【MOOC】Green Chemistry-四川大学 中国大学慕课MOOC答案

【MOOC】GreenChemistry-四川大学中国大学慕课MOOC答案ReviewQuestion1、【单选题】WhatdayistheInternationalOzoneProtectionDay?本题答案：【September16th】2、【单选题】What'stheinfluenceofNuclearWinteronclimate?本题答案：【DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.】ReviewQuestion1、【多选题】Whatarethetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingstatements?本题答案：【Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)#Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;Acidrain】1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblemsReviewQuestion1、【判断题】Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.本题答案：【正确】2、【判断题】Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.本题答案：【错误】2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework13rdWeek.Chapter2Homework2ReviewQueation1、【多选题】Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:本题答案：【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】4thWeek.Chapter2Homework35thWeek.Chapter2Homework46thWeek.Chapter2Homework56thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1、【多选题】OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?本题答案：【Kitchengarbage#Wastecookingoil#Agriculturalwastes#Microalgae】2、【多选题】Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:本题答案：【Hydrolysis#Deoxygenation#Hydrogenation】3、【多选题】Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:本题答案：【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat#Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling#Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture#Separationenergyrequirement】4、【多选题】Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?本题答案：【Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandhaze#Acidrain#Globalwarming】5、【多选题】Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:本题答案：【Sonic#Microwaves#Solarenergy#Photoandotherradiation】6、【多选题】Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:本题答案：【Thepresenceofparallelreaction#Lowequilibriumconversion#Lowproductstereoselectivity】7、【多选题】Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:本题答案：【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】8、【判断题】Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.本题答案：【错误】9、【判断题】Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要条件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.本题答案：【正确】11、【判断题】Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.本题答案：【错误】12、【判断题】Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.本题答案：【正确】13、【判断题】Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.本题答案：【正确】14、【判断题】Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.本题答案：【错误】15、【判断题】Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.本题答案：【正确】7thWeek.Chapter3Homework18thWeek.Chapter3Homework29thWeek.Chapter3Homework310thWeek.Chapter3Homework410thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1、【多选题】Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(预防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.本题答案：【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)#Toavoiddirecttoxicity#Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】2、【多选题】Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:本题答案：【Volatility(挥发性)ormeltingpoint#Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability#Watersolubility#Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】3、【多选题】Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare本题答案：【Exposure#Bio-availability#Intrinsictoxicity】4、【多选题】WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:本题答案：【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)#Watersolubility#Dissolutionconstant#Relativemolecularweight】5、【多选题】Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:本题答案：【Absorption#Distribution】6、【多选题】Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?本题答案：【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody#Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】7、【多选题】Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?本题答案：【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs#Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】8、【判断题】Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP5.本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.本题答案：【错误】11、【判断题】ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.本题答案：【错误】12、【判断题】Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.本题答案：【正确】13、【判断题】Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.本题答案：【正确】14、【判断题】Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.本题答案：【错误】15、【判断题】Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.本题答案：【错误】ReviewQuestion1、【多选题】Whichofthemolecularfeaturescangenerallyincreaseresistancetoaerobicbiodegradation?本题答案：【Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorine#Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompounds#Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bonds#Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues】11thWeek.Chapter4Homework1ReviewQuestion1、【多选题】PleasechoosetheotherphysicochemicalpropertiesrelatedtothetoxicityofchemicalstoaquaticspeciesexceptforlogP.本题答案：【Watersolubility#Molecularsizeandweight#Ionpairandzwitterions#Chelation】2、【判断题】Theupdateofthechemicalswithmolecularweight≤1000Daltonswillbenegligible,becausethechemicalwillnotdiffuseacrosstherespiratorymembranes(呼吸膜)ofaquaticorganisms.本题答案：【错误】12thWeekChapter4Homework213thWeekChapter4Homework313thWeekChapter4Unittest1、【多选题】Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:本题答案：【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis#Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】2、【多选题】Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:本题答案：【Rateofsolubilization#Microbialbioavailability】3、【多选题】Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金属化酸性染料).本题答案：【Al,Cr,orCo#Al,Cr,orZn#Cr,Co,orZn】4、【多选题】Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:本题答案：【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings#Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】5、【多选题】FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:本题答案：【PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryN#ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6、【多选题】Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:本题答案：【Cationicsurfactants#Anionicsurfactants#Neutralsurfactants#Amphotericsurfactants】7、【多选题】Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:本题答案：【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)#Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】8、【判断题】Muscarinicantagonistis(蝇覃碱拮抗剂)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.本题答案：【正确】9、【判断题】Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.本题答案：【正确】11、【判断题】DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有机氯杀虫剂),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.本题答案：【正确】12、【判断题】Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.本题答案：【错误】13、【判断题】IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythanthemoleculeB.本题答案：【错误】14、【判断题】Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.本题答案：【错误】15、【判断题】TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.本题答案：【正确】14thWeekChapter5Homework116thWeekChapter5Homework316thWeekChapter5-Unittest1、【多选题】Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?本题答案：【Water#SupercriticalCO2#Deepeutectics(低共熔溶剂)】2、【多选题】WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:本题答案：【H2O2#Latticeoxygen#N2O#O2】3、【多选题】Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:本题答案：【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct#Promotethechemicalprocesses#Reduceenvironmentalpollutions#Activatenewstartingmaterials】4、【多选题】Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:本题答案：【Woodywastes#Microalgae】5、【多选题】Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?本题答案：【Membranereactor#StaticMixers#Microreactors】6、【多选题】Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油炼制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,somegreenoxidantscouldbeusedinchemicalsynthesis.Thesegreenoxidantsinclude:本题答案：【O3#N2O#latticeoxygen】7、【多选题】Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,therebyleadingtopotentialharmfulnessto