2024秋高中英语单元质量评估一含解析新人教版必修5

PAGE14-单元质量评估(一)时间：100分钟分数：120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题，每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。AScientistsattheUniversityofHawaiiatManoastudiedahugeareaintheeasternpartofthePacificOceanknownastheClarion­ClippertonZone，orCCZtofindandstudynewseaspecies.DivaAmon，aresearcherattheUniversitysaysusuallydeepseabiologiststhinkthereisnotalotlivinginthedeepsea.“Butwefoundthatactuallythereisquitealotlivingthere，andsothatwasreallyexciting...”shesays.ThegroupisstudyingtheareabecausetheCCZ，ahugeandflatareaofseabed，isknowntohavevaluableminerals.TheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA)isallowingthecompanyUKSeabedResourcesLtdtoexploretheareaonthePacificOceanfloorformining.However，theISAsaidthecompanymustfirstcompleteabiologicalstudyoftheareabeforeitcanbeginminingformetals.So，thecompanyemployedAmonandhergroup.Amonsaysthatmorethanhalfoftheanimalstheycollectedwerecompletelynewtoscience.Hergroupdiscoverednotonlynewspecies，butnewgenera(动植物的属)ofanimals.BiologicaloceanographerPaulSnelgrovesaysthatfindingnewspeciesinthedeepoceaniscommon.But，hesaid，findinganewgenus“isreallygreat”．Amonwarnsthatifmininghappensacrossthewholearea，theecosystemwouldbelargelydestroyed.But，shesays，wewillfindtheleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible.“Thereisasortofscientificpushtotryandslowthingsdownabitsothatthesciencecanbedonebefore...soitcanbedonewiththeleastinfluencepossible...”shesays.“It'slikelywearegoingtodevelopatleastsomepartsofthesedeepoceanenvironmentsanddoitinawaythat'sgoingtominimize(最小化)ourinfluence，”saysPaul.【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道。科学家在太平洋发觉数量惊人的新物种。1．WhatdidscientiststrytofindoutintheCCZ?A．Whetherthereislife.B．Whethertherearevaluableminerals.C．Whatsealifeexiststhere.D．Whatmetalslieundertheseafloor.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“Scientists...studied...CCZtofindandstudynewseaspecies”可知，科学家探测CCZ是为了探讨这个区域的海洋生物。答案：C2．WhatisAmon'sattitudetowardsminingtheCCZ?A．Careful. B．Doubtful.C．Unsupportive. D．Uninterested.解析：推理推断题。依据倒数第三段中的“But，shesays，wewillfindtheleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible”可知，她对于CCZ这个区域的开采持谨慎看法。答案：A3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthetextreferto?A．Mining.B．Ascientificpush.C．Findingtheleastdamagingway.D．Developingtheoceanenvironments.解析：词义揣测题。该段承接上一段中的“findtheleastdamagingwaytomakeminingpossible”来接着说明在开采前须要进行科学探讨，因此it在此指代mining。画线词后的“withtheleastinfluencepossible”与上一段中的“theleastdamagingway”相互呼应。答案：ABSirJohnGurdon，aBritishscientist，whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2012，saidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50years，andthat“maybethesameanswerisappropriate”forthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclone“copies”toreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissues，thebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst“test­tubebaby”．Hesaid，“Whenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredone，anAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwouldbebeforethesethingscouldbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid，‘Well，itcouldbeanytimebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years？’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerned.Maybethesameanswerisappropriate.”SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwin，anddoctorswouldthereforesimplybe“copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced”．Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildren，whoarenolongerfertile(能生育的)，tocreateanotherbyusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchild，thinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffective，is60percentinfavour.Thereasonsfor“no”areusuallythatthenewchildrenwouldfeeltheyaresomesortofreplacementsforsomething.【语篇解读】诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在将来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。4．Accordingtothetext，whichstatementisNOTtrue?A．LouiseBrownisthefirst“test­tubebaby”．B．Humancloningisstillacontroversialtopic.C．SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D．Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbefore.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“afterthebirthofLouiseBrown，thefirst‘test­tubebaby’”可解除A项；依据文章尾段可知赞成者占6成，故解除B项；依据其次段中格登爵士的话可知，他对克隆人充溢了希望，故解除C项；依据其次段的尾句可知，D项表述不正确。答案：D5．Theunderlinedword“identical”probablymeans“________”．A．same B．specialC．new D．clear解析：词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“twin”和文中的“doctorswouldthereforesimplybe‘copyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced’”可知，A项正确。答案：A6．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．A．mostpeoplecastdoubtonJohn'sexperimentsB．humancloningisandwillbeonlyadreamC．fewchildrenlovetobeclonedinthefutureD．humancloningmayberealizedsomeday解析：推理推断题。依据文章其次段的第一句可知，虽然克隆人类的尝试将引起困难的道德问题，但是生物学家声称假如克隆技术变得有医学价值，人们很快就会消退他们的担忧，故选D。答案：DCDoyousupposeDarwin，oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime，reallydidfoolishexperiments？Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes，peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes，theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution，butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.CharlesDarwindidn'tsettlefor(满意于)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace，theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens？Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything.Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.Itexplainspartofourpresent­dayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset__asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea，whichwemightthinkisfoolish，canshakethefoundationsofscience.【语篇解读】最简洁的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它特别简洁。7．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________．A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC．thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD．didn'tgetonwellwithothers解析：推理推断题。短文并没有说查尔斯·达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可解除A项；由第一、二段可知，别人认为达尔文的很多试验太简洁不值得做，可解除B项；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的事情，可解除D项。由第三段中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe”可推出答案为C。答案：C8．Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“________”．A．throwaway B．storeupC．puttouse D．realize解析：词义揣测题。结合文意可知，作者认为做简洁试验是重要的，它说明了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解，这些理解推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。答案：A9．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________．A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin，GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper，withthesamesizeandshape，willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus解析：主旨大意题。短文的最终一段点明最简洁的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告知我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它特别简洁。答案：D10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.B．Accordingtosomepeople，Darwindidfoolishexperiments.C．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.解析：细微环节理解题。文章第一段其次句明确告知我们，其他人认为达尔文做了愚蠢的试验。答案：B其次节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beforetherewasthewrittenword，therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate，joyandsorrow，lifeanddeath，andeverythingelseinbetween.11．________WedancefromFloridatoAlaska，fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings，birthdays，officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing，”saysLesterBridges，theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful.12.________It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem，it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”13．________“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple，”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.14.________”So，dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter，calmer，healthier？AndreaHilliersays，“Dance，likethepatternofabeatingheart，islife.Evenafteralltheseyears，Iwanttogetbetterandbetter.15.________Ifindithardtostop！DancingremindsmeI'malive.”A．Sowhydowedance?B．DanceintheUSiseverywhere.C．Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors，cometoAmerica.D．Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E．IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F．Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G．Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.【语篇解读】本文介绍了美国的一位舞蹈爱好者李斯特·布里奇斯，他开办舞蹈班教其他人跳舞，自己也始终在跳舞的故事。11．解析：依据空后的内容可知，该段重点说明在美国随时随地都可以跳舞，所以B项“在美国到处都是舞蹈”适合作该段主旨句。答案：B12．解析：依据空前的“Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.”可知，布里奇斯开办各个年龄段的舞蹈班；再结合后面一句“It'sgreattowatchthem.”可知，此处说明年龄较大的学生感觉通过跳舞变得更年轻了。空后面的them和选项D中的olderstudents相对应，故选D项。答案：D13．解析：这是一个过渡句。空后的内容主要说明跳舞带来的好处，所以选A项。答案：A14．解析：依据空前一句“Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.”可知，参与舞蹈班学习好像完全变更了他们的心情。故选F项。答案：F15．解析：依据空后一句“Ifindithardtostop！”可知，前一句应当是说“即使我极为疲乏时也接着练习跳舞”，故E项符合语境。答案：E其次部分英语学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Asachild，Billwasuntidy.Ithasbeensaidthatinorderto____16____this，hismumdrewup____17____clothingplansforhim.OnMondayshemightgotoschoolinblue...onThursdaysinblack，andsoon.Weekendmeal____18____mightalsobeplannedindetail.PeoplearoundBill____19____thathewasexceptional.Oneofhisfriendsrecalled，“Hewas____20____thekindofkidyoudidn'twant____21____ourteam.WeallknewBillwas____22____thanus.Evenbackthen，whenhewasnineortenyearsold，hetalkedlikea(n)____23____andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofusunderstood.”Billwasalsowell____24____hisclassmatesinmathematicsandscience.Heneededtogotoaschoolthat____25____him，Lakeside，anall­boyschoolfor____26____students.Lakesideallowedstudentstogoaftertheirown____27____，towhateverextenttheywished.Theschool____28____itselfonhelpingallitsstudentstoreachtheir____29____potential.ItwastheidealenvironmentforsomeonelikeBillGates.DuringhistimeatLakeside，Billscoreda(n)____30____eighthundredonamathematicstest.Itwasextremelyimportanttohimtogetthisgrade—hehadtotakethe____31____morethanonceinordertodoit.Computertimewasexpensiveand，becauseBillwasanxioustogetmore____32____andalreadyhadanunderstanding____33____whathecouldachieve____34____，hedecidedto____35____acompany：TheLakesideProgrammersGroup.“Let'scalltherealworldandtrytosellsomethingtoit！”Billannounced.【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。比尔·盖茨在少年时期虽然在生活上不修边幅，但却在其他方面远超同龄人。16．A.balance B．keepC．watch D．continue解析：依据上文的“Billwasuntidy”可知，比尔不修边幅，结合下文的“hismumdrewup____17____clothingplansforhim”及下文比尔学习成果优异可知，为了平衡着装与学习，母亲为其制订了每周的着装安排。balance“使均衡”。答案：A17．A.certain B．strictC．weekly D．timely解析：依据下文的“OnMondays...onThursdaysinblack，andsoon”可知，此处表示每周的着装安排。weekly“每周的”。答案：C18．A.dishes B．conferencesC．places D．schedules解析：依据语境可知，比尔周末的用餐时间也可能是具体安排好的。schedule“时刻表”。答案：D19．A.saw B．discussedC．confused D．recognized解析：依据下文挚友的回想可知，比尔四周人的都意识到他是杰出的。recognize“意识到”。答案：D20．A.ever B．neverC．seldom D．always解析：他绝不是那种在团队中无足轻重的孩子。never“从不，绝不”。答案：B21．A.for B．onC．among D．against解析：参见上题解析。故选B。答案：B22．A.smarter B．olderC．stronger D．braver解析：依据上文的“hewasexceptional”和下文的“whenhewasnineortenyearsold，hetalkedlikea(n)__23__andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofusunderstood”可知，此处指的是比尔比其他人要聪慧。smart“聪慧的”。答案：A23．A.child B．teacherC．adult D．man解析：依据下文的“andcouldexpresshimselfinwaysthatnoneofusunderstood”可知，比尔说起话来像个大人，他的挚友们不能理解。adult“成年人”。答案：C24．A.backoff B．farfromC．aheadof D．morethan解析：依据上文他比同龄人聪慧可知，他在数学和科学上也领先他的同学们。aheadof“领先”。答案：C25．A.defeated B．challengedC．entertained D．monitored解析：依据上文内容可知，比尔是个杰出的孩子，所以须要去一所激发他实力的学校。challenge“考验(实力和技巧)，激发”。答案：B26．A.exceptional B．richC．ordinary D．special解析：依据其次段的第一句“PeoplearoundBill__19__thathewasexceptional”可知，这所学校招收杰出的男学生。exceptional“杰出的”。答案：A27．A.friends B．valuesC．careers D．interests解析：依据下文的“ItwastheidealenvironmentforsomeonelikeBillGates”可知，这所学校让孩子们追求自己的爱好。interest“爱好”。答案：D28．A.looked B．openedC．prided D．tricked解析：依据语境可知，该学校以帮助孩子充分发挥他们的潜能为傲慢。pride“以……为傲慢”。答案：C29．A.deep B．sacredC．full D．rich解析：参见上题解析。full“充分的”。答案：C30．A.logical B．toughC．imaginary D．perfect解析：依据下文可知，800分应是很好的得分。perfect“极好的，优秀的”。答案：D31．A.test B．lessonC．task D．measure解析：依据上文可知，为了取得这样的成果，比尔不得不参与不止一次的测试。test“测试”。答案：A32．A.time B．fundsC．help D．grades解析：依据上文的“Computertimewasexpensive”及下文所述他开办公司的缘由可知，本句是讲他迫切须要更多的上机时间。答案：A33．A.to B．ofC．from D．behind解析：依据下文的“hedecidedto__35__acompany”可知，他开办公司的其次个缘由是他领悟到他在经济上会有所收益。haveanunderstandingof“理解，领悟”。答案：B34．A.psychologically B．financiallyC．wisely D．universally解析：参见上题解析。financially“经济上”。答案：B35．A.pickup B．takeupC．sendup D．setup解析：依据语境可知，此处指比尔确定开办公司。setup“开办”。答案：D其次节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。DragonHeads­raisingDay，36.________fallseachyearontheseconddayofthesecondlunarmonth，isoneoftheChinesetraditionalfestivalsastheproverbgoes：“Thedragonisawake，37.________(raise)hishead.”Onthisday，dragons，aprominenttotem(图腾)inChineseculture，raise38.________(they)headswiththesoundofthunder.Aroundthistime，theearth39.________(burst)withlife—grassandtreesarebeginningtoshootup.InancientChina，people40.________(pray)thedragongodbesideariveroralakeforthepreciousspringraintobreedtheircrops.41．________(tradition)，foodeatenonthisdaywasrenamedafterpartsofthedragon.Forinstance，wontonswerecalled“dragons'eyes”．Thespecial42.________(food)usuallyeatenonthisdayincludedragons'scales，popcornandpigs'heads.InShanxi，peoplegettheirhair43.________(cut)inasymbolicmovetoremovetheoldandembracethenew.In44.________countrysideinHebeiProvince，peoplewouldfetchwaterfromawellatdawn.Itwasbelieved45.________onthisdaythewellwasfullofdragoneggswhichwouldbringthecollectorsagoodharvest.【语篇解读】本文主要讲解并描述了中国的传统节日“龙抬头”。36．解析：非限制性定语从句的先行词是DragonHeads­raisingDay，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导从句。答案：which37．解析：Thedragon和raise之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。答案：raising38．解析：修饰名词heads，故用形容词性物主代词。答案：their39．解析：依据aroundthistime“正在这时”可知，句子要用现在进行时态，故用isbursting。答案：isbursting40．解析：依据InancientChina可知，句子用一般过去时态，也可表示“过去总是……”，故用prayed或wouldpray。答案：prayed/wouldpray41．解析：修饰后面的句子，故用副词形式Traditionally。答案：Traditionally42．解析：依据语境可知，食物有很多，故food要用复数形式。答案：foods43．解析：getsthdone意为“请别人做某事”。hair和get之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式cut。答案：cut44．解析：表示“在农村；在乡下”要用inthecountryside。答案：the45．解析：分析句子成分可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的句子。从句中不缺少成分，因此要用that。答案：that第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，常常帮助你学习英语的挚友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：(1)表示感谢；(2)回顾Alex对你的帮助；(3)临别祝福。留意：(1)词数80左右；(2)可适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：DearAlex，I'velearnedthatyouareleavingforyourowncountrysoon.AtthismomentIwanttoexpressmysincerethankstoyouforyouhelp.You'vebeenhelpingmestudyEnglishandwithyourhelp，IwonthefirstprizeinanEnglishcontestandmyoralEnglishhasalsoimprovedalot.Moreover，yourencouragementmadememoreconfidentaboutmyself.Butforyourhelp，Icouldn'thavemadesomuchprogress.Wordscan'tdescribehowthankfulIam.Wishyouapleasantjourneyhome.Yours，LiHua其次节概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，依据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman，authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids，says，“We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise，parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence，when，infact，itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand，whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere，makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still，don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand