechallenging,especiallyonbusinesstrips,wheredrinkingisafamiliarpastime.____19________20____Letyourselfhavetreats,andenjoythem-justkeepittoonceaday.Getthatgoodpieceofchocolatecake.Haveanextrahelpingofsteakfries.Orderthethingwithbutter,andloveeverysinglebite.Thenbedonewiththeless-than-healthyfood,andrememberthatyoualwayshaveanotherdayforthatonelittleindulgence(放纵).A.Justenjoythetreatsthatyoulike.B.Trythe“one-and-done”rule.C.Planesandhotelroomsaregenerallydry.D.Sometimeswecangoseveralhourswithouteatinganything.E.However,drinkingtoomuchcanleadtomoreunhealthyeating.F.You’llhaveeasy,cheapaccesstofreshproduceandhealthysnacks.GPlanningaheadoftimeallowsyoutocontrolwhatgoesintoyourbody.第三部分语言运用(共四节，满分55分)第一节完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AworldofpurethoughtStephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgifted____21____inphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhim____22____hiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimto____23____theuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,_____24_____agraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomain____25____ontheoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,_____26_____holdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigbangtheory,whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeand____27____.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.Duringthequestionandanswerperiod____28____oneofHoyle’slectures,Hawkingstoodupand____29____thatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhis____30____.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangtheory—andnotthesteadystatetheory—was_____31_____.Hawking’sownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwasborn.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?____32____beingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewas____33____tosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.____34____,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfight____35____hisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.21.A.scientists B.teachers C.singers D.dancers22.A.from B.in C.at D.on23.A.losing B.lost C.tolose D.lose24.A.as B.with C.at D.on25.A.reasons B.wonders C.causes D.theories26.A.where B.who C.that D.which27.A.moment B.hours C.space D.place28.A.while B.after C.before D.as29.A.pointedout B.cameout C.setoff D.tookout30.A.maths B.chemistry C.Chinese D.English31.A.wrong B.fine C.ok D.true32.A.Exceptthat B.Except C.Apart D.Besides33.A.good B.willing C.nice D.well34.A.But B.Yet C.However D.Furthermore35.A.against B.for C.at D.by第二节短文填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Wheredoyoustartifyouwanttowritea____36____(success)story？____37____(clear),whatyouneedfirstofallisanideawhichyoucandevelopintoastrongplot(情节).Butwheredoideaslikethiscomefrom?Theansweris"anywhereandeverywhere".Theymaycomefromsomething____38____hashappenedtoyouortosomeoneelse,fromanewspaper,____39____interestingpicture,orevenasong.It'sagoodidea____40____(keep)anotebooknearbysothatyoucanwritedownthedetailsofanyunusualthingswhichcatchyourimagination.Makeanoteofideasfortitlestoo,andanyspecialphrasesor____41____(description)thatyouthinkof.Asmalltaperecordercanprovevery____42____(use)forthispurpose.Somewritersevenkeeponebytheirbedincasetheywakeupinthe"ideaofthecentury".Anothermethodof____43____(develop)thestoryismakinguseofthecharactersthemselves.Whynottryputtingthreepeopleyouknowwellintoasituationsuchasawedding,wherefeelingsmaybeverystrong,andseewhat____44____(happen).Butdon'tmakethefinalcharacterstoomuchlikeyourAuntJaneorUncleJimoryoumayfind_____45_____(you)inrealtrouble.第三节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10，每空不限一词)46.Iwasabouttosaysomething_____youinterruptedme,soIdon’twanttodiscussthistoday.(用适当的词填空)47.Wheneverwehadtrouble,he________(come)tohelpus.(所给词的适当形式填空)48.Tina________(lie)onthegrassobservingstarswhenshewasyoung.(所给词的适当形式填空)49.English,aswellasChineseandmaths,_________(be)ofgreatimportance.(所给词的适当形式填空)50.Eitheryouoroneofyourclassmates________(be)toattendthesportsmeetingnextweek.

(所给词的适当形式填空)51.Twentyyears________(stand)foralongperiodinone’slife.(所给词的适当形式填空)52.Itisreportedthatmanynewhouses____________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.(所给词的适当形式填空)53.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment________theylive.（适当形式填空）54.Canyouthinkofasituation__________thiswordcanbeused.（用适当的词填空）55.Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.（用适当的词填空）第四节单句填词(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分，所有空填写正确才得分)根据所给汉语句子，在空格里填上合适的词，使整个句子句意完整，语法正确，每空一词。56.她在庙墙外看到的苦难与贫困给她留下了深刻的印象。Thesufferingandpovertyshesawoutsidethewallsofthetempleleft______________________________her.57.我从来没有想过我会陷入一个肥皂剧，但是这个真是太棒了！IneverthoughtIgot______________________________asoapopera,butthisoneisjustsogood!58.我发现一个旧照片在整理我的桌子，这使我想起我快乐的童年。Icameacrossanoldphotowhiletidyingupmydesk,which_________________________________myhappychildhood.59.我从没学过跳舞，因为我笨手笨脚。IneverlearntodancebecauseIhave_________________________________.60.中国传统灯笼经常装饰有中国书法、绘画和剪纸。TraditionalChineselanterns________often___________________Chinesecalligraphy,paintingsandpapercutting.61.我的假期一点也不轻松，因为我的酒店正在建设中。Myvacationwas_____________________relaxing,formyhotelwasbeingbuilt.62.他们一到，客人们受到了经理的礼貌欢迎。_____________________________，theguestsweregreetedpolitelybythemanager.63.没人知道明天有什么在等待着我们。Nooneknowswhatlies________________forustomorrow.64.本学期，我们学校为学生提供了许多选修课，这些课程吸引了很多学生。Thissemesterourschooloffersmanyoptionalcoursesforthestudents,which______________manystudents.65.老师的及时鼓励对学生很重要。Timelyencouragementfromateacheris________________________his/herstudents.第四部分应用文写作(满分15分)66.假如你是李华，一名高中学生。针对现代社会中，中国传统节日越来越被忽视的情况，学校安排你以学生会的名义向全校师生发出倡议：推广中国传统节日。请根据内容提示，完成一则英语倡议书。1.推广中国传统节日的重要性；2.列举学校推广中国传统节日的做法；3.向全校师生发出倡议。写作要求：1.词数80左右。2.可以适当增加情节，以使行文连贯。Dearfellowstudents,TraditionalChinesefestivalsareofgreatimportance________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union答案版【答案】1.B2.B3.A【1题】细节理解题。根据GajumaruTreehouseDiner,Japan部分的“TheGajumaruTreehouseDinerisarestaurantbuiltinabigtree,20feettall.(Gajumaru树屋餐厅是一家建在20英尺高的大树上的餐厅)”可知，Gajumaru树屋餐厅建在树上。故选B。【2题】细节理解题。根据Dinnerinthesky,Belgium部分的“Ifyouarerichenoughtoaffordtheprices,acrane(吊车)willliftyouandother21customersandwaitersintothesky-l50feetabovetheground,whereyoucanenjoythehigh-endcuisine(烹饪)foracoupleofhours.(如果你足够富有，可以负担得起价格，起重机将把你和其他21名顾客和服务员送到离地面150英尺的高空，在那里你可以享受几个小时的高端美食)”可知，你和其他21名顾客可以同时就餐。由此可知，在比利时的这家空中移动餐厅里，总共能坐22人。故选B。【3题】推理判断题。根据IthaaRestaurant,theMaldives部分中的“Ofcourse,havingdinnerherewillcostyoualot,butitisdefinitelyworthit.(当然，在这里吃晚餐会花很多钱，但绝对是值得的)”，GajumaruTreehouseDiner,Japan部分的“ThelightsoftheportintheeveningmakeadinneratGajumaruevenmorewonderful,soitisgoodvalueforthemoney.(晚上港口的灯光使Gajumaru的晚餐更加精彩，所以物有所值)”及Dinnerinthesky,Belgium部分的“Ifyouarerichenoughtoaffordtheprices(如果你足够富有，可以负担得起价格)”可推知，这三家餐厅都很贵。故选A。【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【4题】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Shesayslargebuildingsandotherstructurescansurvivestrongearthquakesiftheyarebuiltwithsomelevelofflexibility.Inotherwords,theyneedtobeabletobendandmoveastheearthshakes.(她说，大型建筑和其他结构如果在建造时具有一定程度的灵活性，就可以在强震中幸存下来。换句话说，它们需要能够在地震时弯曲和移动)”可知，ChrysantheBroikos认为可移动和可弯曲的建筑能在强震中幸存下来。故选D项。【5题】词句猜测题。分析划线单词，可知是代词，代指前文提到的人或事，根据第三段“Weneedtoletbuildingsmoveandwecanactuallyunderstandwheretheymightfail,andthengoinanddesignbuildingswiththatinmind.(我们需要让建筑移动，这样我们才能真正了解它们可能会在哪里倒塌，然后在设计建筑时考虑到这一点)”可知，that代指的是“它们可能会在哪里倒塌”。故选B项。【6题】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Anotherconcernishowtodealwithstormsandflooding.SomecoastalcommunitiesintheU.S.havemadeartificialreefsfromoystersshellsinsteadofrocks.Thebuildersuseshellscollectedfromrestaurantstocreatethebarriers.ChrysantheBroikosalsosuggestssettingasidelandalongthecoastforparksinsteadofhousing.(另一个问题是如何应对风暴和洪水。美国的一些沿海社区用牡蛎壳代替岩石制作了人工珊瑚礁。建造者使用从餐馆收集的贝壳来建造屏障。ChrysantheBroikos还建议将沿海的土地留作公园而不是住宅)”可知，ChrysantheBroikos建议不要沿着海岸建房子。故选A项。【7题】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Naturaldisastershappeneverywhereintheworld.Manycausepropertydamageandlossoflife.Butresearcherssaytheseverityoftheireffectscanbereducedifpeopletakestepstoprepare.(自然灾害发生在世界各地。许多事故造成财产损失和生命损失。但研究人员表示，如果人们做好准备，其影响的严重程度可以降低)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是为自然灾害作准备。故选B项。【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.C【8题】细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“BikeBatmanisa30-year-oldmarriedengineerwholivesinSeattle,Washington.(BikeBatman是一个30岁的已婚工程师，住在华盛顿州的西雅图)”可知，BikeBatman是西雅图的一名市民。故选C。【9题】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“WhenheseesquestionablebikeadsonCraigslist,hecross-referencestheimagewithbikesreportedonBikeIndex.(当他在Craigslist网站上看到有问题的自行车广告时，他会把图片和BikeIndex网站上登记的自行车相互对照)”可知，当BikeBatman发现有问题的自行车时，他会先在BikeIndex网站上查找自行车的信息。故选C。【10题】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Theideaofasuperheropunishingcriminalsfeelsprettysillytohim,butthemainreasonhecontinueshisworkistokeepupSeattle’sfameasafriendlycity.(他觉得一个超级英雄惩治罪犯的想法有点愚蠢，但他继续工作的主要原因是保持西雅图作为友好城市的声誉。)”可知，BikeBatman帮助寻找丢失的自行车是为了建立一个友好的城市。故选A。【11题】推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段内容可知，大约三年前，BikeBatman在为妻子找一辆自行车，他在Craigslist网站上找到了一辆，他还查看了BikeIndex网站，发现他正在考虑购买的自行车显然是一辆被盗的自行车，后来联系小偷归还了自行车，由此可知，他是偶然发现这样可以帮助找回被盗的自行车，所以BikeBatman的善行是偶然开始的。故选C。【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【12题】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensorsthenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.(‘伞灯’是一种外形标准的路灯，上面装有伞篷。它有一个内置的电动马达，可以根据需要打开或关闭雨伞。传感器会确保雨伞在开始下雨时为行人提供庇护)”可知，传感器感知下雨，然后电动马达控制伞篷的开合，故三者的排列关系是传感器→马达→伞篷。故选D。【13题】细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopybuiltintoastreetlamp.’hesaid.(有一次，我开车行驶在圣彼得堡市中心的街道上，看到路灯照亮了试图躲避雨水的人们。我觉得在路灯里装一个伞篷会很合适。他说)”可知，MikhailBelyaev发明雨水感应式路灯伞是为了下雨时让行人避雨。故选A。【14题】主旨大意题。根据第五段“soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.(这样就不会对行人造成伤害。此外，它将被接地以防止可能的雷击)”及“Beinginstalledat2metersofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.(安装在距离地面2米的地方，它只会对最高的行人造成危险)”可知，本段主要描述了这种伞的安全性。故选C。【15题】推理判断题。根据最后一段“insistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.(坚持认为，他的发明可以安装在任何行人多但没有遮蔽处的街道上)”可知，设计者认为他的发明可以安装在行人多但无遮挡的街道上，由此可知设计者对自己的发明充满信心，认为它很实用。故选B。【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.E20.B【16题】上文“Oftenwhenwe’retraveling,we’reoutofourroutineandaren’teatingatregularintervals.(当我们旅行时，我们经常会打乱常规，不定期进食。)”可知上文在讲述旅行时会打乱常规，饮食不规律；下文“Contrarytothepopularmyththatyoushouldholdoffeatingtosaveroomforabigmeal,goingforlongstretcheswithouteatingactuallycausesyourbodytobecometiredandhangontocalories.(与流行的说法相反，你应该推迟吃东西来为一顿大餐留出空间，长时间不吃东西实际上会使你的身体变得疲劳，并持续保持热量。)”可知在讲述饮食不规律的危害；选项D“Sometimeswecangoseveralhourswithouteatinganything.(有时我们可以几个小时不吃东西)”可知这也是在讲述饮食不规律的现象，承接了上文，引出了下文对于饮食不规律危害的描述，故选项D符合题意；故选D项。【17题】上文“Asupermarket,especiallyalocalone,canbeyourbestplacetogetsomethingtoeatwhiletraveling.(超市，尤其是当地的超市，是你旅行时吃东西的最佳去处。)”可知讲述了当地超市是旅行时买食物的最佳去处；下文“You’llfindawidervarietyofgreatfoodsthatarefreeoffat,dairy,andothercommonallergense(过敏素)atareasonablecost.(你会发现各种各样的好食物，不含脂肪、奶制品和其他常见的过敏素，而且价格合理。)”可知列举了可供选择的价格合理一些食物；选项F“You’llhaveeasy,cheapaccesstofreshproduceandhealthysnacks.(你可以方便、便宜地买到新鲜的农产品和健康的零食)”可知在讲述能方便、便宜地买到好的食品，承接了上文所述的当地超市是旅行时买东西吃的最佳去处，表明了当地超市的方便性和价格的合理性，同时引出下文对于具体食品类型的列举，故选项F符合题意；故选F项。【18题】上文“Drinkmorewaterthanyounormallydo.(比平时多喝水。)”可知在讲述要比平时多喝水；下文“Walkingaroundalldayexpendsenergyanddehydrates(脱水)yourbody.(整天走动会消耗能量，让你的身体脱水。)”可知在讲述需要多喝水的原因；选项C“Planesandhotelroomsaregenerallydry.(飞机和酒店房间通常是干燥的。)”可知也是在讲述旅行时要比平时多喝水的原因，这与下文同样是对于上文所提的结论的解释，故选项C符合题意；故选C项。【19题】本段标题“Drinklessalcoholthaneveryonearoundyouisdrinking.(喝的酒要比你周围的人喝的少。)”可知本段主要讲的就是要少喝酒；上文“Thiscanbechallenging,especiallyonbusinesstrips,wheredrinkingisafamiliarpastime.(这可能很有挑战性，尤其是在商务旅行中，喝酒是一种常见的消遣方式。)”可知在讲述少喝酒恐怕很有挑战性；选项E“However,drinkingtoomuchcanleadtomoreunhealthyeating.(然而，喝太多会导致更多不健康的饮食。)”可知在讲述喝太多酒的坏处，与本段主旨相符，与上文构成转折关系，强调喝太多酒的坏处，故选项E符合题意；故选E项。【20题】下文“Letyourselfhavetreats,andenjoythem-justkeepittoonceaday.Getthatgoodpieceofchocolatecake.Haveanextrahelpingofsteakfries.Orderthethingwithbutter,andloveeverysinglebite.Thenbedonewiththeless-than-healthyfood,andrememberthatyoualwayshaveanotherdayforthatonelittleindulgence(放纵).(让自己吃点东西，好好享受它们——每天只吃一次。拿那块好巧克力蛋糕。再来一份牛排薯条。要一点带黄油的菜，每一口都很美味。那就别再吃那些不健康的食物了，记住你总有一天可以放纵一下自己)”可知本段主要讲述了可以吃自己喜欢的东西，但是每天只能吃一次；选项B“Trythe“one-and-done”rule.(尝试做一次)”表述与本段主旨相符，强调可以吃，但是每天只能吃一次，可以作为本段标题；故选B项。【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.A25.D26.D27.C28.B29.A30.A31.D32.D33.B34.D35.A【21题】考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。A.scientists科学家；B.teachers教师；C.singers歌手；D.dancers舞蹈演员。根据下文“Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,”可知，斯蒂芬·霍金是科学家。故选A。【22题】考查介词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都熟悉他坐在轮椅上，无法移动，用电脑说话的画面。A.from从……起；B.in在……中；C.at在……时；D.on在……上。根据下文“hiswheelchair,unabletomoveandusingacomputertotalk.”可知，此处表示霍金无法移动，坐在轮椅上，inone’swheelchair表示“坐在轮椅上”。故选B。【23题】考查非谓语动词。句意：自从他得了一种疾病，导致他失去了大部分肌肉的功能，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世