考研英语一阅读理解真题

考研英语一阅读理解真题

考研英语一阅读理解真题1

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddle

classisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthe

nextpresidentialcampaign：Whathappenswhenthe

robotsefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.About

halfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,

accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthe

middleclassdisproportionate1ysqueezed.Lower-ine

jobslikegardeningordaycaredon1tappealto

robots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,

financialadvice,softwareengineering-have

arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichown

therobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointout

thattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersin

thepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidnftgosowell

forLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanized

looms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsand

createdmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,

automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,

stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemedium

term,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelp

adjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrew

McAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldbe

rethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums-

fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolveto

focuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativity

andplexmunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoa

betterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsand

helpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Online

educationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.It

couldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.

Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbe

abletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

Thechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlines

theneedfortheU.S・toreviveitsfadingbusiness

dynamism：Startingnewpaniesmustbemadeeasier.In

previouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,

entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingup

waystobinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3D

printersandvirtualrealityhaven11beeninvented

yet.TheU.S.needsthenewpaniesthatwillinvent

them.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthe

gapbetweencapitalineandlaborine,taxesandthe

safetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-

wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchas

theearnedinetaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：This

wouldboostines,encouragework,rewardpaniesfor

jobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigand

smalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbe

littleforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareers

upendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthat

areingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciesto

helpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentthe

authorsview?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfact

groundless.

[B]Optimists1opinionsonnewtechfindlittle

support.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobe

tackled

[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbe

avoided

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldput

moreemphasison

[A]creativepotential,

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individualneeds.

[D]cooperativespirit*

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimed

at

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D]preventingtheinegapfromwidening.

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblem

with

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

考研英语一阅读理解真题2

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohire

AlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthe

talkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe

suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin20XX.For

themostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,to

saytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthony

Tommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameas

suchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertis

parativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohad

advocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,calls

him"anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairofthe

formidableconductorabouthim.wAsadescriptionof

thenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathas

hithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerand

PierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckat

leastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisa

greatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,he

performsanimpressivevarietyofinteresting

positions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisit

AveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohear

interestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoisto

gotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownload

stillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes4

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsare

nosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthe

point.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyofthe

art-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmust

petenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,

theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassical

musiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsare

cheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuch

higherinartisticqualitythantoday'slive

performances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”at

atimeandplaceofthelistener,schoosing.The

widespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthus

broughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthe

traditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformers

toprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyet

availableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnew

musichasbeenwidelynoted：AlexRoss,a

classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasaman

whoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto"a

markedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization,wBut

whatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merely

expandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbe

enough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicareto

succeed,theymustfirstchangetherelationship

betweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenew

audienceithopstoattract.

214WelearnfromPara,1thatGilbert's

appointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable4

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevoted

concertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowing

istrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsin

quality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneral

public.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthe

Philharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtfuL

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled4

考研英语一阅读理解真题3

Text1

Inthe20XXfilmversionofTheDevilWears

Prada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,

scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthat

highfashiondoesn,taffecther,Priestlyexplains

howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweater

descendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto

departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhich

thepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusiness

couldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththe

feverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,Eliazabeth

Cline'sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion”.

Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhave

allowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,and

Uniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipate

demandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanless

wastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmore

profit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-conscious

consumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolast

onlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertise

that-andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.

Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,

Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashion

cycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoa

seasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,are

notlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95

knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaround

theworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,

orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,and

usemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld,sanswerto

consumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan's

TheOmnivoresDilemma.^Mass-produced

clothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,

yetisnon-durableandwasteful,wClineargues.

Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarments

ayear-about64itemsperperson-andnomatter

howmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroduced

herideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,

whosince20XXhasmadeallofherownclothes-and

beautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,it

tookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;her

examplecan'tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashionpanieshavemade

effortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandthe

environment-includingH&M,withitsgreen

ConsciousCollectionline-Clinebelieveslasting

changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.She

exhibitstheidealismmontomanyadvocatesof

sustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityis

aconstant；peoplewillonlystartshoppingmore

sustainablywhentheycan,taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurge

consumersto

[A]batunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is

closestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance*

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrom

thelaseparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignores

sustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordable

garments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friend1y

purchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

考研英语一阅读理解真题4

Text1

Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter”and

reduce“dependency,“GeorgeOrbome,Chancellorof

theExchequer,introducedtheuupfrontworksearch”

scheme.Onlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentre

withaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstart

lookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-

andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthan

fortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewill

nowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker's

allowance.aThosefirstfewdaysshouldbespent

lookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."he

claimed.redoingthesethingsbecauseweknow

theyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseon

benefitsgetintoworkfaster"Help?Really?On

firsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcerned

chancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,

pletewithareformswtoanobviouslyindulgent

systemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewly

unemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.What

motivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszeal

for^fundamentalfairnessw-protectingthetaxpayer,

controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemost

deservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting：youdon'tskipdownto

thejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedat

theprospectofdoublingyourinefromthegenerous

state.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologically

embarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimaland

extraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted；

yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardto

get.Youarenownotwanted；youarenowexcluded

fromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeand

structureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialineto

feedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshas

disappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhatthey

wantandtheanswerisalways：ajob.

ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofall

intodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucanget

it-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulge

yourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever­

tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefit

administrationsystemneverhappened.Theprinciple

ofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsure

yourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceive

unconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Even

theveryphraseajobseeker1sallowance”一

inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningthe

unemployedasaajobseekerwwhohadnomandatory-

righttoabenefitheorshehasearned