2022高考英语一轮复习Module1自然环境自然遗产保护训练（含解析）选修8

自然环境、自然遗产保护Ⅰ.阅读理解AInspireyourstudentswithaschooltriptoAntarctica,thedriest“desert”onearth!Sinceitisnolongerthefieldofjustscientistsandexplorers,weareofferingauniqueopportunityforyouandyourstudentstoexplorethegreatAntarcticregion.Undercarefullycontrolledconditions,youcandiscoverAntarcticextraordinarywildlifeandsceneryonavoyageintheworld’slasttruewilderness.Antarcticaoffersyourstudentsdifferentkindsofstudytopicsfromgeologyandplatetectonics(构造学)atDeceptionIslandtocoldenvironments.Asthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld,Antarcticacoversanareaofroughly14millionsquarekilometers,mostofwhichisblanketedbyavasticesheet,averaging2,000metersinthickness.Forhalfoftheyear,itliesindarkness.However,withthearrivalofitsshortsummer,thiscoldlandplayshosttosomeofthegreatestwildlifeonearth.Millionsofpairsofpenguins,andotherseabirdsliveintheregion.Fivespeciesofsealsareregularlyobservedhuntingforfoodonice.Orcas,humpback,whalesandsomeotherseaanimalsareoftenseenfeedingontheocean’srichpicking,addingtotheimpressivelistofmarinemammals.Thesummerclimateisoftensurprisinglymildwithtemperaturesabovefreezingandthelonghoursofdaylightmeanthatwildlifeviewingispossiblealmostanytime.Wewouldarguethatit’simpossibletodescribethesceneryofthiscontinentinasingleword,but“breathtaking”esclose!Thishugecontinentliesunderthesnowandicewhiledramaticmountainrangesarecutthroughbygreatglaciers,forminglotsofcoastalislands,inletsandwaterways.Thesearefilledwithice,bigofsmallglacierssoitisdifficulttogettoAntarcticabyship.Thesculpturedshapesandbeautifulcoloroftheblueoceansinspiretheimaginationandprovideperfectphotographicmoments.AnexpeditionvoyagetoAntarcticaisatripofalifetimeforstudentsandteachersalike.Pricesareavailableonrequest—startingfromapproximately4,500poundsperpersonincludingreturnflightsandvoyage.PleasecontactustofindoutmoreaboutthetraveltoAntarctica.Call01737218807.语篇解读：本文是一则广告，鼓励学生参加南极洲旅行。1．NowAntarcticaisnotonlyalandofscientists,butalso.A．aplacewherenolivingthingscanbeseenB．afantasticcontinentallthestudentsareinterestedinC．agoodtopicforresearchinggeologyandplatetectonicsD．anexcellentplaceforstudentstomakediscoveriesandexplorations解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的“Sinceitis...greatAntarcticregion.”可知，南极洲不再仅仅是科学家和探险家去的地方，我们正在为你和你的学生们提供探索南极大陆的机会。故选D。2．Itispossibletoviewthewildlifeinsummeralmostanytimebecause.A．thewildanimalseoutonlyinsummerB．visitorscanviewtheanimalsmoreclearlyinsummerC．summerofferswarmweatherandlonghoursofdaylightD．wildanimalsneversleepduringthesummertime解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thesummerclimate...almostanytime.”可知，夏季气候温和，气温在零度以上，白天日照时间长意味着观看野生动物在任何时候都是可能的。故选C。3．Whatdoestheauthorexpectthereaderstodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．TosavemoneyforthetriptoAntarctica.B．Tomakeabetterunderstandingofthepany.C．Togetintouchwitheachothertoorganizetheirtrip.D．TofindfurtherinformationaboutthetriptoAntarctica.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的“PleasecontactustofindoutmoreaboutthetraveltoAntarctica.Call01737218807.”可知，作者期望读者联系他们得到更多的关于去南极洲旅行的信息，打01737218807咨询。由此可知，选D。BAntarcticaisknownforbeingavastlandoficeandsnow,aplacetoocoldformostlife.Despitethis,thecontinentisslowlystartingtoturnwarm.AccordingtotheGuardian,theAntarctichasregisteredanewhightemperatureforthefirsttimeonrecord,causingfearsofclimateinstabilityintheworld’siciestplace.OnFebruary9,BrazilianresearchersatSeymourIslandreportedatemperatureof20.75℃ontheicycontinentofAntarctica.Itwasalmostafulldegreehigherthanthepreviousrecordof19.8Thisrecord­breakingreadingwastakenatamonitoringstationinthenorthernpartofAntarctica.AccordingtoBraziliansoilscientistCarlosSchaefer,thetemperaturewasdocumentedduringa20­year­longresearchproject.Thefocusofthisprojectistostudytheeffectthatclimatechangehasonthepermafrostwithintheregion.Permafrostissoilthatstaysfrozenforatleasttwoyears.AlthoughthisisafirstrecordhighforAntarctica,Schaeferstressedthat“Wecan’tusethistopredictclimaticchangesinthefuture.It’ssimplyasignalthatsomethingdifferentishappeninginthearea.”Butinfact,thelasthightemperaturereadingwasinthe19℃range.ThesehighertemperaturescancauseiceandglaciersinAntarcticregionstomelt.TheAntarcticpeninsula—thelongfingeroflandthatstretchestowardsArgentina—ismostdramaticallyaffected.Scientistssawglaciersthathaveretreatedbymorethan100metersinDiscoveryBayLikeAmericanwriterErnestHemingwayoncesaid，“TheEarthisafineplaceandworthfightingfor.”Weshoulddoeverythingwecantohelpsaveourplanet.Otherwise,itmaybeetoohotforustofix.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。南极测得有气象记录以来的最高温，引发人们对于全球极寒之地气候不稳定的担忧。4．WhatdidBrazilianresearchersreportonFebruary9?A．SignyB．Antarcticahitarecordhightemperatureof20.75℃C．TheaveragetemperatureofAntarcticarangesfrom19.8℃to20.75D．Antarctica’snewrecordtemperatureisafulldegreehigherthanthepreviousdecade.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，2月9日，巴西研究人员在处于严寒地带的南极洲西摩岛记录下了20.75摄氏度的高温。这比先前西格尼岛1982年1月记录的19.8摄氏度高了将近1摄氏度。故选C。5．What’sthemainpurposeofthe20­year­longresearchproject?A．Topredictpossibleclimaticchangeinthefuture.B．TomonitorAntarctica’scontributionstoworldclimatechange.C．Toexplainwhythepermafrostmaycauseglacierstomelt.D．Toexaminehowthepermafrostisinfluencedbyclimatechange.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thefocusofthisprojectistostudytheeffectthatclimatechangehasonthepermafrostwithintheregion.”可知，该项目的关注点在于研究气候变化对于该地区永久冻土的影响。故选D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreated”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Movedforward. B．Increasedinsize.C．Coveredacertainarea. D．Gotsmaller.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句可知，高温天气会导致南极洲地区的冰雪与冰川融化，所以此处指科学家们发现，探索湾的冰川已经后退了100多米，地面的积雪用一周多的时间就化得裸露出深色的岩石。由此可知，此处指冰川减少了100多米。故选D。7．Accordingtothetext,themeltedglaciermayleadto.A．thepollutionofoceanwaterB．thereleaseofvariousvirusesC．threatstopenguinhabitatsD．disappearanceofcoastalcities解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段的“Thismeltedice...onseaice.”可知，这些融化的冰雪会导致海平面上升，威胁沿海地区的安全。人们认为，这也是依赖海冰的帽带企鹅数量急剧下降超过50%的背后原因。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Protectingtheenvironmentisreallychallenging,buttherearemeasuresthatyoucantaketohelppreservethenaturalworld.Participateinabeachorriverclean­up.Whenpeoplelitter,theirtrashoftenmakesitswaytoourlocalwaterways,destroyingthenaturalhomesofbirds,fishandothercreaturesinwater.1Plantnativetreesandshrubs.2Onceestablished,littleornoirrigationshouldbeneededformostwell­placednativeplants.Byplantingtreesandshrubsthatarenativetoyourarea,you’llbeworkingwiththelocalecosystemratherthanagainstit.Checkwithyourlocalnursery,orwithyourstate’scooperativeextensionagency,tolearnmoreabouttheparticularvarietiesofnativeplantsthatmightgrowwellinyourarea.3Conserveenergyinyourhomebyprovidingweatherstrippingandcaulkingallwindows,insulatingyourceilingsandfloors.Purchaseappliancesthatareenergy­efficient;lookforthe“EnergyStar”designation.Raiseawarenessofthreatstonature.Makesureyousharenewsaboutthethreatstotheenvironment,bothinsideandoutsideyourmunity.Followsocialmediacampaigns,andsharetheirposts.Considerjoininginralliesandprotestmarchesifyou’reable.4Eatloweronthefoodchain.Thismeanseatlessbeef(highonthefoodchain)andmorerootvegetables,andfruits.Smallerfish,beingloweronthefoodchain,areusuallybetterthanlargerfish.5Shiftingtoamoreplant­basedstyleofeatingwillslowthedeforestationthatmeatproductionrequires.A．Reducethecarbonfootprintofyourhome.B．Trytobuyfromlocalgrowerswheneverpossible.C．