备考2011高效学习方案英语高三册Units1112KeytosuccessEducation

Units11～12Keytosuccess&Education(2009·湖北八校一联)某中学生英文报对是否该取消“五一”长假及其理由，在中学生中进行了问卷调查。调查结果如下：赞成取消(24%)不赞成取消(76%)游客集中，交通拥挤。景点污染，文物受损。春暖花开季节，适合出游踏青，放飞心情。促进旅游经济、商品销售业的发展。请你以该报纸英语编辑的身份，根据上表调查结果，以MayDayLongHolidays,KeptorCancelled为题，为报纸写一篇110左右的简短英语报道。开头已为你写好，不计入总字数。MayDayLongHolidays,KeptorCancelled?Recently,wecarriedoutasurveyonwhethertheMayDaylongholidaysshouldbecancelledornotbymeansofquestionnaireamongstudents.Theresultsareasfollows：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[参考答案]MayDayLongHolidays,KeptorCancelled?Recently,wecarriedoutasurveyonwhethertheMayDaylongholidaysshouldbecancelledorkeptbymeansofquestionnaireamongstudents.Theresultsareasfollows：About24%ofthesurveyedpeopleareinfavourofthecanceling.ThedefendersstatethattheMayDaylongholidayscontributetomanyproblems.Forastart,manytouristschoosetotravelduringthelongholidays;asaconsequence,thetraffic,whetherthetrainortheplane,isverycrowded,which,ofcourse,bringsalotofinconveniencestothepeoplewhoneedtomakeregulartrips.Itisanacceptedfactthateverytouristattractioncanonlyreceiveacertainnumberofvisitors,butnowwiththetouristsflowingin,thescenicspotsaredamagedandsomeculturalrelicsareruined.Anyway,noneofus,includingthevisitors,iswillingtoseetheconsequence.However,another76%arestronglyagainstthecanceling.Mayisagoodtimeforoutingandtoexperiencespring,sopeopleneedthelongholiday.Noonecandenythatthetourismeconomyispromoted,especiallysalesofcommodityinthetourismdestinations.MaybewhethertheMayDaylongholidayswillbecancelledorkeptdependsonthegovernment’spolicy.Ⅰ.重点单词1．______(vi.) 拒绝；变小；变少；变弱 (vt.) 拒绝；使下降 (n.) 下降；衰退；斜坡2．______(vi.) 辞职3．______(adj.) 互相矛盾的；互相对立的4．______(vt.) 使尴尬；使为难5．______(n.) 妥协；和解；折衷6．______(adj.) 暂时的；临时的7．______(vt.) 怀疑；不相信 (n.) 嫌疑犯；可疑对象8．______(n.) 名声；名誉；名气9．______(n.) 描述；介绍；提出10．______(n.) 计划表；日程安排表11．______(vt.) 选择；挑选；选拔12．______(vt.) 取得；获得13．______(vt.) 提倡14．______(adj.) 常怀疑的15．______(adj.) 义务的；有责任的；必须做的16．______(n.) 负荷；负载[答案]1．decline5．compromise9．presentation13．advocateⅡ.词汇拓展1．shame→______(adj.)可耻的，丢脸的→______(adj.)无耻的2．combination→______(v.)使(结合)3．finance→______(adj.)→______(n.)金融家4．congratulate→______(n.)祝贺；贺词5．definite→______(adj.)决定性的→______(adv.)确切地6．ambitious→______(n.)野心，志向7．violent→______(n.)暴力，暴行8．regulation→______(adj.)→______(反义词)不规则的9．excite→______(adj.)兴奋的→______(adj.)令人兴奋的→______(n.)激动，兴奋10．division→______(adj.)→______(v.)分开，分散11．expectation→______(v.)→______(adj.)预料的；预期的12．uncertain→______(反义词)→______(adv.)无疑地，确实地→______(n.)确信，确实13．summary→______(v.)概括，总结→______(n.)总数，总计14．restriction→______(v.)→______(adj.)限制性的15．suit→______(adj.)合适的，适宜的16．evident→______(n.)证明，证据17．profession→______(adj.)职业的，专业的18．donate→______(n.)捐赠物19．expand→______(n.)→______(adj.)广阔的20．tendency→______(v.)趋向，倾向21．distribute→______(n.)→______(n.)分发者，分配者→______(adj.)经销的，分销的[答案]1．shameful;shameless3．financial;financier5．definitive;definitely8．regular;irregular9.excited;exciting;excitement10．divisible;divide11.expect;expected12．certain;certainly;certainty13.summarize;sum14．restrict;restrictivele17．professional19.expansion;expansive20．tend21.distribution;distributor;distributiveⅢ.重点短语1．______demand需求2．makethebest______充分利用3．count...______...把……当作、视为4．______awhole普遍说来；作为整体5．take...______account考虑；体谅6．keepaneye______照料；照管7．______reality事实上；实际上8．pullout______从……中退出9．______thickandthin不畏艰险；在任何情况下10．stick______继续支持；保持联系[答案]1．in7．inⅣ.重点句型1．Whatif...？要是……又怎么样？2．Consideringthat...考虑到……3．Becarefultodescribethesubjectofthegraphratherthanthepicturethegraphmakes.认真描述图表所反映的问题而不是描述图表的画面。Ⅰ.词汇聚焦1．embarrassvt.使为难；使尴尬搭配：be/feelembarrassed(at/by/with...)(对……)感到尴尬embarrassingquestions/position/silence令人尴尬的问题/地位/沉默Somepeoplewillbeembarrassedifotherskeeppraisingthemintheirface.如果别人当面不停地夸奖自己，有些人会感到不好意思。Don’tembarrassthemwithpersonalquestions.不要问隐私让他们感到尴尬。[指点迷津]embarrassedadj.(人)感到尴尬的；embarrassingadj.(事)令人尴尬的Itisrather______thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.A.misleadingB.embarrassingC.boring D.demanding解析：句意：我们还不知道目前世界上的动植物有多少种类，这是令人尴尬的事。embarrassing“令人尴尬的”；misleading“令人误解的”；boring“令人厌倦的”；demanding“(工作)苛求的，费力的”。答案：B2．excitevt.使兴奋；使激动exciteda．(人)兴奋的；激动的excitedlyadv.excitinga．(事)使人激动的；令人兴奋的excitinglyadv.excitementn.[U]刺激；激动；兴奋搭配：become/getexcitedat/by/about/over/with因……而激动兴奋Strongcoffeeexcitesyournerves.浓咖啡刺激神经，使人兴奋。IwasveryexcitedwhenIknewthatIhadpassedthevisainterview.得知通过了签证面试，我非常兴奋。Thisisanexcitingstory.这是一个令人激动的故事。Thenewscausedgreatexcitement.这消息极令人兴奋。[指点迷津]excited与interested,surprised用法相同，exciting与interesting,surprising用法相同。Mostpeoplefinditdifficulttotellonefromanotherinanycase.Istayedtowatchtheraces,andImustadmitIfounditquite______.A.exciting B.dangerousC.boring D.peculiar解析：exciting“激动人心的”。根据下文Anyway,thecrowdaroundmewereobviouslyenjoyingtheirdayoutattheraces.dangerous“危险的”；boring“无聊的”；peculiar“奇怪的”。答案：A3．analysevt.分析；研究analysethecauseofthefailure分析失败的原因analyseasentencewhenstudyinggrammar学习语法时对句子进行分析analysisn．[C，U]分析，研究Heanalysedthefoodandfounditcontainedpoison.他对食物作了化验，发现有毒。[指点迷津]analyse又作analyze(AmE)．Specialistswillbeinvitedto______ourpresentsystembeforewetrytoimproveit.A.measure B.commentC.explain D.analyse解析：句意：在我们改进目前的体系之前，要邀请专家进行分析。analyse“分析”；measure“测量”；comment(on)“评论”；explain“解释”。答案：D4．advocatevt.提倡，主张搭配：advocate(doing)sth.提供、主张做某事advocatevt.表示“提倡，主张”时，后可跟名词或动名词即advocatesth./advocatedoingsth.，也可跟that从句，从句中谓语动词应用should型虚拟语气，即advocatethatsb.(should)dosth./advocatethatsth.(should)bedone.Mostfeministsadvocateequalpayformenandwomen.许多女权主义者提倡男女同工同酬。[指点迷津]advocate后面不能接动词不定式，搭配与suggest近似。MrJonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand______theclosingofallrecreationalfacilitiesforsuchgames.A.assists B.permitsC.advocates D.admits解析：句意为：琼斯先生强烈反对电子游戏，倡导关闭所有开发此类游戏的娱乐设施。advocates“提倡，主张”；assist“援助，帮助”；permit“允许”；admits“承认，接纳”。答案：C5．donatevt.捐赠，赠送donatesth.(tosb./sth.)捐赠，赠送(钱、物等)donatelargesumstorelieforganizations向救济组织捐赠巨款donateblood献血donationn.[C]捐赠物；n.[U]捐赠，赠送[指点迷津]donate虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，常与介词to搭配。类似用法的词语还有：introducesb.tosb.,explainsth.tosb.Ifmostbreadwinners______aday’spaytotheHopeProject,thenitwillbehopeful.A.gift B.presentC.donate D.give解析：句意：如果大多数养家人都为希望工程捐献他一天所得，那么希望工程大有希望。gift指赋予某人什么才能，通常用于被动语态；give为一般用语；present是正式颁给某人，通常附有仪式，着重强调赠者与接受方的关系；donate所赠的对象一般是慈善事业或机构。答案：CⅡ.短语突破Thepopulationasawholeis/areinfavourofthereform.全体人民普遍拥护改革。Onthewhole,I’minfavouroftheproposal.总的说来，我赞成这个提议。[指点迷津]asawhole通常不与它的修饰成分分开，而onthewhole通常用作插入成分，需用逗号与句子其他成分分开。I’lltellyouhowtodoitonceagain.我将再告诉你一次怎么做。[指点迷津]以上短语通常作状语。Ifyoudohavedifficultiesinpickinguptheprogrammeswithashort－waveradio,itisbettertotryit______anotherday.A.atonce B.onceinawhileC.once D.onceagain解析：atonce“立刻”；onceinawhile“偶尔”；once“一次”；onceagain“再一次，又一次”。根据句意，只有D项符合题意。答案：DThegeneralpulledhistroopsoutofthearea.将军把他的部队从那个地区撤了出来。TVprogrammesusuallycatertoalltastes.电视通常提供各种不同趣味的娱乐节目。Whenjudginghisperformance,don’ttakehisageintoaccount.评价他的表演时，不要考虑他的年龄。Hedidn’tliveuptohisreputation.他的生活与他的名声不符。[指点迷津]caterto中的to为介词，后需接名词或动名词作宾语；inreality和infact常用作状语。Wethoughttheyhadcometorepairthephone,butin______，theywereburglars.A.reality B.additionC.future D.vain解析：inreality“事实上，实际上”；inaddition“另外，而且”；infuture“未来，将来”；invain“徒然地，白费力地”。答案：AKeepaneyeonthebaby.照看一下这个婴儿。I’velostmyring.Couldyoukeepaneyeoutforitwhenyoucleanthehouse?我的戒指不见了。你打扫房子时能留点神吗？[指点迷津]keepaneyeon与takecareof,lookafter近义；keepaneyeopen与watch近义。—Couldyouplease______mysuitcaseforamoment?—Withpleasure.A.keepaneyeopenforB.keepyourearsopenC.keepeyeson D.keepaneyeon解析：keepaneyeon“照料，照管”；keepaneyeopenfor“留心，注意”；keepone’searsopen“留心听”。答案：D5．stickwithsb./sth.继续支持某人/某事；保持与某人/某事联系stickto坚持(to为介词)stickout伸出，突出I’mstickingwithmyoriginalidea.我坚持我原来的主张。Stickwithmeandyou’llbeallright.有事你来找我就没问题了。Don’tstickyourheadoutofthecarwindow.不要把头伸到车窗外。[指点迷津]stickto坚持理论(观点、看法等)；insistondoingsth.坚持做某事。SuddenlyIregainedhope.Idecidedto______nextyear.A.holdon B.turntoC.beginwith D.stickwith解析：从下文判断“她决定明年坚持比赛”，stickwith“坚持”。答案：D6．dropout(of)退出，辍学dropby/in顺便(或偶然)访问dropinatsomeplace参观(某地)dropinonsb.拜访(某人)dropoff睡着；(让……)下车，把……放下；下降，减少Sincehisdefeathe’sdroppedoutofpolitics.他失败后就不再从事政治活动了。Themanagerdroppedinunannouncedattheofficeseveraltimesaweek.经理每星期都不经事先通知来办公室几次。Imusthavedroppedoffforafewminutes.我一定是睡着了几分钟。[指点迷津]dropinat/on...为顺便拜访，而visit或payavisitto为专程拜访。JoeJones,theeldestoftheeightchildren,hadto______outofhighschoolattheageof16tohelphisfatheronthefarm.A.leave B.dropC.fall D.go解析：leave作“离校，退学或毕业”讲时，是及物动词，即leaveschool;dropoutof有“放弃”的意思；fallout为“争吵，发生，产生……的结果”；gooutofschool虽有“”的意思，但不符合语境，这里是“退学”的意思，故选B。答案：B7．resultin产生某种作用或结果resultfrom(因而)产生，发生，出现Oureffortsresultedinsuccess.我们的努力终于成功了。Hsinjuriesresultedfromafall.他因摔倒而受的伤。[指点迷津]resultin后面常接结果；resultfrom后常接原因。Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily______muchsharingofinterestandresponsibilities.A.takeover B.resultinC.holdon D.resultfrom解析：resultin“导致，引起”；其他选项意思分别为：takeover“接管”；holdon“继续，坚持”；resultfrom后接原因，表示“因……而发生，产生”。答案：B8．tobeginwith首先，第一，起初(1)inthefirstplace;firstly首先，第一(2)atfirst起初Tobeginwithhehadnomoney,butlaterhebecamequiterich.他起初没钱，可是后来相当富有了。[指点迷津]tobeginwith为一固定词组，不能去掉to，它与firstly,atfirst“相近”。I’mnotgoing.______Ihaven’taticket,andsecondIdon’tliketheplay.A.Beginwith B.BeginningwithC.Tobeginwith D.Begunwith解析：tobeginwith“首先，第一”；beginwith“以……开始”。答案：CⅢ.句型归纳1．Itisimportantthatallmembersoftheteamfeelthateachofthemmakesanequalcontributionandthattheyhelpandsupporteachother.所有队员都感觉他们中每个人所做的贡献是相等的，而且他们能相互帮助和支持，这一点是很重要的。[思维拓展]it作形式主语的句型：①It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句。ItisbelievedthatChinawillbecomeoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.人们相信，中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一。(本句型常用的动词是：say,hope,think,suppose,expect,report,know,believe,decide等)②It＋be＋形容词＋that从句。Itisprobablethatshewillbealittlelate.她可能要迟到一会儿。③It＋be＋名词＋that从句。ItisatruththattherewouldbenonewChinawithouttheCommunistParty.没有共产党，就没有新中国，这是一个真理。④It＋seems/happens/appears等不及物动词＋that从句。Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.看来他非常喜欢流行音乐。⑤如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。Isittruethathewillgoabroadnextweek?他下周要出国，是真的吗？⑥固定句型：Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花多少时间做某事IttookhimfourteenhourstogotoNewZealandfromShanghaibyplane.乘飞机从上海到新西兰花了他14个小时。⑦Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.Itisdifficultforustofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.在这么短的时间内我们要完成这项任务是很困难的。TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.Thisis B.ThereisC.Thatis D.Itis解析：本题考查It作形式主语的用法。通过分析题干结构可知，that引导主语从句，因此需用Itis,It作形式主语。而this,that无此用法，B项意义不当。答案：D2．Itisreportedthat99%ofschool－agechildreninChinaattendedprimaryschoolby2004.据报道，到2004年，99%的适龄儿童都上小学了。Itisreportedthat...(Itis＋p.p.＋that...)据报道……＝Peoplereportthat＋主句＝主语＋bereportedtodo...[思维拓展]It’shopedthat...人们希望……It’sthoughtthat...有人认为……It’sorderedthat...已下令……It’ssupposedthat...据推测……It’swellknownthat...众所周知……It’spointedoutthat...需要指出的是……Itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认的是……[指点迷津]句型中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，不能省略。Robertissaid______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudied B.tostudyC.tobestudying D.tohavebeenstudying解析：动词不定式的完成式表示过去发生的事，所提供的情景whatcountryhestudiedin表明Robert过去曾在某个国家学习过，要填tohavestudied。答案：A3．InnorthandcentralAustraliathepopulationissospreadoutthatchildreninsomeruralsettlementscanbeasfaras1,000kmawayfromthenearestschool.1,000千米。so...that...如此……以致于……，that引导结果状语从句在so...that...或such...that...句型中，that在状语从句中不作任何句子成分，注意与定语从句中的that(作主语或宾语)区分。[思维拓展][指点迷津]①such是形容词，修饰名词，so是副词，修饰形容词、副词。②solittle后必须接不可数名词，表示“如此少的，这么少的”；若little意思是“小的”，是普通形容词，前面用such。③many,(a)few,much,(a)little用于such之前，表示“许多/一点这样的……”；而many,few,much,little用于so之后，表示“这么多/少……”。④a,an用在such之后，但no,any,some,all以及数字用于such之前。so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词too＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋todo)as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词(＋as)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＝What＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词Wewerein______whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets.A.arushsoanxious B.asuchanxiousrushC.soananxiousrush D.suchananxiousrush解析：such后接名词，正确的词序是suchananxiousrush。so是副词后接形容词，正确的词序是soanxiousarush。答案：D4．Ihadmyhaircutoffandsolditbecause....我把头发剪了并且卖了因为……该句中have为使役动词，构成havesth.done结构，其中的sth.与do之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。[思维拓展]have的常见用法：①助动词用于陈述语气YouhavebeentoBeijing,haven’tyou?用于虚拟语气Withoutyourhelp,wewouldhavefailed.②实义动词与got连用，多用于口语，表示“有”。I’vegotsomethinginterestingtotellyou.用于否定句，有“容忍，允许”之意。Iwon’thaveyousaysuchthings.③havesth.done＝getsth.done让某人做某事或使某事发生I’dlovetohavethispackageweighed.④havesb.dosth.让某人做某事＝makesb.dosth.＝getsb.todosth.⑤havesb.doing＝keepsb.doing让某人处于某种状态或持续某种动作Mydadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.⑥won’thavesb.do/doing/done不容忍，不允许Shewon’thaveherselftreatedasacommodity.Iwon’thaveyoutellmewhattodo.Wewon’thaveyoudoingthat.⑦固定搭配havesth.on穿戴haveitthat据……的说法haveasay有权发言haveapityon同情，可怜haveinmind考虑到haveago试一试havenobusiness无权，没有理由(做某事)—Whomwouldyourather______paintthewall?—Johnson.A.ask B.orderC.have D.get解析：将此题还原为一个陈述句，即“Youwouldratherhave(whom)paintthewall.”A、B、D三个选项都必须接动词不定式，即ask/order/getsb.todosth.。答案：C5．Notonlywillthesequalitiesmakeyouriseintheeyesofothers,youwillalsofeelbetteraboutyourself.这些品质不仅会使你在别人眼中的地位得到提升，也会使你自我感觉更好。Notonly...(but)also“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列的成分。[指点迷津]①notonly放在句首时，句子用部分倒装，但连接的成分是主语时，虽位于句首，也不用倒装语序。如：NotonlydoesshelikeEnglish,(but)alsoshelearnsitwell.她不仅喜欢英语，而且学得好。NotonlyIbutalsoshelikesEnglish.不仅我而且她也喜欢英语。②具有否定意义的词语(主语除外)位于句首时用倒装。这类词有：not,never,seldom,rarely,hardly,notuntil,neither...(nor),nosooner...than,hardly...when,bynomeans,innotime等。如：NevershallIforgettheday.我决不会忘记这一天。(试比较：Ishallneverforgettheday.)Theboysaid______couldn’theworkouttheproblembuthisteacherdidn’tknowhowtodowithit.A.though B.neverC.hardly D.notonly解析：当notonly置于句首时，它引导的句子要用倒装语序，notonly...butalso可以省略also。答案：D6．...,youmustfirstexploreyourtalentsandgettoknowyourselfsoastofindoutwhereyourrealinterestslie.……，为了找出你真正的兴趣所在，你必须首先探测一下你的才干并逐步对你自己有所了解。soastofindout...是动词不定式作目的状语，也可以用inorderto...或todo...来引导。但soasto引导的不定式不能位于句首。[指点迷津]英语中可以用来作目的状语的结构有：todosth.inordertodo