仁爱版中考英语四轮总复习课时08.宾语从句及定语从句(学生版+解析)

课时08.宾语从句及定语从句宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。重点语法：宾语从句：三要素：连接词/时态/语序Eg:MissZhusaidthatshewashandsome.连接词：that：起连接作用，无义，可省if/whether:“是否”（只用whether：ornot/不定式前/介词后）特殊疑问词：连接代词：who;whom;whose;what;which连接副词：when;where;why;howEg:Hesays(that)hewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heasksif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heaskswhenhewillcometomorrow.时态：记忆口诀：主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理不变,委婉语气不限。主过从过：从句时态：一般现在时→一般过去时(do/does→did)一般过去时→过去完成时(did→haddone)一般将来时→过去将来时(willdo→woulddo)现在进行时→过去进行时(am/is/aredoing→was/weredoing)现在完成时→过去进行时(have/hasdone→haddone)小试牛刀：Hetellsmehe____________(do)exerciseeveryday.Hesayshisfather______________(come)backtomorrow.Heaskedifhe________________(watch)TVeveryweek.Hesaidthathe_________________(come)backyesterday.Tomaskedwhenhismother_____________(go)Beijingtomorrow.TheteachertoldustheEarth_____________(turn)aroundtheSun.Couldyoutellmeifhe_______________(go)swimmingyesterday.WouldyoutellmehowI_______________(canlearn)Englishwell.语序：陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他Eg：Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.注：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Idon’tknowwhat’swrong.Idon’tknowwhat’sup.(语序不变)考点1引导词连接词连接词的作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们打算干什么。when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词在从句中作状语Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?你能告诉我你来自哪儿吗?Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗?if/whether(是否)不作句子成分,但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissGaowasateacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。1.Heseemstohavelearntaboutthebadnews.(改为同义句)Itseemsaboutthebadnews.

2.Whoistheman?Couldyoutellme?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思)Couldyoutellme?

考点2时态(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthecompetition.他告诉我他将会参加比赛。(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:Hetoldmethattheearthisround.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。1.Theteachertoldus,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”(改为间接引语)Theteachertoldusmuchfasterthansound.

考点3语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?=DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?1.Mr.LeeaskedTom,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”(改为间接引语)Mr.LeeaskedTom.

考点4否定转移在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.我认为他不会和你一起来。1.IthinkDaniel’sfinishedhishomework.(改为否定句)IDanielfinishedhishomework.

考点5简化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等,从句由疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步该做什么。(3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如:Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信汤姆所说的话。1.Wehaven’tdecidedifwewillgotoHainanIslandforaholiday.(改为同义句)Wehaven’tdecidedtoHainanIslandforaholiday.

随堂练习一考点1宾语从句1.(2021福建,35)—Doyouknow?

—Sure.OnMay15th.A.whereChina’sTianwen-1probelandedB.howChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMarsC.whenChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMars2.(2020福建,35)—Couldyoutellme?

—Throwingoffpoverty(脱贫).A.whopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearB.whatpeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearC.whichdopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyear3.(2019福建,35)Wedon’tknow,butittellsustheimportanceoffriendship.

A.whatthestoryisaboutB.whetherthestoryistrueC.whendidthestorytakeplace4.(2018福建,35)—KarlMarxisagreatthinker.Doyouknow?

—In1818.A.wherehewasfromB.whenhewasbornC.howhelearnedforeignlanguages5.(2017福建,35)—Michael,couldyoutellme?

—I’dliketojointhedancingclub.A.whyyoulikethedancingclubB.whichclubyouaregoingtojoinC.whetherthereareanyclubsinyourschool6.(2021福州一模,35)Jackdoesn’twanttogotothepartybyhimself,buthehasnoidea.

A.whatelseshouldhedoB.wherehecanhostthepartyC.whowouldliketogowithhim7.(2021龙岩一模,35)—Doyouknow?

—InFuzhou.A.wherethe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldB.whenthe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldC.whythe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheld8.(2021厦门一模,34)—Ifoundthesenotebooks.Doyouknow?

—Oh,thehandwritingisniceandclear.TheymightbeMike’s.A.whotheybelongtoB.whytheyarepopularC.whattheyareusedfor9.(2021莆田一模,35)—David,couldyoutellme?

—Sure.It’saprojectinAlipaythatcanhelpplantrealtreesindryareas.A.whattheAntForestisB.whentheAntForestbeganC.whodevelopedtheAntForest10.(2021泉州一模,35)It’sreportedthatanewkindofschooluniformscantellparents.Sothechildrencanbefoundeasily.

A.wherearetheirchildrenB.wheredotheirchildrenstudyC.wheretheirchildrenare定语从句定语从句是中考考的重点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：①正确使用关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)②介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句③that不能引导非限制性定语从句考点1概念Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行词主语谓语宾语

1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一个完整的句子)我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isaverybeautifulcity.↓eq\x(代指Beijing，在从句中作主语)考点2正确使用关系词1.关系代词关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。【名师指津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。2．关系副词关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词先行词句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)时间时间状语where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地点地点状语why(＝forwhich)原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所学校离这里有3千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。【名师指津】先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。考点3只能用that及省略(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?随堂练习1.(2021福建,34)WeallmissWuMengchaosavedthousandsoflivesinhismedicalwork.

A.whichB.whatC.who2.(2020福建,34)DuFuisagreatChinesepoethasbecomepopularwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.

A.whichB.whomC.who3.(2019福建,33)DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.

A.whoB.whichC.what4.(2018福建,34)YuanLongpingisaChinesericescientistisleadingresearchtodevelop“searice”.

A.whoB.whichC.whom5.(2017福建,34)—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReaders,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogrammebringsthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.

A.whoB.thatC.what6.(2021福州一模,33)Mr.Fosterhasjustfinishedwritinganarticleisaboutdevelopingreadingskills.

A.whoB.whoseC.which7.(2021龙岩一模,34)ZhangGuimeiisaheroicwomanhasspentover40yearshelpingpoorgirlsgeteducation.

A.whoB.whomC.which8.(2021厦门一模,33)GuAilingisayoungChinesesportsstarwonfirstprizeinthe2021WinterXGames.

A.whereB.whichC.who9.(2021莆田一模,34)Wewillneverforgettheheroeshavemadelargecontributionstoourcountry.

A.whomB.thatC.which10.(2021泉州一模,32)—HaveyoureadthenovelisnamedLittlePrince?

—Notyet.ButI’llreadittomorrow.A.whoB.whatC.which课时08.宾语从句及定语从句宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。重点语法：宾语从句：三要素：连接词/时态/语序Eg:MissZhusaidthatshewashandsome.连接词：that：起连接作用，无义，可省if/whether:“是否”（只用whether：ornot/不定式前/介词后）特殊疑问词：连接代词：who;whom;whose;what;which连接副词：when;where;why;howEg:Hesays(that)hewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heasksif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Eg:Heaskswhenhewillcometomorrow.时态：记忆口诀：主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理不变,委婉语气不限。主过从过：从句时态：一般现在时→一般过去时(do/does→did)一般过去时→过去完成时(did→haddone)一般将来时→过去将来时(willdo→woulddo)现在进行时→过去进行时(am/is/aredoing→was/weredoing)现在完成时→过去进行时(have/hasdone→haddone)小试牛刀：Hetellsmehe____________(do)exerciseeveryday.Hesayshisfather______________(come)backtomorrow.Heaskedifhe________________(watch)TVeveryweek.Hesaidthathe_________________(come)backyesterday.Tomaskedwhenhismother_____________(go)Beijingtomorrow.TheteachertoldustheEarth_____________(turn)aroundtheSun.Couldyoutellmeifhe_______________(go)swimmingyesterday.WouldyoutellmehowI_______________(canlearn)Englishwell.语序：陈述语序：主句+连接词+主语+谓语+其他Eg：Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.注：Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Idon’tknowwhat’swrong.Idon’tknowwhat’sup.(语序不变)考点1引导词连接词连接词的作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语中可省略Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们打算干什么。when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词在从句中作状语Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?你能告诉我你来自哪儿吗?Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他们是怎么找到那个地方的吗?if/whether(是否)不作句子成分,但不能省略HeaskedmeifMissGaowasateacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。1.Heseemstohavelearntaboutthebadnews.(改为同义句)Itseemsaboutthebadnews.

2.Whoistheman?Couldyoutellme?(合并为一个句子并且不改变意思)Couldyoutellme?

【答案】1.thathehaslearnt2.whothemanis考点2时态(1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。(2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthecompetition.他告诉我他将会参加比赛。(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:Hetoldmethattheearthisround.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。1.Theteachertoldus,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”(改为间接引语)Theteachertoldusmuchfasterthansound.

【答案】lighttravels考点3语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?=DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗?1.Mr.LeeaskedTom,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”(改为间接引语)Mr.LeeaskedTom.

【答案】wherehehadbeen考点4否定转移在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.我认为他不会和你一起来。1.IthinkDaniel’sfinishedhishomework.(改为否定句)IDanielfinishedhishomework.

【答案】don’tthink，has考点5简化(1)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等,从句由疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步该做什么。(3)宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如:Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信汤姆所说的话。1.Wehaven’tdecidedifwewillgotoHainanIslandforaholiday.(改为同义句)Wehaven’tdecidedtoHainanIslandforaholiday.

【答案】whethertogo随堂练习一考点1宾语从句1.(2021福建,35)—Doyouknow?

—Sure.OnMay15th.A.whereChina’sTianwen-1probelandedB.howChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMarsC.whenChina’sTianwen-1probelandedonMars【答案】C句意:——你知道中国的“天问一号”探测器是什么时候着陆在火星的吗?——当然了,5月15日。本题考查宾语从句。根据答语推知问句询问的是时间,故选C。2.(2020福建,35)—Couldyoutellme?

—Throwingoffpoverty(脱贫).A.whopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearB.whatpeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearC.whichdopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyear【答案】B句意:——你能告诉我人们今年经常谈论什么吗?——脱贫。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序,可排除C。从答语Throwingoffpoverty.可知前一句问的是谈论的内容,引导词用what,故选B。3.(2019福建,35)Wedon’tknow,butittellsustheimportanceoffriendship.

A.whatthestoryisaboutB.whetherthestoryistrueC.whendidthestorytakeplace【答案】B句意:我们不知道这个故事是否真实,但是它告诉我们友谊的重要性。本题考查宾语从句。C项不是陈述句语序,排除,再根据语境可知选B。4.(2018福建,35)—KarlMarxisagreatthinker.Doyouknow?

—In1818.A.wherehewasfromB.whenhewasbornC.howhelearnedforeignlanguages【答案】B句意:——KarlMarx是一位伟大的思想家,你知道他什么时候出生的吗?——在1818年。本题考查宾语从句。从答语“In1818.”可知,问句应当问时间,因此宾语从句的引导词用when,故选B。5.(2017福建,35)—Michael,couldyoutellme?

—I’dliketojointhedancingclub.A.whyyoulikethedancingclubB.whichclubyouaregoingtojoinC.whetherthereareanyclubsinyourschool【答案】B句意:——迈克尔,你能告诉我你打算参加哪个俱乐部吗?——我想加入舞蹈俱乐部。本题考查宾语从句。whyyoulikethedancingclub意为“你为什么喜欢舞蹈俱乐部”;whichclubyouaregoingtojoin意为“你打算参加哪个俱乐部”;whetherthereareanyclubsinyourschool意为“你们学校是否有一些俱乐部”。根据答语可知本题选择B。6.(2021福州一模,35)Jackdoesn’twanttogotothepartybyhimself,buthehasnoidea.

A.whatelseshouldhedoB.wherehecanhostthepartyC.whowouldliketogowithhim【答案】C句意:杰克不想自己去派对,但是他不知道谁愿意跟他一起去。本题考查宾语从句。根据语境可知只有C项符合,故选C。7.(2021龙岩一模,35)—Doyouknow?

—InFuzhou.A.wherethe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldB.whenthe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheldC.whythe4thDigitalChinaSummitwasheld【答案】A句意:——你知道第四届数字中国建设峰会是在哪里举行的吗?——在福州。本题考查宾语从句。根据答句可知问句询问的是地点,引导词要用where,故选A。8.(2021厦门一模,34)—Ifoundthesenotebooks.Doyouknow?

—Oh,thehandwritingisniceandclear.TheymightbeMike’s.A.whotheybelongtoB.whytheyarepopularC.whattheyareusedfor【答案】A句意:——我找到了这些笔记本。你知道它们属于谁吗?——噢,字迹漂亮清晰。它们可能是迈克的。本题考查宾语从句。根据语境可知说话人在讨论笔记本的归属,故选A。9.(2021莆田一模,35)—David,couldyoutellme?

—Sure.It’saprojectinAlipaythatcanhelpplantrealtreesindryareas.A.whattheAntForestisB.whentheAntForestbeganC.whodevelopedtheAntForest【答案】A句意:——戴维,你能告诉我蚂蚁森林是什么吗?——当然了。它是支付宝的一个项目,帮助在干旱地区种树。本题考查宾语从句。答句是对蚂蚁森林这个名词的解释,故选A。10.(2021泉州一模,35)It’sreportedthatanewkindofschooluniformscantellparents.Sothechildrencanbefoundeasily.

A.wherearetheirchildrenB.wheredotheirchildrenstudyC.wheretheirchildrenare【答案】C句意:据报道,一款新校服可以告诉父母他们的孩子在哪里。所以孩子们就能被轻易找到。本题考查宾语从句。根据上下文可知校服的好处是可以让父母知道孩子在哪里,故选C。定语从句定语从句是中考考的重点，备考焦点主要集中在以下几个方面：①正确使用关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)②介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句③that不能引导非限制性定语从句考点1概念Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行词主语谓语宾语

1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词、短语或句子叫先行词。Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.(一个词)这是值得参观的地方。Manylife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers，friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.(一个短语)许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题是现在的大家庭无力解决的。Itookanoldmantohospitalinataxiimmediately，whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.(一个完整的句子)我乘出租车立即把一个老人送到了医院，这就是那天早上我迟到的原因。2．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中作句子成分。Beijing，whichisthecapitalcityofChina，isaverybeautifulcity.↓eq\x(代指Beijing，在从句中作主语)考点2正确使用关系词1.关系代词关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语Doyouknowthemanthat/whomMr.Whiteintroducedjustnow?怀特先生刚才介绍的那个人你认识吗？Ourmonitoristheboywhosefatherisalawyer.我们的班长是父亲做律师的那个男孩。【名师指津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tomisoneoftheengineerswhoaresentabroad.汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。2．关系副词关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词先行词句法功能when(＝in/at/on/...＋which)时间时间状语where(＝in/at/on/...＋which)地点地点状语why(＝forwhich)原因原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)Thetimewhen(atwhich)IfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.第一次见纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常困难的时期。Theschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometresaway.那所学校离这里有3千米远，我仅在那里读过两年书。Therearevariousreasons(forwhich)whypeoplewritepoetry.人们写诗有各种各样的理由。【名师指津】先行词为抽象地点的名词(situation，case，stage，point，activity等)，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时则用关系代词which/that。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。考点3只能用that及省略(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。②当先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.这是我能找到的唯一一本书。③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?(2)关系代词的省略一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkin