【MOOC】Explore the Materials-From an Atom to a Device（走进材料-从原子到器件）-北京航空航天大学 中国大学慕课MOOC答案

【MOOC】ExploretheMaterials——FromanAtomtoaDevice（走进材料——从原子到器件）-北京航空航天大学中国大学慕课MOOC答案第一章测验1、【单选题】Thebasicunitofmaterialsis_____,whichcanbonddirectlytogethertoformmaterials,orconvertintoions,orassembleintomolecules.本题答案：【atom】2、【单选题】Crystallinestructureisadescriptionoftheorderedarrangementofatoms,ionsormoleculesinacrystallinematerial.Weoftenuse____toillustratethe3Dstructure,whichisanarrayof'smallboxes'infinitelyrepeatinginthreespatialdirections.本题答案：【crystallattice】3、【单选题】Atomscouldbebondedindifferentpatterns,wecallthemchemicalbonds.Thethreemaintypesofchemicalbondsaremetallic,ionicand______bonds.本题答案：【covalent】4、【单选题】Accordingtothedominantmaterialusedbyhumanbeing,theearlydevelopmentofmankindcanbenamedastheStoneAge,theCopperage,theBronzeAgeandthe_____age.本题答案：【Iron】5、【多选题】Accordingtochemicalcomposition,materialsareusuallyclassifiedasmetals,__________,polymersand_________.本题答案：【ceramics#composites】6、【判断题】Atomsaremadefromevensmallerparticles.TheyareProtons,NeutronsandElectrons.本题答案：【正确】7、【填空题】Thesequenceofdifferentscalesismacro,mini,meso,______,nanoandatomic.本题答案：【micro】第二章测验1、【单选题】Metallicmaterialsaremostly______innature.本题答案：【crystalline】2、【单选题】Basedonthe3-dimensionalconfigurationsofatomsincrystals,allthecrystallatticestructurescanbeclassifiedas_______crystalsystemsand______Bravaislatticesystem.本题答案：【seven,fourteen】3、【单选题】Asindicatedinfollowingfigure,thecrystalplaneinthecubiccellcouldbewrittenas_____.本题答案：【(110)】4、【单选题】Steelisactuallyanalloyof_____and_____.本题答案：【iron,carbon】5、【单选题】Whichoneisnotthetypicalpropertyofmetallicmaterials?本题答案：【brittle】6、【多选题】Becauseofthestrongbonding,metallicmaterialsusuallyhavehighpackingdensity.Typicallatticestructuresofmetalsinclude_____,_____and_____structure.本题答案：【body-centeredcubic#face-centeredcubic#hexagonalclose-pacedstructure】7、【判断题】Analloyphasediagramisagraphicalrepresentationtoshowtherelationshipsbetweenthevariousphasesthatappearwithinthesystemunderequilibriumconditions.Inaphasediagram,usuallycompositionisplottedonthex-axisandpressureisplottedonthey-axis.本题答案：【错误】第三章测验1、【单选题】Themajorityofmetalhasatendencytochangeinto______gradually,exceptseveralnoblemetals,duetotheexposuretotheenvironment.本题答案：【metalliccompounds】2、【单选题】Amongvarioustypesofcorrosions,_______corrosionisthemostcommonone.本题答案：【electrochemical】3、【单选题】Alfoilscouldkeepshining,insteadofcorrosion.It’sbecauseof____,whichformsaverythinlayerofoxidizedfilmtoinhibitAlforfurthercorrosion.本题答案：【passivation】4、【单选题】Basedontheinsertedtableofstandardelectrodepotentialsofmetals,itcouldbeinferredthat______showshighertendencytobecorrodedinaqueoussolutionat25°C.本题答案：【Zinc】5、【多选题】Inordertoreducethelossfromcorrosion,wecouldusethefollowingmethods:______.本题答案：【electrochemicalprotection#applicationofcoatings#appropriatematerialsselection#suitabledesign】6、【判断题】Thestandardelectrodepotentialofdifferentmetalsinanaqueoussolutioncouldapproximatelyshowtheirthermodynamicstability.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Thecathodicreactionisprobablyoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)whensteeliscorrodedinanacidaqueoussolution本题答案：【错误】第四章测试1、【单选题】______isnotthepropertyofinorganicnon-metallicmaterials.本题答案：【lowmeltingtemperature】2、【单选题】Whichisnotcorrect?本题答案：【Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheyaremadeofultrapurerawmaterials.】3、【多选题】______arethechemicalbondsininorganicnon-metallicmaterials.本题答案：【ionicbonds#mixedbonds】4、【多选题】Choosethegeneralpropertiesofceramicsfromthefollowing本题答案：【Hard#Wear-resistant#Oxidationresistant】5、【多选题】Whicharecorrectinthefollowingoptions?本题答案：【Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheycontaingascavity.#Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheyabsorblightsandcauselightscattering.#Theordinaryceramicisnottransparentbecausetheycontainimpurities.】6、【判断题】Theglasshavevariouscolorsbecausetheycontaindifferentmetalsorrareearthmetals.本题答案：【正确】7、【判断题】Inorganicnon-metallicmaterialshavehigherthermalconductivitythanmetals.本题答案：【错误】第五章测试1、【单选题】______isthecharacteristicunitofpolymerstructure.本题答案：【Monomer】2、【多选题】Choosethecharacteristicsofcopolymersfromthefollowingoptions.本题答案：【Havetwoormoretypesofmonomers.#Haveacomplexstructure】3、【多选题】______arethepossiblefeaturesofpolymermaterials.本题答案：【Longchain#Repeatunits#Crystalline】4、【多选题】______,______and______arethepolymermaterials.本题答案：【Starch#Protein#Leather】5、【判断题】ThecomponentsofaspeciesABinanadditionreactionareaddedtoadjacentatomsofasinglebond.本题答案：【错误】6、【判断题】CrystallizationoccursabovetheGlasstransitiontemperature(Tg)andbelowthemeltingtemperature(Tm).本题答案：【正确】第六章测验1、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingoptionsmayshowgreatercoercivity？本题答案：【Permanentmagneticmaterials】2、【单选题】Thereasonfortheresistancechangeofgiantmagnetoresistancesystemis本题答案：【Spin】3、【单选题】Whatapplicationsaresoftmagneticmaterialsmorelikelytobeusedin？本题答案：【Informationstorage】4、【单选题】Whichpropertyofelectronsisrelatedtothegiantmagnetoresistanceeffect？本题答案：【Spin】5、【单选题】Themagnetismofferromagneticmaterialsoriginatesfrom本题答案：【Magneticmoment】6、【多选题】Howtoclassifythemagneticmaterialsfromtheperspectiveofsusceptibility?本题答案：【Paramagneticmaterials#Diamagneticmaterials#Ferromagneticmaterials#Ferrimagneticmaterials#Antiferromagneticmaterials】7、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingelementsisaferromagneticelement？本题答案：【Fe#Ni#Co】8、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingoptionsmightbeusedforinformationstorage?本题答案：【Permanentmagenticdevices#Giantmagnetoresistancedevices】9、【判断题】Thecontributionfromatomicnucleustoatomicmagneticmomentcanalwaysbeignored.本题答案：【错误】第七章测验1、【单选题】Chiralobjectcanbesuperposedonitsmirrorimageby:本题答案：【Noneofthem】2、【单选题】Whattypeofthebondsaretherebetweenthegecko'stoesetaandthewallsurface?本题答案：【VanderWaalsforce】3、【单选题】Thecolorofbutterflywingsmaycomefrom本题答案：【Reflection】4、【单选题】Propertiesofmetamaterialsmaynotbechangedby本题答案：【Noneofthem】5、【单选题】Thechiraldrugsare本题答案：【uncertaintobeharmfulorbeneficial】6、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingfactorswillaffectthepropertiesofmetamaterials?本题答案：【Materialcomposition#Molecularstructure#Crystalstructure#Macrostructurecharacteristics】7、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingpropertiesmaybeaffectedbymetamaterialstructure?本题答案：【Opticalproperties#Mechanicalproperty#Electromagneticproperties#Thermalproperties】8、【多选题】Whichofthefollowingoptionshaschiralcharacteristics？本题答案：【Hurricane#Aminoacid#Protein#DNA#Spiralnebula】9、【判断题】Thereisonlyonechiralcenterinchiralmolecules.本题答案：【错误】10、【判断题】Metamaterialsdonotexistinnature。本题答案：【错误】第八章测验1、【多选题】______areadvantagesofrenewableenergy.本题答案：【canbereplenishedonahumantimescale#Nocarbondioxideemission#existoverwidegeographicalareas】2、【多选题】ThecharacteristicsofLi-ionbatteriesinclude_______.本题答案：【highenergydensity#longcyclelife#highvoltage】3、【多选题】______arereasonsforchoosingLiasanimportantbatterymaterial.本题答案：【itisthelowestreductionpotential#itisthethirdlightestelement#ithassmallestionicradius】4、【判断题】Fuelcellcanconvertchemicalenergytoelectricalenergy.本题答案：【正确】5、【判断题】Energycanbecreatedordestroyed.本题答案：【错误】6、【判断题】Renewableenergycanmatchtheclients'sneedsanytimeandanywhere,inaddition,it'sconstructionischeap.本题答案：【错误】第九章测验1、【单选题】ThethermoelectricconversionefficiencyisdeterminedbythefigureofmeritZT,______isnottheparameterwhicheffectthevalueofZT.本题答案：【current】2、【多选题】______and______arefundamentalphysicalphenomenon,theircorrespondingenergycanbeconvertedviathermoelectricmaterials.本题答案：【thermal#electric】3、【多选题】______arestrategiesfordevelopingwide-gapthermoelectrics本题答案：【reducingthermalconductivity#improvingtheconductivity#Layeredstructure】4、【多选题】______aretheselectionrulesofhighlyeffectivethermoelectrics.本题答案：【wide-gap#crystals#layered#asymmetricstructures】5、【判断题】Thermoelectricphenomenoncanbeappliedinelectroniccooling.本题答案：【正确】6、【判断题】Seebeckeffectindicatesthatthetemperaturegradientproducesthemagneticfield.本题答案：【错误】第十章测验1、【单选题】Graphenecanbepeeledoffbytapefrombulkgraphite,becausethe___forcebetweenthelayersisprettyweak.本题答案：【vanderWaals】2、【单选题】_________isthemostpromisingmethodtogetlargeareaandhigh-quality2Dmaterialsfortheapplicationsofelectronics.本题答案：【Chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)】3、【多选题】Comparedtobulkmaterialsandothernanomaterials,graphenehasthefollowingadvantages:______.本题答案：【thethinnestmaterials#flexibleandtransparent#highratioofsurfaceatoms#quantumphenomena】4、【多选题】Generally,therearetwodifferentstrategiestogetultrathin2Dmaterials:________methodand_________method.本题答案：【top-down#bottom-up】5、【多选题】For2Dmaterials,thefollowingmethodshavebeendevelopedaseffectiveonestotunetheirproperties:____________.本题答案：【defects#dopingoralloying#phaseengineering#heterostructure#intercalation】6、【判断题】2Dmaterialscanbeappliedinsemiconductors,quantumdevicesandenergydevices.本题答案：【正确】第十一章测验1、【单选题】Inordertoachievebothflexibleandelectroactiveinmaterialsanddevices,onestrategyistointegrate____withthinsizeontoflexiblesubstrate.本题答案：【electronics】2、【单选题】Forapolymertobeabletoconductelectriccurrent,itmustconsistalternatelyof_____and_____bondsbetweenthecarbonatoms.本题答案：【single,double】3、【多选题】Torealizesensingfunctions,materialswithenergyconversionabilitiesarecrucialfundamentals.Typicalenergyconversionphenomenainmaterialsincludes___________.本题答案：【piezoelectric#pyroelectric#thermoelectric#triboelectric#photovoltaic】4、【多选题】Whichphenomenaisaboutenergyconversionbetweenmechanicalenergyandelectricalenergy?本题答案：【piezoelectric#triboelectric】5、【多选题】Pressureandstrainsensorscoulddetectpressureandstrainchangesthroughseveraltransductionprinciples,including________.本题答案：【capacitance#piezoresistivity#piezoelectricity#triboelectricity】6、【判断题】Thereareusuallytwowaystomakestretchableelectronics.OneiscalledGeometricEngineering,whichmeansplacingelectronicsinoronintrinsicallystretchableorganicmaterials.本题答案：【错误】FinalExam1、【单选题】Polymersarecomposedofmonomerswhicharechemicallyheldtogetherbychemicalbonds.Thesebondsaremostly___.本题答案：【covalentbonds】2、【单选题】ThethermoelectricconversionefficiencyisdeterminedbythefigureofmeritZT,______isnottheparameterwhicheffectthevalueofZT.本题答案：【current】3、【单选题】______isnotthepolymermaterial.本题答案：【Sugar】4、【单选题】Theenergyissuesdon’tinclude______本题答案：【energyconversion】5、【单选题】______arenotcharacteristicsofli-ionbatteries.本题答案：【highself-dischargerate】6、【单选题】Atomscouldbebondedindifferentpatterns.Wecallthemchemicalbonds.Thethreemaintypesofchemicalbondsaremetallic,ionicand______bonds.本题答案：【covalent】7、【单选题】Crystallinestructureisadescriptionoftheorderedarrangementofatoms,ionsormoleculesinacrystallinematerial.Weoftenuse____toillustratethe3Dstructure,whichisanarrayof'smallboxes'infinitelyrepeatinginthreespatialdirections.本题答案：【crystallattice】8、【单选题】Basedonthe3-dimensionalconfigurationsofatomsincrystals,allthecrystallatticestructurescanbeclassifiedas_______crystalsystemsand______Bravaislatticesystem.本题答案：【seven,fourteen】9、【单选题】Asindicatedinfollowingfigure,thecrystalplaneinthecubiccellcouldbewrittenas_____.本题答案：【(100)】10、【单选题】Steelisactuallyanalloyof_____and_____.本题答案：【iron,carbon】11、【单选题】Analloyphasediagramisagraphicalrepresentationtoshowtherelationshipsbetweenthevariousphasesthatappearwithinthesystemunderequilibriumconditions.Inaphasediagram,usually_____isplottedasthex-axisand______isplottedasthey-axis.本题答案：【composition,temperature】12、【单选题】Amongvarioustypesofcorrosions,_______corrosionisthemostcommonone.本题答案：【electrochemical】13、【单选题】Alfoilscouldkeepshining,insteadofcorrosion.It’sbecauseof____,whichformsaverythinlayerofoxidizedfilmtoinhibitAlforfurthercorrosion.本题答案：【passivation】14、【单选题】Basedontheinsertedtableofstandardelectrodepotentialsofmetals,itcouldbeinferredthat______showshigherthermodynamicactivityinaqueoussolutionat25°C.本题答案：【Zinc】15、【单选题】Amongvariousstrategiestoprepare2Dmaterials,_________isthemostpromisingonetogetlargeareaandhigh-quality2Dmaterialsfortheapplicationsofelectronics.本题答案：【Chemicalvapordeposition(CVD)】16、【单选题】Theformationofcrystalshavetwosteps:nucleationandgrowth.InordertopreparelargescalegraphenesinglecrystalthroughChemicalvapordeposition(CVD),howcanwetunethenucleationandgrowthrate?本题答案：【Lownucleationdensityandfastgrowthrate】17、【单选题】Inordertoevaluatetheclosed-packeddensityofdifferentlatticestructure,wefindaparametercalledAtomicPackingFactor(APF),whichmeanstheratioof____to____.本题答案：【volumeofatomsinunitcell,volumeofunitcell】18、【单选题】Thedivisionofsoftmagneticmaterialsandhardmagneticmaterialsisbasedon_______.本题答案：【Coercivity】19、【单选题】ThecompassinventedinancientChinamaybemadeof本题答案：【Ferrimagneticmaterial】20、【多选题】______arebelongingtoenergystoragebattery.本题答案：【leadacidbattery#Li-ionbattery#nickelmetalhydridebattery】21、【多选题】______areadvantagesofrenewableenergy.本题答案：【canbereplenishedonahumantimescale#existoverwidegeographicalareas#Nocarbondioxideemission】22、【多选题】Accordingtochemicalcomposition,materialsareusuallyclassifiedasmetals,__________,_________andcomposites.本题答案：【ceramics#polymers】23、【多选题】Metallicmaterialsaremostlycrystallineinnature.Becauseofthestrongbonding,metallicmaterialsusuallyhavehighpackingdensity.Typicallatticestructuresofmetalsinclude_____,_____and_____structure.本题答案：【body-centeredcubic#face-centeredcubic#hexagonalclose-pacedstructure】24、【多选题】Generally,therearetwodifferentstrategiestogetultrathin2Dmaterials:________methodand_________method.本题答案：【top-down#bottom-up】25、【多选题】Thereareusuallytwowaystomakeflexibleelectronics,whichare_____and_______.本题答案：【GeometricEngineering#