辽宁中考英语2022-2024真题汇编-教师版-专题04 阅读理解之说明文

辽宁中考英语2022-2024真题汇编-教师版-专题04阅读理解之说明文（一）（2024·辽宁统考·中考真题）We’replants.Giveusyourcareandwewillbringjoytoyou.Pleasetakeushome,willyou?PLANTSGettoknowusFlowersWebringbrightcolors!HouseplantsWearegreenandlightuprooms!Succulents(多肉植物)Wedon’tneedmuchcare!VegetablesHowabouthome-grownfood?GiveusahomeWecanliveinapot.Itcanbeputnearawindow,byasofaorunderatree.Placingusonawallwillbringyoumuchfun.Weloveit,too.CareforusSpringWemayneedfertilizers(化肥).SummerWehateharmfulinsects.AutumnWeneedlesswater.WinterGiveusalargerhomeifnecessary.1．Accordingtothetext,________don’tneedmuchcare.A．flowers B．houseplants C．succulents D．vegetables2．It’sfuntoputapotofplants________.A．onawall B．byasofa C．nearawindow D．underatree3．Plantsneedtobeprotectedfromharmfulinsects,especiallyin________.A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter4．Whichpartofamagazineisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Art. B．Life. C．Sports. D．History.【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．B【导语】本文主要介绍了一些植物。1．细节理解题。根据“Succulents(多肉植物)Wedon’tneedmuchcare!”可知，多肉植物不太需要照顾，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Placingusonawallwillbringyoumuchfun.”可知，把植物挂在墙上会给你带来很多乐趣。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“SummerWehateharmfulinsects.”可知，尤其是在夏天需要保护植物不受有害昆虫的侵害，故选B。4．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一些植物，所以可能在杂志的生活版块看到这篇文章，故选B。（二）（2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）HaveyoueverheardofHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark?Itisourown“Amazon”.Ifyoutravelthere,whatcanyouenjoy?AnimalsTheparkishometoHainangibbons(长臂猿).Theylooklikemonkeys,buthavenotails.Theyeatfruitsandleavesfromover130kindsofplants.Inthe1980s,therewerefewerthan10gibbonsinthepark.In2022,therewere36becausepeopleprotectedtheirhomesandplantedtrees.PlantsTheparkisa“livemuseum”ofplants.Itisalsothehometo133kindsofnationalkeyprotectedplants.Cycashainanensis(海南苏铁)isanexample.Ithasbig,feather-likeleaves.Itgrowsslowly,butcanliveaslongas200years.Itprobablywon’tgrowflowersorfruitsinNorthChina.ButinHainan,cycashainanensisover10yearsoldblossom(开花)andbearfruitsalmosteveryyear.CultureMiaoandLipeoplehavelivedintheparkforgenerations(世代).Theirhouseslooklikeupside-downboats.Theyarebuiltabovethegroundtokeepawayanimals.Lipeoplemakeclothesfrombark(树皮).Theirhistoryoftreebarkclothingdatesbacktoabout10,000yearsago.Somepeoplestillusebarkclothingnowadays.5．WhatwasthepopulationofHainangibbonsinthe1980s?A．Lessthan10. B．Morethan30. C．Nearly130. D．Only133.6．Whatcanweknowaboutcycashainanensisfromthetext?A．Itcangrowveryquickly. B．Itnevergrowsflowers.C．Itcanliveupto200years. D．Ithasverysmallleaves.7．WhatistreebarkusedtodobyLipeople?A．Toavoidanimals. B．Tobuildhouses. C．Toproduceboats. D．Tomakeclothes.8．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyfindthetext?A．Art. B．Travel. C．Health. D．Sports.【答案】5．A6．C7．D8．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园的长臂猿、海南苏铁以及当地文化。5．细节理解题。根据“Inthe1980s,therewerefewerthan10gibbonsinthepark.”可知，在20世纪80年代，公园里只有不到10只长臂猿。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据“Itgrowsslowly,butcanliveaslongas200years.”可知，海南苏铁生长缓慢，但是可以活200年。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据“Lipeoplemakeclothesfrombark(树皮).”可知，黎族人用树皮做衣服。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据“HaveyoueverheardofHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark?”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园的动植物及风土人情，属于旅游范畴，故可以在杂志中的“旅游”版块读到此文章。故选B。（三）（2023·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）The20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointsouttheimportanceofreadingandcallsonpeopletoreadmorebooks,sosharedbookhouseshaveappearedinmanyplaces.Readinghasbecomeatrendinourcountry.Areadingcampaign(行动)tookplaceinShenyanginApril,2023.Manypeopletookpartinit.LiHong,agirlfromajuniorhighschool,said,“MymotherandItookpartinthecampaignbecausebothofuslikereading.Booksareournecessaryfurnitureinourhouse.IknowalotaboutChineseclassic(经典的)works.Readingmakesmylifecolourfulandwillchangemydreamintoreality(现实).”Readingisonething,butknowinghowtoreadandwhattoreadisanother.Therearemainlythreekindsofreading:recreationalreading,study-typereadingandsurveyreading.Recreationalreadingcanbringyoumuchfun.Youcanreadatarelaxedspeed.Study-typereadingusuallyneedsyoutoreadthetextverycarefullytounderstandtheideasanddetails.Surveyreadingisawayofreadingfasttogetthemainideaorfindtheinformationyouneed.Whatkindofbooksshouldyouread?Emerson,agreatwriterandthinker,hadthreerules:neverreadabookthatisnotayearold;neverreadanybutfamousbooks;neverreadabookyoudon’tlike.Goodbookscanliftyoutoahigherplane(境界).Whateveryouread,readwithinterest,withthewholemind.Trytobeabestreader.Ifyouaregettingthemostoutofabook,youwilldothingsmoreconfidently.Readingisrewarding(有益的)!9．Whatcanweinfer(推断)aboutLiHongfromthesecondparagraph?A．Thereisnootherfurnitureinherhousebutbooks.B．HermotherteachesChineseinajuniorhighschool.C．ShehasprobablyreadthebookJourneytotheWest.D．Shehaschangedherdreambecauseofthecampaign.10．Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstosurveyreading?A．Learningalongpoematarelaxedspeed.B．Readinganovelcarefullytowriteareport.C．Enjoyinginterestingcomicstripsasyoulike.D．Searchingnewspapersquicklyforsomething.11．WhatkindofbooksshouldwereadaccordingtoEmerson?A．Booksthatarewellknown. B．Booksthatcostalotofmoney.C．Booksthatareaboutrules. D．Booksthatcomeoutwithinayear.12．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthistext?A．Tointroduceareadingcampaign. B．Toadviseustobuildbookhouses.C．Toencouragepeopletoreadbooks. D．Totellusaboutsomeclassicworks.【答案】9．C10．D11．A12．C【导语】本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。9．推理判断题。根据“IknowalotaboutChineseclassicworks.”可知李红对中国古典名著了解很多，由此推出她可能读过经典名著《西游记》。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据“Surveyreadingisawayofreadingfasttogetthemainideaorfindtheinformationyouneed.”可知概括性阅读是一种快速阅读的方式，以获得主要思想或找到你需要的信息，由此推出在报纸上快速搜索属于概括性阅读。故选D。11．细节理解题。根据“Emerson,agreatwriterandthinker,hadthreerules:neverreadabookthatisnotayearold;neverreadanybutfamousbooks;neverreadabookyoudon’tlike.”可知爱默生认为永远不要读一本未满一年的书、只读名著、永远不要读你不喜欢的书。故选A。12．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。结合“Trytobeabestreader.Ifyouaregettingthemostoutofabook,youwilldothingsmoreconfidently.Readingisrewarding!”可知写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们读书。故选C。（四）（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）InPontevedra,Spain,peopledon’tshout.Sincecarsarenotallowedinthecity,therearenohorns（喇叭）ornoisesfromcarengines.Peopledon’thavetotryhardtomakethemselvesheard.Whatyouhearinthestreet,instead,isthesingingofbirds.“Listen,”saysMiguelLores,themayor（市长）,openingthewindowsofhisoffice.Fromthestreetbelowrisesthesoundofhumanvoices.“Morethan14,000carsusedtopassalongthisstreeteveryday.Thereweremorecarspassingthroughthecityinadaythanpeoplelivinghere.Loresbecamemayorin1999.Hespentmonthswalkingaroundthecity.“Thehistoricalcityisdead,”hesaidoneday.“Itisfullofcars.Itisheavilypolluted.Therearealotoftrafficaccidents.Theelderlyandchildrenaren’tabletousethestreetsbecauseofcars.Peoplewhohadachancetoleavehavedoneso.”Atfirst,Loresthoughtofimprovingtrafficconditions.However,hecouldn’tcomeupwithagoodplan.Afterlotsofdiscussions,thegovernmentfinallydecidedtogetridof（清除）cars.ThechangehasbroughtPontevedramanybenefits.Trafficaccidentsarenowrare（罕见的）.CO2emissions（排放物）aredownby70%.Manypeoplearemovingtothecity,makingitlivelyagain.Mostlocalpeoplelikethechange.RamiroArmesto,amotheroftwoyoungchildren,said,“Inthepast,thefirstthingtoseeinthemorningwastrafficjams.Now,thecityiscleaner,quieterandsafer.”RaquelGarcia,anotherparent,saidshehadstayedinmanycitiesaroundtheworld.However,shehadneverlivedinacityas“easytolivein”asPontevedra.“Evenifit’sraining,Iwalkeverywhere.Thefeelingiswonderful,”sheadded.13．FromParagraph1,weknowPontevedraisa(n)________cityinSpain.A．ancient B．quiet C．busy D．crowded14．ForLores,whatwasthecityPontevedra’smainproblem?A．Thehistoricalcitywasdead. B．Therewerelotsoftrafficaccidents.C．Manypeoplewereleavingthecity. D．Thereweretoomanycarsinthecity.15．Theunderlinedword“benefits”probablymeans“________”inEnglish.A．choices B．advantages C．problems D．symbols16．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Toshowhowpeoplelikethechange. B．Toletmorecitiesfollowthechange.C．Toexplainwhatpeoplethinkofthecity. D．TotellwhypeoplelikelivinginPontevedra.17．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Acitywithoutcars. B．Thepathtoacity’sprogress.C．Agoodplanforacity. D．ThechangesofPontevedra.【答案】13．B14．D15．B16．A17．A【导语】本文主要讲述了西班牙的城市——蓬特韦德拉发生的巨大变化。13．推理判断题。根据“InPontevedra,Spain,peopledon’tshout...Whatyouhearinthestreet,instead,isthesingingofbirds.”可知，蓬特韦德拉是西班牙的一个安静的城市，没有汽车的喧嚣，故选B。14．细节理解题。根据“Itisfullofcars.Itisheavilypolluted....Peoplewhohadachancetoleavehavedoneso.”可知，对Lores来说，蓬特韦德拉的主要问题是汽车太多了，故选D。15．词义猜测题。根据“Trafficaccidentsarenowrare（罕见的）.CO2emissions（排放物）aredownby70%.Manypeoplearemovingtothecity,makingitlivelyagain.”可知，交通事故现在很少见了。二氧化碳排放量下降了70%。许多人搬到这个城市，使它又活跃起来了。这是这个城市禁止汽车之后的好处，所以单词“benefits”指的是“优点”，故选B。16．段落大意题。根据“Mostlocalpeoplelikethechange.”以及整段的理解可知，本段主要是为了显示人们对这种变化的喜爱，故选A。17．最佳标题题。根据“InPontevedra,Spain,peopledon’tshout.Sincecarsarenotallowedinthecity,therearenohorns（喇叭）ornoisesfromcarengines.”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了蓬特德韦德拉从一个街上挤满汽车到变成街上没有汽车行驶的城市，并讲述了街上没有汽车的好处，以及这一变化获得了当地居民的支持。所以本文的最佳标题是“没有汽车的城市”。故选A。（五）（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Chinahasmadeasystemoflawstoprotecttheenvironment.IthashelpedbuildbeautifulChina,accordingtoaworkreport.ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon.TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.Ithasmadegreateffortstopreventandcontrolpollution.Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(质量)hasstayedatthegoodlevelon86.5percentofthedaysincities.Thecountryhasalsomadeprogressinpreventingandcontrollingsoilpollutionandcontinuedtoprotectforests,rivers,lakesandsoon.What’smore,Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem.Animalsarefriendsofhumans,andprotectinganimalsisalsotoprotectthehomeofhumans.Agoodenvironmentisimportanttohumans.Withoutthefreshairorcleanwater,wecan’tliveontheearth.TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboththeenvironmentandourselves.18．Thereareatleast________lawsinParagraph2.A．5 B．6 C．7 D．819．Theunderlinedword“assist”inParagraph2issimilarto________.A．part B．agree C．help D．deal20．AccordingtoParagraph3,wehavedonesomethingtoprotecttheanimals,including________.①providinghomesformanyanimals②givinganimalsmorefood③teachingthepublictohelpanimals④makinglawstoprotectwildanimalsandplantsA．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④21．Overthepastfiveyears,theairqualityincitieshasgenerallystayedatthe________level.A．bad B．terrible C．poor D．good22．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．AsystemoflawshasbeenmadetoprotectsoilaroundChina.B．Thecountryhasmadeprogressinpreventingriverpollution.C．Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.D．Chinahastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironmentandhumans.【答案】18．A19．C20．B21．D22．D【导语】本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。18．细节理解题。根据“ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon”可知该体系包括《环境保护法》和其他一些领域的许多法律，如《长江保护法》、《黄河保护法》、《黑土保护法》、《青藏高原法》等。故选A。19．词义猜测题。根据“TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.”可知这些环境保护法有助于建设美丽的中国，故此处划线部分和help意义相近。故选C。20．细节理解题。根据“Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem”可知中国还制定了保护野生动植物的法律，为许多动物提供了家园，并教导公众帮助它们。故选B。21．细节理解题。根据“Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(质量)hasstayedatthegoodlevel”可知在过去的五年里，空气质量一直保持在良好水平。故选D。22．主旨大意题。根据“TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboththeenvironmentandourselves.”以及本文内容可知本文主要介绍了中国已采取了很多行动保护环境和人类。故选D。（六）（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Lotsofscientistsarestudyingrobotstoday.Manyrobotsdon’talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines,andsomearenothingbutlongarms.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.Robotsaremoreandmoreusefulandimportantinourlife.Theyhelpusalot.Infactories,robotscanhelppeopledoalotofwork.Theyworkfasteranddonotneedarest.Peoplewillfeelborediftheydothesamejobagainandagain,butrobotswillnot.Theycanworkinsomedangerousplaceswherepeoplecannot.Robotsareusefulinourhomes,too.Theycanhelpusdosomecooking.Theycanhelptheblindpeoplereadnewspapers,helptheoldpeoplemovesomeheavythingsandsoon.Ifwehavesomeotherproblems,wecanalsoaskthemforhelp.However,robotsarenotsocleveraspeople.Theycannotthinklikeus.Ifwedonot“teach”themhowtodothingsfirst,theycandonothing.It’spossiblethatwewillhaveourownrobots,andtheywillhelpustodomorethingsinthefuture.23．Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Norobotsarelikebigmachines. B．Robotsallhavelongarms.C．Robotsareindifferentshapes. D．Robotscan’tworkoutproblemsbythemselves.24．Wherearerobotshelpfultousaccordingtothethirdparagraph?A．Infactories. B．Inbanks. C．Inourhouses. D．Inlibraries.25．Whatistheadvantageofrobotsaccordingtothetext?A．Theyareascleveraspeople. B．Theywillbecometired.C．Theycanthinklikepeople. D．Theycanworkindangerousplaces.26．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．It’saboutwhatrobotswillbelikeinthefuture.B．It’saboutwhatrobotscandoinmanyyears.C．It’sabouthowrobotsareusedinourlife.D．It’sabouthowscientistsinventedrobots.27．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Aguidebook. C．Sportsnews. D．Amusictextbook.【答案】23．C24．C25．D26．C27．A【导语】本文主要讲述了机器人在我们的生活中的作用和重要性。23．细节理解题。根据“Manyrobotsdon’talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines,andsomearenothingbutlongarms”可知机器人有不同的形状。故选C。24．细节理解题。根据“Robotsareusefulinourhomes,too”可知机器人在我们家里很有用，故选C。25．细节理解题。根据“Theycanworkinsomedangerousplaceswherepeoplecannot.”可知机器人可以在一些人们无法工作的危险的地方工作。故选D。26．主旨大意题。根据“Robotsaremoreandmoreusefulandimportantinourlife.”和全文可知，本文主要讲述了机器人在我们的生活中的作用和重要性，故选C。27．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是关于机器人，所以可能在科学杂志上看到，故选A。（七）（2023·辽宁锦州·中考真题）Intheyear2070,mostofyouwillbemorethan60yearsold.Thegoodnewsisthattravelmightbecomesmarterbythattime.Europeanairline(航空公司)easyJethasmadesomepredictionsandreleased(发布)easyJet2070—TheFutureTravelReport.Let’stakealookatsomecoolideas.Heartbeat(心跳)passportPaperpassportswillbeathingofthepast.Youwilluse“heartbeatpassports”instead.Accordingtoexperts,everyone’sheartbeatisdifferent.Sothedata(数据)willbeusedtotellwhoyouare.Morecomfortableflight(飞行)Theseatsontheplanewillnolongerbe“onesizefitsall”.You’llactuallybeabletobook(预定)aseataccordingtoyourbodytype(型).Theseatmightevenbeabletocoolorwarmyoutoyourpreferredtemperature.Therewillalsobenomorescreensonthebackofyourseats.Afuturedevice(设备)couldshowmoviesstraightinfrontofyoureyes.PrintedclothesandfoodIfyouhatepackingclothes,youmaynotneedtodoitinthefuture.Beforeyoufly,youwillhaveabodyscan(扫描).Whenyouarrive,you’llfindawardrobe(衣橱)filledwith3D-printedclothesinyoursize.Whenyouleave,theclothescanberecycledandreprintedforthenextperson.Youcanalso3Dprintwhateveryouwanttoeat.BringhistorybacktolifeIfyouliketovisitplacesofinterest,augmentedreality(增强现实)willchangethegame.Wearingaheadset(头戴式耳机),youcanseewhathappenedthere,suchasafamouswar.28．In2070,heartbeatpassportswillbeusedbecause_________.A．paperpassportsareawasteofpaper B．thedataofeveryone’sheartbeatwilltellwhotheyareC．theycanbemadeatalowerprice D．expertsdon’tallowpeopletousepaperpassports29．_________willmakeyoucomfortableinyourflightin2070.①Aseataccordingtoyourbodytype

②Moviesshownstraightinfrontofyoureyes③Bigscreensonthebackofyourseats

④AseatwithyourpreferredtemperatureA．①③④ B．①②③ C．①②④ D．②③④30．In2070,ifyoudon’tlikepackingclothes,youcan_________accordingtoParagraph4.A．haveyourclothesposted B．buyyourclothesinthestoreC．recycleclothesforyourself D．scanyourbodyandyourclotheswillbeready31．WhatmightyouseewithaheadsetifyouvisitthePalaceMuseumin2070?A．PeoplearewatchingtheOlympicGames. B．Theemperoristalkingwiththeministers.C．SomepeoplearebuildingtheGreatWall. D．Somestudentsarehavingasportsmeeting.32．Whatwillbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Goodideasforfuturetravel B．BetterlifestylesinthefutureC．Futuredevicesontheplane D．Hightechnologyin2070【答案】28．B29．C30．D31．B32．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍几个关于未来的很酷的想法。28．细节理解题。根据“Accordingtoexperts,everyone’sheartbeatisdifferent.Sothedata(数据)willbeusedtotellwhoyouare.”可知，专家表示，每个人的心跳都不一样，所以这些数据将被用来告诉你是谁。故选B。29．细节理解题。根据“You’llactuallybeabletobook(预定)aseataccordingtoyourbodytype(型).Theseatmightevenbeabletocoolorwarmyoutoyourpreferredtemperature.Therewillalsobenomorescreensonthebackofyourseats.Afuturedevice(设备)couldshowmoviesstraightinfrontofyoureyes.”可知，你可以根据自己的体型预订座位，这个座位甚至可以把你降温或升温到你喜欢的温度，座位后面也不会有屏幕，未来的设备可以直接在你眼前播放电影。结合选项，故选C。30．细节理解题。根据“Beforeyoufly,youwillhaveabodyscan(扫描).Whenyouarrive,you’llfindawardrobe(衣橱)filledwith3D-printedclothesinyoursize.”可知，在你登机前，你要进行全身扫描，当你到达时，你会发现衣柜里堆满了3D打印的衣服。故选D。31．推理判断题。根据“Wearingaheadset(头戴式耳机),youcanseewhathappenedthere,suchasafamouswar.”可知，戴上头戴式耳机，你可以看到那里发生了什么，比如一场著名的战争。结合地点故宫可知，可能会看到皇帝正在和大臣们谈话。故选B。32．最佳标题题。根据“Europeanairline(航空公司)easyJethasmadesomepredictionsandreleased(发布)easyJet2070—TheFutureTravelReport.Let’stakealookatsomecoolideas.”可知，欧洲易捷航空公司做出了一些预测，并发布了易捷2070——未来旅行报告，介绍其中一些很酷的想法。故选A。（八）（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Recently,researchersinIsraelhavedoneanexperimentandfoundthatgoldfishareabletonavigate(导航)onlandafterreceivingaround10drivinglessons.TheexperimentwasperformedbyaresearchteamattheBen-GurionUniversity.Itwasmadetoseewhethergoldfishcouldfindtheirwayinaverydifferentenvironment.Researchersdevelopedaroboticcarthatcoulddriveforward,backwardandfromsidetoside.TheycalledthecarFOV—“FishOperatedVehicle”(鱼驱动车).AgoldfishwasplacedinsideawaterboxontheFOV.Usingasetofwheelswithacamerasystem,theFOVrecordedthefish’smovementsandswimmingdirections,andthenmovedinthesamedirection.Thescientistsworkedwithsixdifferentgoldfish.Theyplacedthecarinasmallroomwithapinktarget(目标)ononeside.Thefishwouldgetfoodwhenthecartouchedthetarget.Afterafewdaysoftraining,thefishnavigatedtothetarget.Atfirst,ittookthemabouthalfanhourtodrivetothetarget.Butbytheendoftheexperiment,theywereabletocompletethesametaskinlessthanaminute.ShacharGivon,oneoftheresearchers,said,“Asanyonewhohastriedtolearnhowtorideabikeortodriveacarknows,itischallengingatfirst.”Notonlydidthegoldfishshowthattheycoulddrivetothetarget,buttheyalsoweren’tfooledbyfalsetargetsofothercolors.Theywerealsoabletogetfreewhenthecarhitawall.Althoughthefishmaynothaverealizedtheyweremovingonland,theseresultsshowthatafishhastheabilitytonavigateoutsideitsnatureenvironmentofwater.Itcanenrichscientificknowledgeofanimals’navigationskills.33．Whatisthepurposeofthegoldfishexperiment?A．Toseeifgoldfishcouldtelldifferentcolors.B．Toseeifgoldfishcouldfindfoodandlivingplaces.C．Toseeifgoldfishcouldnavigateinadifferentenvironment.D．Toseeifgoldfishcouldrideabikeordriveacarlikehumans.34．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheFOV?A．Itwasplacedinsideawaterbox.B．Itcouldfollowthefish’smovements.C．Itwasdrivenbyacamerasystem.D．Itcouldcontrolthefish’sdirections.35．Thegoldfishwouldgetfoodaslongasthecar________.A．touchedthepinktargetB．movedinthesmallroomfreelyC．avoidedhittingawallD．touchedthetargetsofothercolors36．WhatcanwelearnfromShacharGivon’swords?A．Itwasimportantforthegoldfishtodriveacar.B．Itwasimpossibleforthegoldfishtonavigate.C．Itwasmeaninglessforthegoldfishtobetrainedatfirst.D．Itwashardforthegoldfishtoreachthetargetatthestart.37．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GoodUseofaRoboticCarB．AnExperimentonAnimalsC．Goldfish’sAbilitytoNavigateonLandD．Goldfish’sSkillstoDriveaCaronLand【答案】33．C34．B35．A36．D37．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性。33．推理判断题。根据“Recently,researchersinIsraelhavedoneanexperimentandfoundthatgoldfishareabletonavigateonland”可知，金鱼在陆地上也具有导航能力，进而可以推出研究人员开展金鱼实验的目的是为了检验金鱼在不同的环境中是否仍具备导航能力。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据“theFOVrecordedthefish’smovementsandswimmingdirections,andthenmovedinthesamedirection”可知，鱼驱动车可以按鱼移动轨迹前进。故选B。35．细节理解题。根据“Thefishwouldgetfoodwhenthecartouchedthetarget.”可知，当车触碰到粉色目标的时候可以得到食物。故选A。36．推理判断题。根据“Asanyonewhohastriedtolearnhowtorideabikeortodriveacarknows,itischallengingatfirst.”可知，任何试图学习如何骑自行车或开车的人都知道，一开始是很有挑战性的。由此可知，ShacharGivon想表达的是金鱼很难在一开始就到达目标。故选D。37．最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要讲述科研人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性，选项C“金鱼在陆地上的导航能力”最符合本文。故选C。（九）（2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）Wouldyoutryfoodmadeofrubbish?WhenworldleadersgottogetherattheUNforameetingonclimate(气候)change,theyhadaspeciallunch.Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.Therewasasaladmadeofvegetablescraps(剩菜叶).Theleadersalsohadhamburgersmadeoffruitleftoverfromjuicing.TheUNsaidthisremindedpeopleaboutfoodwasteandthebadinfluenceithasonclimatechange.“Foodwasteisnotoftennoticedinclimatechange,andthatisshamefulwhensomanypeopleareinhunger.”saidagovernmentsecretary.Mostpeopledon’tevenrealizehowmuchfoodtheythrowawayeveryday.Sometimestheycooktoomuchortheydon’tuseitintime.Everyyearmorethanone-thirdofallfoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste,accordingtotheUN.Stopthewaste,andthewholeworldcouldsave$300billionfromwastedfood.Moreimportantly,itcouldalsodolessharmtotheenvironment.Thinkaboutabagofcheese(奶酪).Beforewebuyitatthestore,peoplehavetoraisethecows,dealwiththemilk,anddrivetotheshoptosellthecheese.Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuel(燃料)andwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.TheUNsaidifwestopthrowinggoodfoodaway,wecouldcutdownupto17milliontonsofCO₂.Thegoodofthatwouldbethesameastakingoneineveryfourcarsofftheroad.38．Whydidthewriterthinkthelunchwasspecial?A．Becausethevegetablesweremadeintojuice.B．Becausetheleadershadasaladandhamburgers.C．Becausefoodwascookedfromsomethingthrownaway.D．Becausethelunchwaspreparedwithdifferentfreshfruits.39．Whatdoesfoodwasteinfluenceatlast?A．Fuel. B．Cars. C．Cows. D．Climate.40．Whatcanyouinfer(推断)fromthetext?A．Evensmallactionscanhelpmakeourworldbetter.B．Weshouldbuyabagofcheesefromthesupermarket.C．Mostpeoplehavealreadypaidattentiontofoodwaste.D．Savingfoodismoreimportantthandrivingcarslessoften.41．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Cheese—Healthyforpeople B．Ameeting—TraditionalattheUNC．Foodwaste—Badfortheenvironment D．Greenhousegases—DangeroustotheEarth【答案】38．C39．D40．A41．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。38．细节理解题。根据“Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.”可知，这些食物是由我们大多数人会扔掉的东西制成的。故选C。39．细节理解题。根据“Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuelandwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.”可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪费了能源、燃料和水，释放出加剧全球变暖的温室气体。所以食物浪费最后会影响气候。故选D。40．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，生活中我们煮的食物过多就会导致浪费，如果我们不浪费，除了减少食物浪费外，还可以减少对环境的伤害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮过多食物这样小的行为，也能让我们的世界变得更美好。故选A。41．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。“食物浪费——对环境有害”符合主题。故选C。（十）（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）①Otters(水獭)arecutewateranimals.Recently,therehasbeenatrend(趋势)ofkeepingthemaspets.InJapan,some“ottercafes”areopenforbusiness.Peoplecanpaytoplaywiththeottersthereandtotakephotoswiththem.InIndonesia,peoplegoswimmingwiththeirpetottersandtake“funny”videos.Thesephotosandvideospostedonlinehaveattractedmorepeopletobuyottersaspets.②However,thesephotosandvideosmaskthefactthattheonlinetradeisdoingharmtootters.Inthewild,babyottersusuallystaywiththeirmothersduringtheirfirstyearoflife.Accordingtoareport,70percentofotterssoldonlineareunderayearold.Thesebabyottershavebeenstolenfromtheirmothers.Whenthey’rekeptaspetsbyhumans,theydonotlivefull,naturallives.③Ottersareverysocial(群居的).Theyliveinfamilygroupsofuptofifteeninthewild.Keepinganotterasapetcanmakeitverysadandlonely.Theseanimalsalsoneedenoughspacetoswim.Theirowners’bathtubs(浴缸)orpoolsaremuchsmallerthanthebodiesofwaterinthewild.④Ontheotherhand,itisnotwisetokeepottersaspetsathome.Theyhaveaveryspecialfishysmell.Ifthey’rekeptindoors,theywillleavealotofdroppingsaroundthehouse.Thiswouldmakethesmellevenmoreunpleasant.Besides,whenottersareupset,theywillmakeloudnoisesandevenattack(攻击)people.Ifapersonisbittenbyanotter,heorsheneedstogotothehospitali