语法定语从句课件-高三英语一轮复习

高考备战之定语从句Learningobjectives1.Toknowthefunctionofattributiveclause.2.Tomasterthedifferentusageoftherelativepronouns.3.Tolearnhowtouse

attributiveclausestodescribenaturaldisasters.形容词名词介词短语非谓语动词从句(定语从句）Sheisabeautifulgirl.Amyisawomanteacher.Thegirlinredismysister.Ihavesomethingtosay.Theboymakingfaceismyson.Japanisadevelopedcountry.Ilikepeoplewhosmilesalot.1定义：修饰名词或代词，常译为“的”2什么可以做定语1.什么是定语?2.什么是定语?定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。表示...的，作用相当于形容词Aplane

isamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Thegirl

that/who/whom/(省略)wesawyesterdayisMary.主句从句从句从引导词开始，到句子结束。从句从句从引导词开始，到第二个谓语动词出现结束。定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。表示...的，作用相当于形容词

关系词的作用在复合句中被定语从句修饰、限定的名词或代词。先行词引导定语从句的词。定语从句(AttributiveClause)关系词定语从句分类限制性定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词（避免重复）在从句中充当一个成分关系代词：who,which,that,whose,whom,关系副词：when,where,why非限制性定语从句定语从句Summary

关系代词指人指物作主语作宾语作定语that√√√√which√√√who√√√whom√√whose√√√1)Finally,thethiefhanded

everythingthathehadstolentothepolice.2)Hewastheonlyonethatcouldhelpusatthemoment.3)ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas"ThePrinceandthePauper"byMarkTwain.

当先行词是anything,nothing,much,everything,all,few,any,little等不定代词时当先行词被all,every,theonly,thevery,

few,little,no,some等修饰时或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Attention!!!关系代词的选择（特殊情况）只用that,不用which的情况：4)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolthathevisited.当先行词既有人又有物时Attention!!!关系代词的选择（特殊情况）宜用that,不用which的情况：1)Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanycornerofthetownwillgiveyoualltheinformation.2)Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.Attention!!!关系代词的选择（特殊情况）只用which，不用that的情况：1)在非限制性定性定语从句中,有逗号2)关系代词前面出现介词时，指物只能用which，指人只能用whom指代人且做主语时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that。这些情况用who而不用that：1)当先行词为anyone，one，everyone,someone等不定代词或人称代词时。2)当先行词为指人的those或是被those修饰的人时。3)当先行词是people或表示人的集体名词时。1）Ishetheonewhowantstoseeyou?HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2）Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Sheisoneofthosewomenwhoalwaysmaketheworstoftheirtroubles.3)Iknowthepeoplewhoarestandingthere.Attention!!!关系代词的选择（特殊情况）关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhy时间地点原因时间状语地点状语原因状语三.关系副词如何选择关系代词VS关系副词?①从句缺少主、宾、定关系代词关系副词②从句缺状语练一练Practicemakesperfect.1.(2021新课标II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.答案：which或that解析：考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构，________usedalotofplastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词acompany，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。2.(2022新课标I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.答案：that解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在GiantPandaRange的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。3.(2024新课标I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.答案：which/that解析：考查定语从句。句意：MarkWoodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。4.(2024浙江1月卷)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway________willmakethemthemostmoney.答案：that/which。解析：考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。5.Ourteacherssparenoefforttocreateanatmosphere_______enablesustostudyattentivelyandharmoniously.答案：which/that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。【详解】．whose考查定语从句。句意：潍坊风筝的主题极其丰富，深受国内外人民的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Weifangkites，关系词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。6．Weifangkites,

themesareextremelyrich,arepopularwithpeopleathomeandabroad.Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or"/".ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople__________homesweredestroyed.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthe

people___________wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusing

anything_________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings____________hadbeendamagedbythehuricanewererepaired.whosewho/thatthat//that/which有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。建筑物可怕的晃动惊醒了沉睡中的人们。

第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。

几天后，大多数在飓风中被损坏的建筑物得到了修缮。

Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or"/".ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.5.Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothe