江苏省扬州市广陵区2024-2025学年九年级上学期期中考试英语试题VIP

2024—2025学年第一学期期中调研考试九年级英语试题(总分:140分考试时间:110分钟)2024.11本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第Ⅰ卷为第1至65题，第Ⅱ卷为第66至96题。试卷总分140分，考试时间110分钟。友情提醒：请将答案填在答题卷上！第Ⅰ卷（选择题80分）一、听力（共20分）第一部分：听对话回答问题（10分）本部分共有10小题，每小题你将听到一段对话，每段对话听两遍，在听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟时间阅读题目；听完后，你将有5秒钟的时间选出你认为最合适的备选答案。1.How'stheweathernow?A. B. C.2.Howdotheman'sparentsgotoworknow?A. B. C.3.Wherehasthegirl'sunclebeen?A. B. C.4.Whichsignaretheytalkingabout?A. B. C.5.What'sthetime?A.It'ssix. B.It'sseven. C.It'seight.6.WhatcolourisPeter'ssweater?A.Green. B.Red. C.Black.7.WhoisTomwaitingfor?A.Hisbrother. B.Hisparents. C.Hisfriends.8.Whatarethestudentsdoingnow?A.They'rereadingnewspapers.B.They'recleaningthemeetingroom.C.They'rehavinganEnglishclass.9.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodrink?A.Tea. B.Coffee. C.Water.10.Whenwillthewomanhavetime?A.OnSundayevening. B.OnSundaymorning. C.OnSaturdayevening.B.听对话和短文答题(计10分)你将听到一段对话和两篇短文，各听两遍。听一段对话，回答11-12小题。11.Whatdayisitwhentheyaretalking?A.Sunday. B.Thursday. C.Friday.12.Whatwilltheydotomorrow?A.Visitthenewmuseum. B.Haveagoodsleep. C.GotoSlenderWestLake.听第一篇短文，回答第13-15小题。WhyishikingpopularReason1●healthyandrelaxing●goodexercisewithout13Reason2●simpleandcheap●whatyouneedtodo:wearapairof14Reason3●canhelpyougetawayfromyour15●canmakeyouenergeticandconfident13.A.running B.jumping C.hurting14.A.glasses B.boots C.trousers15.A.dailylife B.strangemood C.badhabits听第二篇短文，回答第16-20小题。16.Jack'sschoolworkwas________.A.poor B.good C.excellent17.Jackusuallyhurriedtoschoolinthemorningbecauseheoften________atnight.A.studiedhislessonslateB.hadsogoodasleepC.watchedcartoonsorsportsgamesforalongtime18.Jack'smothertriedtomakehim________.A.workharder B.watchcartoons C.sleepinclass19.Jackgotahundred________.A.inreading B.inspelling C.neitherinreadingnorinspelling20.Fromthestory,wecanknow________.A.JackwasgoodatreadingandspellingB.Jack'smotherwasnothappyathiswordsC.Jackgottendollarsatlast二、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，计15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。21.Teenagersshouldbe________thatthere'snoendingtolearning.A.absent B.awake C.aware D.afraid22.Thecompanywassetup________andmyfatherhasbeenworkinginitfornearlythirtyyears.A.1980s B.inthe1980s C.at1980 D.at1980s23.Findinginformationintoday'sworldiseasy.The________ishowyoucantellwhethertheinformationyougetisusefulornot.A.ability B.competition C.challenge D.knowledge24.—Waiter,$20fordinner,right?—I'mafraid$25,sir,fordrinksare________.A.extra B.free C.spare D.equal25.“Studyhard,________youwon'tbesuccessful.”Mymotheroftensaystome.A.or B.and C.but D.so26.I________thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhile.wewereawayfromhome.A.won't B.can't C.will D.can27.JaneAusten,thewriterofPrideandPrejudice,wrotemanystoriesoflove.Butshe________singleallherlife.A.reminded B.remained C.realized D.required28.Chickenpox(水痘)iseasyto________inautumn.Weshouldkeepthewindowsopen.A.breakout B.workout C.putout D.stayout29.—Wegetknowledge________frombooks________fromlife.—Yes,bothareimportant.A.notonly;butalso B.either;or C.neither;nor D.not;but30.—Didyouenjoythemilitarytraininglastweek?—Yes!ThoughIwas________deadaftersomuchhardtraining.A.sogoodas B.aswellas C.asgoodas D.sowellas31.—HowisSue?—Oh,shelivesabroad,soI________everseeher.A.clearly B.greatly C.nearly D.hardly32.—ThenovelGulliver'sTravelsisverynice.—Soitis.Couldyoutellme________?A.howlongIcanborrowit B.thatIcanborrowitC.whenshouldIreturnit D.ifIcankeepitforanotherweek33.Wearenotsureifit________whenwehaveourschoolsportsmeetingonFriday.A.rained B.rains C.hasrained D.willrain34.—Ifeelstressedfromtimetotime.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?—________sharingyourproblemswithyourparents?A.Whydon'tyou B.Howabout C.Whynot D.Wouldyoulike35.—Thankyouforallowingmetouseyourcomputer.—________.That'swhatfriendsarefor.A.Nevermind. B.Itdoesn'tmatter. C.Don'tmentionit D.Allright.三、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，计15分）阅读下列短文，从文后各题所给四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。At63,JerryValenciadecidedtogethiscollegedegree—andhismaster'stoo.Valenciaarrivedearly,satfrontandcenter.Hejumpedintoclass36actively.Andhewasalways37oftheotherstudents’opinions,asifeachofthemwasateacher.Valenciawas40yearsolderthanhisclassmates,buthedidn'tfeelbadabouthis38.Oneday,Valenciatoldmehewouldhaveto39takingclassesthistermbecausehecouldn'taffordthetuition(学费).Hewasinandoutofschool,hesaid,dependingonhisworkscheduleandwhetherhehad40forclasses.Butheseriouslyaskedwhetherhecould41sitinonmycommunicationsclass.Sure,Isaid.Buthewouldn'tgetanycredit(学分).Noproblem,hesaid.Soontherehewasagain,sitting42andcenter,jumpingintoourdiscussions.Valenciatoldme43ofhisbrothersandsistersfinishedcollege.Hehasmadeuphismindtobethefirst,44hestartedlate.Hewenttocollegeaftergraduatingfromhighschoolbutsoon45.Hehadtododifferentjobs.Hegottiredofkeepingtellinghimselfhewasgoingtogoback.Hetold46itwasfinallyforreal.“WhenIwentbacktoschool,shesaid,‘Ihopeyoumakeit,Jerry.’AndItoldher,‘I’mgoingtomakeit,Mom.”Hisplanwastostudycivilengineering.Buthe47otherinterests.Hejoinedtheforensics(辨论)debateteam.“Hisstrongwishtoeducatehimselfandlivea48lifeisencouragingotherstudents.”saysthecoachoftheteam.Athispace,he’llbe90whenhefinally49allthatpaperonthewall.Butdoesitreally50?Valencia'sstorytellsus:You'renevertoooldtolearn.36.A.presentations B.discussions C.reports D.conclusions37.A.aware B.afraid C.proud D.respectful 38.A.age B.health C.grades D.abilities39.A.continue B.stop C.enjoy D.finish40.A.money B.time C.chance D.interest41.A.even B.ever C.still D.already42.A.back B.left C.right D.front43.A.all B.each C.none D.neither44.A.because B.though C.when D.until45.A.dropped B.finished C.failed D.crashed46.A.hismother B.histeacher C.hisbrothers D.hissisters47.A.disliked B.invented C.developed D.researched48.A.careful B.faithful C.thankful D.meaningful49.A.picks B.gets C.brings D.hangs50.A.work B.matter C.appear D.continue四、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，计30分）阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。AYouhavewatched,playedandheardaboutsportslikefootball,tennisandbasketball.Buttherearemanyunusualsportsaroundtheworld.Let'slearnaboutsomeofthem.PoohsticksOrigin:InaWinnie-the-Poohbookin1926byA.A.Milne.Numberofplayers:Oneeachteam.Rulesofthegame:Peoplecanplayonanybridgeoverrunningwater.Eachplayerdropsastickontheupstream(上游的)sideofthebridgeandtheonewhosestickfirstappearsonthedownstreamsideisthewinner.ChessboxingOrigin:IntheUKin1978byJamesRobinson.Numberofplayers:Oneeachteam.Rulesofthegame:Itisamixtureofchessandboxing(拳击).Afullmatchhaselevenrounds(回合):sixroundsofchess,fiveroundsofboxing.Thereisaone-minutebreakeachround.BedracingOrigin:In1965bythepeopleoftheNorthYorkshireTownofKnaresborough.Numberofplayers:Fiveeachteam.Rulesofthegame:Oneplayerisonabedandtheotherfourplayerspushthebedaroundtheracetrack(赛道).Therearesomeobstacles(障碍物)inthetrack.BossaballOrigin:InSpain2004byFilipEyckmans.Numberofplayers:Threetofiveeachteam.Rulesofthegame:Itisaballgamethatisplayedbetweentwoteams.Itisplayedonaspeciallydesignedinflatablecourtwitharoundtrampoline(蹦床)oneachsideofanet.51.Whichofthefollowingsportshasthelongesthistory?A.Poohsticks. B.Chessboxing. C.BedRacing. D.Bossaball.52.Whichofthefollowingistheruleofchessboxing?A.Itisplayedoverrunningwater. B.Afullmatchhaselevenrounds.C.Playersshouldprepareabed. D.Itneedsaroundtrampoline.53.Whatdoesthewritertellus?A.Somenewsaboutfourpopularballgames. B.Somerulesoffourpopularballgames.C.Someinformationaboutfourunusualsports. D.Somereasonsforplayingfourunusualsports.BBassaniolookedatthethreeboxes,buthedidnotreadthewritingonthem.Helookedatthegoldandsilver.“Theworldistrickedbyappearances,”hesaid.“Peopleoftenhideordinarythingswithbeautifulgold,silver,andjewels.Peoplealwaysagreewiththosewhospeakwell,eveniftheysayfoolishthings.Manypeoplewhoseembravearereallycowards.Howoftendowebelieveinleaderswhoturnouttobebad?”ThenBassaniorememberedthestoryofMidas,themanwholovedgoldtoomuch.Hewantedeverythingtobegold.Hewishedthathecouldmakeeverythinggoldjustbytouchingit.Whenhecould,itwasadisaster.Hecouldnoteathisgoldenfood,andhewasafraidtotouchhisdaughter.“No,Idonotwantthesebeautifulboxesofgoldandsilver.Iwillchoosetheleadboxwithitsordinarycolor.Itspeaksmoretomethanallthegoldandsilverintheworld.Pleasegivemethekeytotheleadbox.Lethappinessbemine.”Bassaniosaidtohimself.Oneoftheservantsgavehimthekey,andhewenttotheboxandopenedit.Portiawasvery.pleased.Shecouldnotbelieveit,untilBassanioopenedtheboxandsawthepictureofPortiainsideit.Whenhesawthepicture,helovedherevenmorebecausethepicturewasverybeautiful.Hewonderedhowanyonecouldpaintsuchagoodpictureofher.ItwasalmostasbeautifulasPortiaherself.Helookedatallthepartsofthepicture.Helookedattheeyesandthehairandtheeyes.Allofthemwereperfect.ButPortiaherselfevenmorebeautifulthanherpicture.Thewritinginsidetheboxtoldhimthathehadchosentherightbox.ItsaidthatheshouldgotoPortiaandlookintohereyes.Shewouldbehiswife.Bassaniocouldnotbelieveit.“Isitreallytrue?”heasked.“Willyoureallybemywife?Iamafraidtobelieveituntilyousayso.”54.WhatdoweknowaboutMidas?A.Hewashappytoeatgoldenfood. B.Heworkedhardtogetgold.C.Hewasafraidofhisdaughter. D.Heshowedgreatinterestingold.55.Whatmay“cowards”dowhentheyfacethedifficulties?A.Findoutwaystosolvethem. B.Showfearandgiveup.C.Askothersforhelp. D.Handintheproblemstoothers.56.WhydidPortiafeelverypleasedwhenBassanioopenedthebox?A.BecauseBassaniodidn'tlikegold,silverorjewels.B.BecauseBassaniodidn'treadthewritingonthebox.C.BecauseshehopedtobecomethewifeofBassanio.D.Becauseshethoughtthepictureintheboxwasperfect.57.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Bassanioandtheleadbox B.PortiaandherpictureC.Thethingsintheboxes D.TrickedbyappearancesCMykidssitinGee'slivingroomandcarefullyliftChristmasornaments(饰品)outofabox.Theyareexcitedtoseethecartooncharacters.Geestandsbesidethem,quietlyexplainingeachtreasure.ShetellsmethatsheandTombuilttheirornamentcollectionpiecebypiece.Shesmilesasweleavewiththebox.WefirstmetTomandGeeintheearlydaysofourmarriage.Someonehadtakenawayourrubbishtotherubbishbin,andJimandIhadwonderedwho.Thenonedaywenoticedhim:anelderlymanwholivedacrossthestreet---Tom.Imadecookiesandleftthemonabenchoutsidewithathank-younote.Whenwegothomethatday,wefoundaletterfromTom,explainingwhenhe'dbeenfightingawar,neighborshadtakenawaytherubbishforhisyoungwife,Gee,andheneverforgot.Afewyearslater,Tomdied.WewrotealettertoGee,tellingherhowthankfulweweretohaveknownhim.ShewrotebackandtoldusshestilltalkedtoTomeveryday.Thesedays,we'replanningamove.Thehousethatseemedsohugesixyearsagoisfilledwithfurniture,books,toysand,ofcourse,people.Wehavepackedallthemovingboxes,butwecan'tseemtoputupthe“ForSale”signonthelawn.It'snotjustGee.It'sthemanwholetsourkidspickpeachesoffthetreeinhisfrontyard.It'stheladieswholeavebasketsfulloffoodforourkids.JimandIagreetowaituntilJanuary.ThisChristmas,we’lldecorateourtreewithGee’sornaments.MaybeIwanttoshowourthankstoTomforteachinguswhatitmeanstobeaneighbor.58.Whichofthefollowingsentencesshouldgointheemptyboxinthethirdparagraph?A.Nowhecollectsornamentsforallofus. B.Nowhemakessomecookiesforallofus.C.Nowhetakesawaytherubbishforallofus. D.Nowhewritesthank-younotesforallofus.59.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage?a.WefirstmetTomandGee. b.GeegaveChristmasornamentstothekids.c.Tomfoughtinthewar. d.ImadesomecookiestothankTom.e.WewrotealettertoGee.A.cadeb B.abcde C.acdbe D.cabed60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thekidsareexcitedtoseethecartooncharacters.B.Neighborsdidn'thelpGeewhenTomwasn'tathome.C.ThewriterplanstomovebecauseTompassedaway.D.Thewriterdoesn'twanttoleavetheneighborhood.61.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?A.Anicecouple B.WhatitreallymeanstobeaneighborC.Anunusualexperience D.WhatanelderlymandoesforusDAccordingtoGallup'sannualEmotionsreport,peopleallovertheworldaremorestressedthaneverbefore.Nearly40percentofadultsfrom146countriesreportedhavingexperiencedworryorstressthedaybeforethesurveywascarriedout.Anditisn'tjustadultsexperiencingthesehighstresslevels;expertshavealsofoundariseinthenumberofchildrenandyouth.AccordingtoanotherstudypublishedinEurekAlert,oneinfivestudentsaresostressed,they’veconsideredself-harm.Thehugestresstheyfacehasbeenproventobeharmfultotheirhealth.Stresscancauseworry,anger,depression,self-harmingbehaviorandsomeotherproblems.Sohowcanwefightit?Itmightsoundeasiersaidthandone,butstudieshaveshownthatthebestwaytodealwithstressistochangeyourbeliefsaboutit.TheUniversityofWisconsincarriedoutastudyof30,000Americans.Researchersaskedthemhowmuchstresstheyhadexperiencedinthepastyearandwhethertheybelievedstresswasharmingtheirhealth.Theresearchersconcludedthatpeopleinthestudywhowerefacinghugestressandviewedthestressasharmfulhad43percenthigherriskofdyingthanpeoplewhoviewedstressasahelpfulreply.Moreinterestingly,thosewithmoreactivebeliefsaboutstresshadthelowestriskofdeathoutofallthepeopleinthestudy,evenlowerthanthoseexperiencingverylittlestress.AseparatestudycarriedoutbyresearchersfromKing'sCollegeLondonandtheUniversityofMarburgshowedstudentswithmoreinactivebeliefsaboutstressfeltuncomfortable.Theyexperiencedheadachesandtirednessduringastressfulexamperiod,comparedwithstudentswhohadmoreinactivebeliefsaboutstress.Thesetwostudieshaveproventhatstressitselfisnotbadinfact.Itisthebeliefthatstressisbadthatisbad.Sostressharmsyourhealthifyouthinkitdoes.62.What'sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexpressthemainidea. B.Toshowthewritingorder.C.Todrawaconclusion. D.Tointroducethetopic.63.Theunderlinedword“depression”inParagraph2meansthestateof________.A.feelingveryhappy B.feelingquiteconfidentC.feelingverysad D.feelingquiteworried64.Theunderlinedword“They”inParagraph7refersto________.A.researchersfromtheUniversityofWisconsin. B.researchersfromKing'sCollegeLondon.C.studentswithmoreactivebeliefsaboutstress. D.studentswithmoreinactivebeliefsaboutstress.65.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.StressitselfisnotbadbuthelpfulB.StressharmsyourhealthifyouthinkitdoesC.PeoplearemuchmorestressedthaneverbeforeD.Adultsandchildrenareexperiencinghighstresslevels第Ⅱ卷（非选择题60分）五、词汇运用（共10小题；每小题1分，计10分）根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。(每空一词)66.Thetwocommunitieslivetogetherin________.(和平)67.Billyseemstohavedifficulty________thenewwords.(发音)68.DoyoubelieveMr.Johnsonhadalongcriminal________.(记录)69.Sofar,we’ve________insavingthousandsofpeopleindanger.(成功)70.Heisthe________teacherIhaveevermet.ButIlikehimalot.(严格)71.Canyouwritedownallthe________names?(German)72.Don'tbeso________!Thebuswillbeheresoon.(patient)73.Hehasbecomeafamousdoctorinhis________.(twenty)74.Theteachertoldusthattheearth________aroundthesun.(move)75.Tonymademanymistakesinhishomeworkbecausehedidit________(careless).六、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，计10分）认真阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题（每题回答字数不超过10个词）。“WhatshouldIwecallyou?”Iasked.“MynameisCaptainNemo,”hetoldus.“ThenameofmyshipisNautilus.”CaptainNemoshowedmethelibrary,theartgalleryandtheengineroom.“It'sawonderfulship!”Iexclaimed.“Iloveitasifitweremychild,”hereplied.“Itmusthavecostafortune!”“Millionsofdollars,”hereplied.“However,Ihavebillions!”NedLandandConseilwereasamazedattheshipasIwas,butNedwasstillinterestedintryingtofindawaytoescape.Itoldhimthatheshouldstopthinkingaboutitforthemoment.Afewdayslater,CaptainNemoinvitedmeandmyfriendstogohuntingwithhimintheforestsofCrespoIslandunderthesea.WhenwereturnedtotheNautilus,weweretiredbutamazedbywhatwehadseenduringthetrip.Itwasanamazingexperience.WhenweenteredtheTorresStrait,theNautilushitareefandstopped.WehadtowaitforthehightidetolifttheNautilusoffthereef.WethreewereallowedtouseCaptainNemo'sdinghytogoontotheisland.Wewereexcited.Whenwereturnedtotheislandthenextday,wewereattackedbysavages.Aboutonehundredsavagesfollowedusandtriedtocomeintotheship.CaptainNemodidn'tworryaboutthem.Whentheyputtheirhandsontherail,theyallfellbackandranaway.CaptainNemohadputelectricityintotherail.Anybodywhotoucheditwouldreceiveanelectricshock.Oneday,CaptainNemoaskedmetofollowhimtoanotherroomandhelponeofhismen.Amanlayonabedwithaverybadheadwound.Ilookedatit.“Whathappened?”CaptainNemoanswered,“Somethingbrokeintheengine.Aheavypieceofmetalhithishead.”“Heisgoingtodiesoon,”Isaid.“Nothingcansavehim.”TearsfilledCaptainNemo'seyes,andheaskedmetoleave.Wesailedthroughaseaofmilkandhugearmiesofshellsand,sometimeslargecrowdsofsharks.IrealizedthatIdidnotreallywanttoescape.76.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fortune”meaninEnglish?__________________________________________________________________________________________77.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”referto?__________________________________________________________________________________________78.Whydidthesavagesfallbackandrunawaywhentheyputtheirhandsontherail?__________________________________________________________________________________________79.Accordingtothepassage,howmanytimesdid“I”leavetheNautilus?__________________________________________________________________________________________80.WhatdoyouthinkofCaptainNemoaccordingtothispassage?__________________________________________________________________________________________七、缺词填空（共10空；每空1分，计10分）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）Thesunwasdroppingdownthemountainsfaraway.LittleTomcamebackhome,withtearsinhiseyes.“What'sthematter,Tom?How'syourtrip?”hismotheraskedwithabigsmile.“If81.Themountainwassohighandfullofbigorsmallstonesontheway,Istillwentahead.ButIwastiredanditwassoI82thatIhadtocomeback.”Tomcried.“Itdoesn'tmatter.Youwillhavea83chance.”hismothersaid.“But,standingatthetopofthemountainismyd84!”Tomsaid.Hisfathercameoverandasked,“Didyouseethegreentreesonyourwaytothem85?”“Sure,andtherearealsobeautifulflowers.”Tomreplied.“Didyouhearthebirdssinging?”hisfatherasked.“Yes,andthesoundwasverysweet.”Tomsaid.“Didyoufeelthebeautyofn86?”hisfatherasked.“Yes,thebluesky,thewhiteclouds,thegreentreesandthecolorfulflowersm87anicepicture.”Tomanswered.“That'se88!”hisfathersmiledandsaid,“Pleaseremember,son.Achievingwhatyoue89isnotthemostimportantthing.A90youdidn'treachthetopofthemountain,yougotalotontheway.Itistruethatnoteverydreamwillcometrue.Themostbeautifulscenery(风景)isontheway.八、书面表达（计30分）A.根据中文意思，完成下列句子，词数不限。（共5小题；每小题2分，计10分）91.当你难以做决定时，红色可以帮助你。____________________________________________________________________________________________92.妈妈想知道儿子是否将参加学校足球队的选拔。____________________________________________________________________________________________93.很多我的同龄人不知道如何处理这个问题。____________________________________________________________________________________________94.扬州很美，值得一游。____________________________________________________________________________________________95.让我惊讶的是，他已经决定死后捐献遗体供医学研究。____________________________________________________________________________________________B.写作。（计20分）96.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Mary给你发了一封电子邮件，想了解一下你在学校的学习和生活方面的一些收获、困惑和感受，请认真阅读下面的邮件，根据信中的内容，结合你的实际用英语写一篇100词左右的回复。To:Lihua@From:maryswift@Subject:SchoollifeDearLiHua,Howareyou?I'mgladtohearyouareaGrade9studentnow.I'dliketoknowsomethingaboutyou.Wouldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutyourlife?●WhatproblemsdoyouhaveasaGrade9student?.●Whodoyouoftenaskforhelpandwhatadvicewillhe/shegiveyou?●Whohasinfluencedyoumost?Why?I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely,Mary注意：1.字数100词左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总字数；2.回复须包括所有要点，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、顺畅；3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。DearMary,I'mgladtohearfromyou.__________________________________________________________________

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