2024年高考英语调研大一轮复习课时作业21Unit1GreatscientistsB卷新人教版

PAGEPAGE1课时作业21GreatscientistsⅠ.阅读理解A(河南八市联考)Manyoftheworld'smostwell­knownpeoplewereoncesuccessfulfailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem.AbrahamLincoln(1809—1865)AbrahamLincolnwasoneofAmerica'sgreatestleaders,takingthecountrythroughtheCivilWar(from1860to1865).However,hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed.Hewentbankrupttwice,andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid,“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed,butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”VincentVanGogh(1853—1890)VanGoghisoneofthemostfamousandinfluentialpaintersinthehistoryofWesternArt.He'srenownedforpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight,ThePotatoEatersandSunflowers.However,duringhislifetime,VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney.Despitethis,hecarriedonpainting,sometimesevengoingwithoutfoodsohecouldcompletehiscollectionofover800knownworks.AlbertEinstein(1879—1955)AlbertEinsteinwontheNoblePrizeinPhysicsin1921.However,hewasn'talwaysconsideredasa“genius”.Hedidn'tspeakuntilhewasfour,andcouldn'treaduntilhewasseven.Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow,sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn'tgetintotheZurichStephenKing(born1947)StephenKingisoneofthebest­sellingauthorsofalltime,buthisfirstbook,Carrie,wasrejectedbyabout30publishers.Eventually,Stephenthrewitinthebin,buthiswifefisheditoutandencouragedhimtoresubmitit,whichhedidsuccessfullythistime!这篇文章主要讲了世界上的很多人在胜利之前都遭受了失败，并且为我们列举了几个特别出名的人物的例子。1．WhichstatementistrueaboutAbrahamLincoln?A．HeledtheAmericanWarofIndependence.B．Heneversucceededinhisbusiness.C．Hewasfullofcourageandperseverance.D．HeisthegreatestpresidentoftheUnitedStates.答案：C解析：推理推断题。由其次段中的However,hislifewasnevereasy.Hestartednumerousbusinessesthatfailed.Hewentbankrupttwice,andwasdefeatedin26campaignsforpublicoffice.Helatersaid,“Mygreatconcernisnotwhetheryouhavefailed,butwhetheryouarecontentwithyourfailure.”可推断出亚伯拉罕·林肯充溢志气，坚持不懈，选C。2．Whobecamefamousallovertheworldafterhisdeath?A．AbrahamLincoln. B．VincentVanGogh.C．AlbertEinstein. D．StephenKing.答案：B解析：推理推断题。由第三段中的However,duringhislifetime,VanGoghsoldonlyonepaintingforaverysmallamountofmoney...hecouldcompletehiscollectionofover800knownworks.可推断出梵高是在去世之后，才著名于全世界的。3．WhatwasthemostlikelyreasonforAlbertEinstein'sdroppingoutofschool?A．Hewastooslowtolearn.B．Hecouldn'tspeakorread.C．Histeacherthoughthewasstupid.D．Hedidn'tobeytheschoolrules.答案：C解析：推理推断题。由倒数其次段中的Histeachersandparentsthoughthewasslow,sohewasexpelledfromschoolandcouldn'tgetintotheZurichPolytechnicSchool.可推断出爱因斯坦被退学，最可能的缘由就是老师认为他很笨。4．Whatdothepeopleinthepassagehaveincommon?A．TheyareallAmericans.B．Theyareknownfortheirwritings.C．Theywereborninthesamecentury.D．Theyallsufferedfailurebeforetheysucceeded.答案：D解析：推理推断题。由第一段中的Manyoftheworld'smostwell­knownpeoplewereoncesuccessfulfailures.Herearethestoriesofafewofthem.可推断出这些人们的共同之处在于他们在胜利之前都遭受了失败。B(福建师大附中模拟考试)In2013aloneatleast20,000Africanelephantswerekilledfortheirteeth.InSouthAfricaoverthelasttwoyearsmorethan2,200rhinoswerekilledfortheirhorns.Thesenumbersarealarming,becausecurrentratesofillegalhuntingarefasterthanbirthrates,whichcouldleadtoextinctionoftheseecologicallyimportantcreaturesintheenvironment.Indeed,someelephantandrhinopopulationsareontracktobelocallyextinctwithinthenextdecade.Ifyouarereadingthis,youmayalreadybeawareofthesefacts.Butyoumightnotknowthatwildlifetrafficking(非法交易)notonlythreatenstheexistenceofelephantsandrhinosbutisalsoleadingtoextinctionofotherspecies,suchastigers,tortoises,seaturtles,andtheworld'smosttraffickedmammal(哺乳动物)—pangolins.Pangolinsaretheonlymammalsthatareentirelycoveredintoughscales(鳞),whichmakesthemlookverystrong.Butactuallytheyareendangeredmammals.Thereareeightdifferentspeciesofpangolins,fourinAsiaandfourinAfrica,andallarethreatenedwithextinction.Althoughpangolinsareprotectedthroughoutmostofthecountrieswheretheylive,highdemandinEastAsia,wherethedeliciouspangolinmeatisconsideredadelicacyandwheretheirscalesareusedintraditionalmedicines,isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts.Thenumberofpangolintraffickingisshocking.Expertsbelievethatoverthelast10yearsmorethan1millionpangolinsweretakenfromthewild.Itisestimatedthatbetween40,000and81,250pangolinswerekilledfortheillegaltradein2013alone.InFebruary,theUnitedStatesreleasedaplantodealwithwildlifetrafficking,whichlaysoutthestepswewilltaketofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife,includingpangolins.Wearestrengtheningthecarryingoutoftheplan:buildinginternationalcooperationandmakingcontributionstoprotectingwildlifeandraisingawarenesstodrivedownthedemandthatisfuellingtheillegaltrade.GetinvolvedandrememberWorldWildlifeDay(March3)byspreadingtheplan.Usesocialmediaandtelleveryonethatnowitistimetogetseriousaboutwildlifecrimeandendthedemandthatthreatensspecies,bigandsmall,fromthehugeelephanttotheshypangolin.由于人们的猎杀，一些物种面临灭亡。本文号召人们行动起来，爱护濒危物种。5．Howmanyendangeredcreaturesarementionedinthepassage?A．4.B．5.C．6.D．7.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一、二段可知，文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陆龟、海龟、穿山甲六种面临灭亡的动物，即C项正确。6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Eightspeciesofpangolinsliveonthesamecontinent.B．Pangolinsarenotprotectedinmostoftheirnaturalhabitats.C．Thescalesofpangolinscanbeusedasaningredientforcooking.D．HighdemandcontributestotheillegaltradeofpangolinsinEastAsia.答案：D解析：推理推断题。依据第三段中的“...highdemandinEastAsia...isdrivinganillegaltradeinbothliveanimalsandpangolinparts.”可知，高需求导致了东亚穿山甲非法交易的发生，即D项正确。7．WhatcanweknowabouttheplanreleasedbytheUS?A．SocialmediawillbeusedtospreadWorldWildlifeDay.B．Whethertheplanwillbeworkedoutremainstobeseen.C．TheUSwillworktogetherwithothercountriestoprotectwildlife.D．Moreandmorepeopleareadvisedtoincreasetheirneedsofpangolins.答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段其次句可知，美国将联合其他国家爱护野生动物，即C项正确。8．Whatistheauthor'sintentionofwritingthepassage?A．ToinformussomethingaboutWorldWildlifeDay.B．Toraiseawarenessofprotectingendangeredwildlife.C．ToexplainwhypangolinsareillegallytradedinEastAsia.D．ToshowhowtheUnitedStatesistofighttheillegaltradeinwildlife.答案：B解析：写作意图题。依据文章最终一段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是增加人们爱护濒危物种的意识，即B项正确。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·吉林榆树第一高级中学检测)WhileIwaswatchingTVtheothernightwithmywife,acommercialforanewfabricsoftener(织物柔顺剂)cameon.YouknowtheoneI'm__1__，thethingyouputinyourdryerinsteadofaddingadryersheet(除静电布)．__2__speaking,Ihavelittle__3__insuchaproduct,butitisbeing__4__asabigtimesaverthatwill__5__peopletodotheimportantthingsinlife.However,isthat__6__？Howlongdoesittaketoaddadryersheet?Twoseconds.Andwhatistheworstpossible__7__offorgettingit?Onlyalittlestatic(静电)onyour__8__.Thecommercialmademethinkofallthe__9__andservicesinourlivesthatareconsideredas“timesavers”.Astheyearsgoby,we__10__moreandmoreofthese.However,Istillhearanincreasingnumberofpeoplecomplainingthattheydon'thaveanytime.Howisthispossible?Wehave__11__towashanddryourclothes,cookourmealsanddoahundredother__12__.Butwestillcomplainaboutbeingtoo__13__.Isitbecausewe'vecometotakethesethingsforgrantedorbecausewe'vemanagedto__14__thatsavedtimewithothertasks?Ithinkweshouldtakesomeofthesetasksback.Insteadofdrivingyourcardownthestreettothestore,__15__withthekids.Thusinsteadofa__16__trip,youcanenjoy30minutesoffamilytime.Howabout__17__theclothesonthelineinsteadofputtingtheminthedryer?Thenyouwillgiveyourself15minutesinthe__18__.Bydoingthosetasksinthisway,weendup__19__ourselvesdownandtakingback__20__.本文是一篇争论文。很多能够帮助我们节约时间的新产品出现了，可是我们仍旧很劳碌。那么原委怎样才能让我们放慢脚步呢？1．A.thinkingabout B．talkingaboutC．dealingwith D．lookingfor答案：B解析：本空后是对“我”在上一句中谈到的一种新型织物柔顺剂的进一步说明。2．A.Madly B．ExactlyC．Honestly D．Specifically答案：C解析：依据3空后的but可知，前后两句构成转折关系。说实话，“我”对这样的产品并不感爱好。但是，它却被认为是一种能够帮助高效节约时间的产品。3．A.interest B．patienceC．fun D．delight答案：A解析：联系全句可知，“我”对这类商品不感爱好。4．A.admired B．rememberedC．respected D．regarded答案：D解析：联系空后的abigtimesaver可知，这件商品被人们认为可以有效节约时间。5．A.request B．rushC．free D．call答案：C解析：它能让人们有时间去做更重要的事。freesb.todosth.“使某人有时间做某事”。6．A.interesting B．possibleC．important D．true答案：D解析：依据本空后可知，“我”认为不用这种织物柔顺剂，而只用防静电布的话，也只须要两秒钟。所以，这种产品并不能帮助我们节约多少时间。人们的观点好像是不正确的。7．A.goal B．reasonC．outcome D．cause答案：C解析：假如用防静电布的话，只须要两秒钟的时间。假如不用，最坏的结果可能是什么呢？只不过是衬衫上带点静电罢