北师大版高三英语一轮复习三第2讲非谓语动词课件

第二部分语法考点突破板块三动词的运用第2讲非谓语动词题型高考典题命题角度语法填空1．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto________(visit)Chinesezoo-keeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina．2．(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)________(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom．3．(2023·全国甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle，however，isaseriousmessage________(intend)foreveryone．4．(2023·全国乙卷)Itishometomorethan3，000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout，withthecitykeepingitscarefully_____(build)systemofringroads．5．(2023·全国乙卷)______________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years，Iamamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritagewhileconstantlygrowing．6．(2022·全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an，asafirststep___________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot．7．(2022·全国甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation____(hold)inBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad．8．(2022·全国乙卷)Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha_______(share)futureformankind...1．考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)，以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2．考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。visitingtoteachintendedbuiltHavingvisitedtojourneyheldshared考点一动词不定式1．不定式的形式

语态形式时态形式

主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2．不定式的功能作主语语法规则例句不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首。单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。Toenteragooduniversityforfurtherstudyismygoalnow．进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“Itis/was＋adj．(＋for/ofsb．)＋todosth．”结构中。It'srudetoturnyourbackonyourteacherandrefusetoanswer．对老师不予理睬，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It'snecessaryforustohelpthoseinneed．我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。作宾语语法规则例句不定式可作intend，plan，expect，pretend，wouldlike/love/prefer，wish，decide，agree，manage，refuse，promise，attempt，choose，learn，fail，afford等动词的宾语。Theteacherdecidedtopretendtohaveknownwhattheboyshaddone．Hechosenottoasktheboysbutexpectedtobetoldeverything．老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。在某些动词，如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。Hefeels/thinksitimportanttolearnEnglishwell，butfindsitdifficulttorememberthewords．他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。作表语语法规则例句不定式作表语时，主语多是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan等表示“意向、打算、计划”的名词。Mydreamistobecomeadoctoraftermygraduationfromuniversity．我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。作定语语法规则例句放在序数词，theonly，thenext，形容词最高级＋名词后作定语。Johnisalwaysthefirstonetocomeupwithagoodidea．约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。放在某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan等后作定语。Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtohavethechancetodeliveraspeechhere．有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。作状语语法规则例句作目的状语时，可位于句首或句中，形式上可用inordertodo，soastodo，todo等。Igotupearlysoasto/inorderto/tocatchtheearlybusinthemorning．我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。作结果状语时，常用于too...to...，enoughto，so/such...asto结构中。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的结果。IaskedMumtoputupthetentexcitedly，onlytobetoldthetenthadbeenleftbehind．我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。放在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised后作原因状语。IamextremelygladtoknowthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisitduringthesummerholiday．我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。作宾语补足语语法规则例句下列动词后常用不定式作宾语补足语，ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach，tell等。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutocometomybirthdayparty．我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see，notice，observe，watch，lookat。但用于被动语态时，不定式需加to。Ioftenhearthegirlsingthesongwhichispopularrecently．＝Thegirlisoftenheardtosingthesongwhichispopularrecentlybyme．我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。1．Icarriedaroundabook，andeachnight，justtobelikemymum，Iwouldpretend_____________(read)．2．Onthisspecialday，manyChinesepeopledecidetogetmarried______(add)meaningtotheirspecialday．3．_______(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions，weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness．4．Bytheendof2020，Pruitthadrepairedmorethan140bicyclesfordonationorto___________(return)totheirowners．tobereadingtoaddTofreebereturned5．Fortunately，afterabriefstayinhospital，Benwaswellenoughtobeallowed________(leave)andlaterthefamilymetupfordinner．6．AsofMondaynight，eightpeoplewereknown____________(die)intheincident，thelatestbeingaseverelyinjuredmanwhodiedonthewaytohospital．7．BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—_______(join)thefightagainstairpollutionbyrecordingpollutantlevelsneartheground．8．OnMarch7，1907，theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascome___________(know)asthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect．9．Forchildrenwhoenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek，there'ssomethinghighlyexcitingaboutescapingsomeoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunable__________(see)．toleavetohavediedtojointobeknowntobeseen考点二动词-ing形式1．动词-ing形式的构成语态形式时态形式主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2．动词-ing形式的功能作主语语法规则例句动词-ing形式作主语时，可以直接放在句首。单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。Playingcellphonegamesishisfavourite．玩手机游戏是他的最爱。Beinglaughedatinpublicmademeembarrassed．当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。有时用it作形式主语，常用于Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogood/nopleasuredoingsth．结构中。Itisnousetryingtopersuadesuchastubbornperson．想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。作宾语语法规则例句动词-ing形式常作介词的宾语。下列短语中to是介词：beusedto习惯于；objectto反对；devoteoneselfto致力于；lookforwardto期盼。IhelpMumoutbydoingthehouseworkthatIcando．我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。动词-ing形式可作下列动词的宾语：mind，miss，mention，enjoy，escape，practise，postpone，suggest，tolerate，consider，keep，avoid，admit，advise，allow/permit，appreciate，risk，resist，recommend，finish，forbid，imagine，dislike，delay，quit，deny等。LittleTomisconsideringquittingpractisingplayingtheviolinbecausehisneighbourcouldn'ttoleratelisteningtothenoiseeveryday．小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪声。作表语语法规则例句动词-ing形式作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。Myhobbyisreadingbooks．我的兴趣爱好是读书。表示情绪的动词-ing形式作表语时，相当于形容词，意为“令人……的”。如：amazing，confusing，frightening，surprising等。Thenewsissurprising．这则消息令人吃惊。作定语语法规则例子置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的动作、特征、用途和性能。asleepingchild睡着的孩子aswimmingpool游泳池动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰的名词之后。thegirlwearingareddress穿红裙子的女孩thebridgebeingbuiltnow现在在建的大桥作状语语法规则例句doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。Walkinginthestreet，Icameacrossanoldfriend．走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。havingdone与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours，theoldmanbecameimpatient．已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。havingbeendone与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Havingbeentoldmanytimes，theboystillmadethesamemistakeagainandagain．已经被告知很多次了，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。作宾语补足语语法规则例句动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt．＋sb．/sth．＋doing...。可以用于此结构的动词有：feel，catch，find，hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/observe/notice。Iamsorryforkeepingyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime．很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。Theheadmasterwasangrytocatchsomestudentssmokingagain．又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。1．_______(serve)hard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere，therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine'sroots．2．ItwasaneighbourcalledMario，______(come)tobringusaboxcontainingsometomatoesandabottleofwine．3．Stevestoodbythepiano，eyesclosed，listeningforthefirsttimetohisownwork____________(play)bysomeoneelse．4．ManyChinesebrands，________________(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies，arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket．Servingcomingbeingplayedhavingdeveloped5．JamesBarry，awomansurgeon，retiredin1859，________________(practise)herentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman．6．Inthepastfewyears，an__________(increase)numberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend．7．IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoid_______(miss)themomentIamattemptingtophotograph．8．_________(produce)foodthatnooneeatswastesthewater，fuel，andotherresourcesusedtogrowit，andfoodwastewillcauseanenvironmentalproblem．9．Itwasachangethattookplacewithout_____________(notice)thoughitwasoftheextremeimportance，aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate．10．FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina，________(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritychecks．havingpractisedincreasingmissingProducingbeingnoticedreducing考点三动词-ed形式1．动词-ed形式作定语语法规则例子单个的动词-ed形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前；动词-ed形式短语作定语，放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的-ed形式作定语表示被动和完成；不及物动词的-ed形式作定语只表示完成。abrokenglass一只打碎的玻璃杯thebridgecompletedlastmonth上个月竣工的大桥fallenleaves落叶2．动词-ed形式作状语语法规则例句动词-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是动词-ed形式的承受者，动词-ed形式与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，ourcitylooksbeautiful．从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。3．动词-ed形式作宾语补足语语法规则例句动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成vt．＋sb．/sth．＋done结构。Shehadtoraisehervoicetomakeherselfheard．她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。Theoldmanwantedhisoldwatchrepaired．这位老人想要找人修他的旧手表。4．动词-ed形式作表语语法规则例句表示情绪的动词-ed形式作表语时，相当于形容词，意为“感到……的”。如：amazed，confused，frightened，surprised等。Ifeltreallysurprisedwhenshetoldmetheexcitingnews．当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。1