2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit6Earthfirst第2课时Usinglanguage学案含解析外研版必修第二册

PAGEUnit6Earthfirst其次课时UsinglanguageⅠ.词汇初探1．droughtn．干旱2．oceann.海洋，大海3．highlightv.使……突出；使留意力集中于4．staffn.员工5．damagen．&v.损失；损害6．floodn.洪水7．supplyn.煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统)8．restorev.使复原9．brochuren.小册子10．releasev.释放；排放11．smogn．烟雾，雾霾12．severeadj.很严峻的13．lecturen．讲座，讲课14．devotev.致力；献身；用心于→devotionn.献身；酷爱；用心→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的15．crueltyn.残忍；残酷→crueladj.残忍的16．presentationn.报告；说明→presentv.提出；呈现17．establishv.建立；设立→establishmentn.建立18．affectv.影响；感动；侵袭→effectn.作用；影响→affectionn.宠爱；钟爱19．adoptv.接受；接受；收养→adoptionn.收养；实行→adoptedadj.收养的；领养的20．reducev.削减；降低→reductionn.削减；减价21．fogn.雾→foggyadj.有雾的；模糊的22．infectionn．感染；传染病→infectvt.感染；传染23．permitvt.&vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照→permissionnⅡ.短语互译1．aim_at瞄准2．get_involved_in参加；涉及，卷入3．keep...fromdoing阻挡……做4．without_permission未经许可5．be_reduced_by削减了6．replace...with...用……取代……7．haveanimpacton对……有影响8．befrightenedof胆怯 ……Ⅲ.经典句式1．We'vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges,whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.我们也看到了这些改变造成的干旱和洪水，影响了下游的供水。2．Ourjobistoprotectandrestorethenaturalenvironment.我们的工作是爱护和复原自然环境。3．Thelessenergyyouuse,thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.你运用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。Ⅳ.语法初探用所给词的适当形式填空1．Ifounditdifficultto_explain(explain)tohimwhathadhappened.2．Withtheproblemsolved(solve)，thequalityhasbeenimproved.3．Whenhewokeup，hefoundhimselflying(lie)inhospital.4．InpartsofAsiayoumustn'tsitwithyourfeetpointing(point)atanotherperson.5．Whereverwego，wewillseethiskindofproductsadvertised(advertise)．1eq\a\vs4\al(devotev.献身；用心于)[教材原句]Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted/devotingtooceanconservation.(P65)现在，她是一位致力于海洋爱护的模特和表演艺术家。[归纳拓展](1)devoteoneselfto献身于……；致力于……devote...to...奉献于……；专注于……(2)devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto...用心于……；奉献于……(3)devotionn.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚[名师点津]在短语devote...to...中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：lookforwardto期盼getdownto起先着手be/get/become/growused/accustomedto习惯于leadto导致payattentionto留意objectto反对[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefully_devoted_toyourwork.除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你恒久不会获得胜利。②Devoted(devote)tohercareer,shewonagoodreputation.③Hecontinuedtoworkthereforalmost50years,devoting(devote)hislifetohisresearchwork.④Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelping(help)othersrebuild.⑤Herdevotion(devote)toherjobisworthpraising.2eq\a\vs4\al(containvt.包含；容纳；容忍；抑制感情等)[教材原句]Mostimportantly，itcontainstheheadwatersoftheYellowRiver，theChangjiangRiverandLancangRiver.(P65)最重要的是，这里有黄河、长江和澜沧江的源头。[归纳拓展](1)containoneself克制自己(2)containern.容器[易混辨析]contain指某物被装在比其更大的东西内，或指某物含有某种成分或其他物质。include指某物为整体的一部分或要素，意为“算在内，列在里面，包括”。include还常用其介词和过去分词短语作插入语，起补充说明作用，而contain无此用法。[即时巩固]用contain或include的适当形式填空/完成句子①Howmuchwaterdoesthisbottlecontain?②Atleast40peoplegothurt,including5children.③Thiskindoffruitcontainsalargeamountofvitamin,includingvitaminC.④Yourdutyincludesanswering(answer)thetelephone.⑤IwassoangrythatIjustcouldn't_contain_myself.我生气极了，简直无法克制自己。3eq\a\vs4\al(damagen.&v.损失；损害)[教材原句]Inrecentyears,wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlandthatweredamagedbyhumanactivity.(P65)近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。[归纳拓展]do/causedamageto给……带来/造成损坏bebadlydamaged遭遇严峻损害damageone'shealth损害某人的健康[即时巩固]完成句子①Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewilldo/cause_damage_toyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。②Smokingcandamage_your_health.吸烟有害健康。4eq\a\vs4\al(affectv.影响；感动；侵袭)[教材原句]We'vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges，whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.(P65)我们也看到了这些改变造成的干旱和洪水，影响了下游的供水。[归纳拓展](1)begreatly/deeplyaffectedby被……深深打动beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/着凉beaffectedwithahighfever发高烧(2)effectn.作用；影响haveaneffecton对……产生影响(3)affectionn.宠爱；感情；影响；感染[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Hisspeechaffected_the_audiencedeeply.他的演说深深地打动了听众。②Theweight­losspillhasastrongsideeffectonpeople'shearts.③Affected(affect)withhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.5eq\a\vs4\al(adoptv.收养；领养；接受；接受)[教材原句]Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadoptingnew，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.(P65)这包括保持原始环境不被触碰，以及接受新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。[归纳拓展](1)adoptone'ssuggestion/advice接受某人的建议adoptsb.as收养某人为……adopta(n)approach/policy/attitude...接受某种方法/政策/看法……(2)adoptedadj.领养的adoptionn.接受；收养[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Shetreatedheradopted(adopt)sonasifhewereherownchild.②Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebe_adopted(adopt)camefromthechairman.③Ifyoucannothavechildrenofyourown,whynotconsideradoption(adopt)?6eq\a\vs4\al(reducev.削减；缩减)[教材原句]Reducewastebychoosingreusableproducts.(P66)通过选择可重复运用的产品来削减奢侈。[归纳拓展](1)reduce...to...把……削减到……reduce...by...把……削减了……bereducedto...沦落为……，陷入某种状态(2)reductionn.削减；减价makeareduction减价[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Sheisonadietto_reduce_some_weight.她正在节食以减轻体重。②Thewholetownwas_reduced_toashesinthebombing.轰炸将整个城镇变成一片废墟。③Shetakesexerciseeveryday,andshehasreducedherweightto50kilos.④Thoughthepriceofthehousehasbeenreducedby10%,wecan'tafforditeither.⑤Wecanmakeareduction(reduce)ifyoubuyinbulk.7eq\a\vs4\al(permissionn.允许；许可)[教材原句]Apoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone.(P67)礼貌的打断通常是指恳求允许打断某人。[归纳拓展](1)askforsb.'spermission恳求某人的许可withoutpermission未经允许/许可givesb.permissiontodosth.允许某人做某事(2)permitvt.允许；许可n.许可；执照；许可证permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事permitdoingsth.允许做某事sth.permitting...……许可的话(独立主格)[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Ifyouwanttoleavetheclassroom,youshouldask_for_the_teacher's_permission.假如你要离开教室，应当恳求老师的许可。②Passengersarepermittedto_carry(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.③Thebirthdaypartywillbeheldinthegarden,weatherpermitting(permit)．④Noreferencebooksaretobetakenoutofthereadingroomwithoutpermission(permit)．⑤Theschooldoesn'tpermitstaying(stay)uptoolateatnight.1eq\a\vs4\al(aimat瞄准)[教材原句]SheappearedinTheCove，adocumentaryaimingathighlightingthecrueltyofdolphinhunting.(P65)她出演了一部纪录片《海豚湾》，旨在突出捕猎海豚的残酷性。[归纳拓展](1)aim...at...用……瞄准/对准……aimtodosth.＝aimatdoingsth.旨在做某事，准备做某事beaimedat目的是；旨在(2)withtheaimof...为了……withoutaim无目的地achieveone'saim达到目的；实现目标takeaimat瞄准(3)aimlesslyadv.漫无目的地[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①ShewenttoLondonwith_the_aim_offindingajob.她去伦敦是为了找工作。②Thevisitwasaimed_atexpandingrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.这次访问的目的是发展两国关系。③Heworkedhard,aiming(aim)atbecomingadoctor.④Thepolicefoundtheboywanderingaimlessly(aim)inthestreet,notknowingwheretogo.2keep...from阻挡，制止[教材原句]Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadoptingnew，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.(P65)这包括保持原始环境不被触碰，以及接受新的、可持续的饲养农场动物的方法。[归纳拓展]prevent/stop/keep...fromdoingsth.阻挡……做某事protect...from爱护……不受……的侵袭；拦住；防卫keep...doingsth.使……始终做某事[名师点津]prevent/keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.的主动式中，只有keep后面的from不能省略，而在被动式中三个短语的from都不能省略。[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①I'msorrytokeep_you_waitingforsolong.对不起，让你久等了。②Wemustkeepthemfromgettingtoknowourplans.③Everypossiblemeansshouldbetakentopreventtheriverfrombeing_polluted(pollute)．eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Thelessenergyyouuse，thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.P66,你运用的能源越少，释放的二氧化碳就越少。)[句式分析]本句为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”句式，意为“越……就越……”。[归纳拓展](1)“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，前一部分为表示条件的状语从句，后一部分为主句。(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”。[即时巩固]完成句子①The_sooner,_thebetter.越快越好。②The_longeryouhavetowaitforsomething,themoreyouwillappreciateitwhenitfinallyarrives.你等待的时间越长，你就会越珍惜它的到来。③The_more_carefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越当心，你犯的错就会越少。动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作宾语补足语1．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.我抬头留意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕获它的早餐。Nobodysawhimcomein.没人望见他进来。Hefelthisfacelostbeforehisfriends.他觉得在挚友面前丢面子了。2．使役动词make,let,have,get后接复合宾语的状况：①make＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑,上的主动关系,done让……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑,上的被动关系))Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。Hetriedtomakehimselfunderstood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清晰了。②let＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑,上的主动关系,bedone让……被做宾语与宾补为逻,辑上的被动关系))Don'tletyourchildplaywithmatches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。③have＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.让……做某事,doingsth.使……持续,做某事))⇒\a\vs4\al(宾语与宾补,为逻辑上的,主动关系),done使……被做⇒\a\vs4\al(宾语与宾补为逻,辑上的被动关系)))Hehadthefireburningallthenight.他让火燃烧了一夜。Hehadhiswalletstolenonhiswayhome.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。[名师点津]havesb.doingsth.用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。Iwon'thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.我不能容忍你那样跟你爸爸说话。④get＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.使……做,doingsth.使……做))⇒\a\vs4\al(宾语与宾补为逻,辑上的主动关系),done使……被做⇒\a\vs4\al(宾语与宾补为逻,辑上的被动关系)))Shegotherbikerunningveryfast.她骑自行车骑得飞速。I'llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。3．动词leave,keep,find,catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的状况：①leave＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doingsth.让某人/物始终处于某,种状态宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑,上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行,sth.undone留下某事未做宾语与宾语补,足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，表示被,动和完成，一般以undone，unfinished，,unsettled，untouched为多,\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.todosth.让某人去做某事,sth.tobedone留下某事要做))\a\vs4\al(动词不定,式表示将,来的动作)))②keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing使某人/物始终做,sb./sth.done使某人/物被做表示,被动且完成，或表示状态))③findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.doing发觉某人正在做,sb./sth.done发觉某人/物已经……表示完,成或状态,sb./sth.tobe...发觉某人/物……))④catchsb.doingsth.撞见某人正在做某事Thepolicecaughthimstealingthecaronthespot.警察当场撞见他在偷汽车。Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.我们匆忙忙忙地结束了会议，留下了许多问题等待解决。Youshouldkeepmeinformedofhiswhereabouts.你应当让我了解他的行踪。[即时巩固]用所给词的适当形式填空①Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.②Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowing(follow)them.③Listen！Doyouhearsomeonecalling(call)forhelp?④Ashespoke，heobservedeverybodylooking_at(lookat)himcuriously.⑤Youwon'tcatchmedoing(do)thatagain.⑥Youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard(hear)．⑦Pleasegettheworkdone(do)assoonaspossible.⑧Idon'twantanybadwordssaid(say)abouthimbehindhisback.⑨Withwaterheated(heat)，wecanseethesteam.⑩Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselveslost(lose)forwords.Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Ifyouhaveajob,devote(献身)yourselftoitandfinallyyou'llsucceed.2．Earthquakesaredangerousanddestructive,becausetheybringgreatdamage(损害)anddisasterstopeople.3．Althoughsmokingaffects(影响)people'shealth,Chinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhoaresmoking.