2024-2025学年上学期北京初中英语八年级期末模拟试卷2

第1页（共1页）2024-2025学年上学期北京初中英语八年级期末模拟试卷2一．选择题（共12小题）1．（2023秋•丰台区期末）LuXunisagreatwriterinChina.______wroteTheTrueStoryofAhQin1921.（）A．I B．You C．He D．She2．（2023秋•丰台区期末）ItmaybecoldandwetinHongKong______January.（）A．in B．at C．on D．to3．（2023秋•丰台区期末）TrytolistentoEnglishradio，______that'sgoodforyourpronunciation.（）A．so B．but C．because D．or4．（2023秋•丰台区期末）Forsomekids，playingfootballis______thanwatchingit.（）A．exciting B．moreexciting C．mostexciting D．themostexciting5．（2023秋•丰台区期末）Thesestairsarenotsafe.You______usethem.（）A．mustn't B．must C．needn't D．can6．（2023秋•丰台区期末）Thousandsofathletes（运动员）______toHangzhoufortheAsianGameslastautumn.（）A．go B．went C．aregoing D．willgo7．（2023秋•通州区期末）Mybrother'sbirthdayiscomingandIwanttobuyabookfor______.（）A．you B．her C．us D．him8．（2023秋•通州区期末）TinawenttoShanghaiwithherparents______May2nd，2020.（）A．on B．in C．to D．at9．（2023秋•通州区期末）—Jim，______yougivemearubbishbag？—Sure.Hereyouare.（）A．must B．can C．should D．need10．（2023秋•通州区期末）Tomis_____boyinhisclass.（）A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．thetallest11．（2023秋•通州区期末）Exerciseimprovesourbonehealth，______weshouldmakeitahabit.（）A．but B．although C．so D．because12．（2023秋•通州区期末）—______willyoustayinyourgrandparents'home？—Forabouttwoweeks.（）A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howmuch D．Howsoon二．完形填空（共1小题）13．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）SaveWaterExtremeweatherisawarningtous.It'stimeforeveryonetotakeactionstoslowdownclimatechange.Wecandrive（1），plantmoretrees，savewater，buylessplasticanddolotsofotherthings.Hereisanexampleof（2）waterfromAustralia.InmyhometowninAustralia，therearedifferentlevelsofwaterrestrictions（规定）duringdrysummers.Theyban（禁止）orlimittheuseofwaterforoutdoorpurpose.Insomestates，theyare"permanent（永久的）".Onerestrictionwehaveistoonly（3）ourgardenoncertaindaysandcertaintimes.Wateringintheeveningsaveswaterbecausethesunislessstrongandthiscan（4）thewaterfromevaporating（蒸发）soquickly.Thesamegoesfor（5）yourcar.Ifpeople（6）therules，they'llfaceafine（罚款）.Apartfromtheserestrictions，peoplearealsoencouragedtosavewaterinotherways，likebytakingshortershowers.Youcouldevenbuya（7）eggtimerandstickitontheshowerwalltoremindyouwhenyourshowertimeisup.Twominutesseemsshort，but（8）yougetusedtoit，it'senough.Let'ssavewaterandcherishwater.（1）A.lessB.moreC.betterD.worse（2）A.wastingB.keepingC.usingD.saving（3）A.useB.affordC.expectD.water（4）A.harmB.hideC.stopD.speed（5）A.washingB.buyingC.repairingD.driving（6）A.keepB.makeC.discussD.break（7）A.two﹣hourB.two﹣minuteC.two﹣weekD.two﹣day（8）A.untilB.unlessC.onceD.before三．阅读理解（共5小题）14．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）Whenweseebabiesorpets，wecan'thelpgentlytouchingthemtoshowourlove.Andtheygiveushappyfeelingsback.Butarecentstudyshowsthatit'sdifferentforplants.Astudy，publishedinThePlantJournal，showsthatplantsdon't"like"tobetouched.That'sbecausetouchingchangestheirgenes（基因）and，evenworse，canslowtheirgrowth.ProfessorJimWhelanoftheLaTrobeInstituteinAustraliagaveanexplanation."Thelightesttouchfromahuman，animal，insect，orevenplantstouchingeachotherinthewind，leadstoahugegenechangeintheplant，"ScienceDailyreported.Inordertotestthetheory，thescientistsdidanexperimentonplants.Theygrewanumberofplantstotheageoffourweeks.Thentheytouchedthemwithapaintbrushevery12hoursovera36﹣hourperiod.Theyfoundthatasaresponsetothetouch，themitochondriaintheplantshadbeenpartlydestroyed.Themitochondria，asScienceAlertnoted，arethe"powerhouseofthecell".ThemitochondriaproduceenergyfortherestofthecellinbothanimalsandplantsIfthis"powerhouse"isweakened，theplantswilllosea.largeamountofenergythatshouldhavesupportedtheirgrowth.WhelanfurtherexplainedtoScienceDaily，"Ifthetouchingisrepeated，thenplantgrowthisreducedbyupto30percent."Althoughtheprocessdoeshaveastrongeffectonplants，usuallytheplantssurviveTouchingchangestheplants，butit'snotnecessarilyabadchange.AccordingtoScienceAlert，frequenttouchingormovingplantswillmakethemgrowshorterthanotherones.Theresearchersbelievethischange，insomeway，couldbehelpful.Itmayhelpplantsfightthreatstotheirhealthsuchasinsectsandbadweather.Thenewresearchfindingshaveledtoadeeperunderstandingoftheplants'responsetotouching.Andtheresearchmight"openupnewwaystoreducesensitivity（敏感性）andoptimize（优化）growthinthefuture"，ScienceAlertreported.（1）Whydidthescientistsdotheexperiment？A.Tofindoutwhysomeplantsgrowmoreslowlythanothers.B.Totestiftouchingcanchangethegenesofplants.C.Toshowthatplants'andanimals'genesaredifferent.D.Toexplainwhytouchinghasdifferenteffectsonplantsandanimals.（2）WhatisthemitochondriainParagraph5？A.Themitochondriaaretheresponsetothetouch.B.Themitochondriaarethepowerhouse.C.Themitochondriaaresomethingthatcanproduceenergyforthecellinbothanimalsandplants.D.Themitochondriaarehugegenechangesintheplant.（3）Whatdothescientiststhinkwhenplantsbecomeshorterbecauseoftouching？A.Theymaybecomebetteratfightingthreats.B.Theymaybemoreeasilyharmedbybadweather.C.Theymaybemorelikelytobeattackedbyinsects.D.Theymaybecomelesssensitivetotouchinglater.15．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）Thesedays，teenagersareheavilyinfluencedbythemedia.ManyofthemhavewatchedthousandsofhoursofTV.That'smoretimethantheyspendwithteachersatschool.Andwehaven'tyetconsideredthehourstheyspendusingtheInternetandreadingnewspapers.However，severalstudieshaveshownaseriousproblem：today'steenagerslackmedialiteracy（媒体素养）.Inotherwords，theyhavedifficultycriticallythinkingabouttheinformationtheysee.Onestudythatwasdoneonmiddleschoolstudentsshowedthatmorethan80percentofthemcouldn'ttellthedifferencebetweenrealstoriesandadsthatlookedlikenews.StaffordProfessorKevinJohnteachesaclasscalledMediaEffects.Hetriestohelphisstudentslearnmedialiteracy.Theprofessorgaveanexamplethatshowswhymedialiteracyisimportant.Intheexample，twonewsstationsreportasnowstorm.Onefocusesontheterribleroadconditions.Theotherfocusesonkidsplayinginthesnow."Withanewsstory，newsstationstellyoutheimportantdetails.Thesedetailsmostlydependontheopinionsofthenewsdirector，howhefeelsitorwhathethinksof"saidJohn."Apersonwhohasmedialiteracywouldrealizethateachstoryisaboutonesideatthistime.Thereismoregoingon."Someexpertsthinkschoolisthebestplacetoteachmedialiteracy.Othersbelieveeveryone﹣fromparentstoreporters﹣shouldhelpteenagerslearntheskills.Asforthebesttimetostartlearningmedialiteracy，manyexpertssuggesttheageof12.Butsomebasicideascanbetaughtevenearlier."It'snevertooearlytostartlearningmedialiteracy，"Johnsaid.（1）Fromthefirstparagraph，wecanlearnthatteenagerstodayspendmoretime.A.usingtheInternetthanwatchingTVB.watchingTVthanstudyingatschoolC.studyingatschoolthanreadingnewspapersD.usingtheInternetthanreadingnewspapers（2）Theexampleshowsthatapersonwhohasmedialiteracyaboutanewsstory.A.shouldhavethesameopinionsasothersB.couldthinkaboutitsgoodandbadsidesC.mustknowaboutalltheimportantdetailsD.canknowwhatisreallyhappening（3）Themainideaofthepassageis.A.howtodevelopteenagers'medialiteracyB.whereteenagersshouldbetaughtmedialiteracyC.whyteenagersaresupposedtohavemedialiteracyD.whentoteachteenagers'medialiteracy16．（2023秋•东城区期末）Hankiscleverandcarefulabouthiswork.Chipisartisticandtakeschanceswithhisprojects.HanklikesChip.Butwhentheirteacheraskedthemtoworkonabookreporttogether，Hankwasunhappy."Ithinkweshoulddothebookreportlikeashow，"Chipsaid.HewasveryexcitedtoworkwithHank，becauseHankalwaysgotgoodgrades."Butitisnotashow，"Hankremindedhim."Itisabookreport.Wehavetowriteitdown.""Wewillwriteitdown，"Chipsaid."Butinsteadofreadingitinfrontoftheclass，wewillactitout!Wecanpresent（展示）thebookreportlikeit'saplay.Ormaybewecansingit!"Hankdidnotwanttosinghisbookreport.ThateveninghetoldhisparentsaboutChip."IdonotwanttoworkwithChip，"Hanksaid."Idon'tthinkChipunderstandswhatabookreportis.""YourteachertoldyoutoworkwithChip，andthatiswhatyoumustdo，"Hank'sfathersaid."Thistaskisnotjustaboutreadingabookandwritingareport.Itisaboutworkingwithsomeoneelsetogetajobdone，evenifyouhavedifferences."Thenextday，assoonasHankwalkedintotheclassroom，Chipcameuptohim."Ihaveanidea!"Chipcriedout."Let'sdrawourbookreportlikeacomic（连环画）!"Hankwasnotsureaboutthisidea.Butherememberedwhathisfathersaid."Wewillreadthebookandtalkaboutittogether，anddecidewhatwewanttosay，"Chipsaid."Thenyouwillsaysomeofitwithwords，andIwillsaysomeofitwithpictures!"Theboysworkedontheirbookreportallweek.Theirteacherwasveryhappywiththeirwork.NowHankandChiparegoodfriends，andHankalwaysenjoysworkingwithChip.（1）HankwasunhappyaboutworkingwithChipatfirstbecause.A.hedidn'tlikeChipB.hegotworsegradesthanChipC.Chipdidn'twanttoworkwithhimD.Chipalwaysthoughtofunusualideas（2）HowdidHankandChipfinallydothebookreport？A.Bysinging.B.Byreadingtheirwriting.C.Throughashow.D.Throughwordsandpictures.（3）Fromhisexperience，Hanklearnedabout.A.thepowerofbeingkindB.theimportanceofteamworkC.thefunofdoingabookreportD.theadvantageofbeingdifferent17．（2023秋•东城区期末）Therearemanyaspects（方面）tolanguagelearning，suchashowtosaywords，whichwordstochoose，andwhatformofwordstouse.Alloftheseaspectstogethercanmakelearningaforeignlanguageverydifficult.Buttherearesomepointsthatmightmakeiteasier，andmorefun.First，don'tworrytoomuchaboutpronouncingwordsthewrongway.Pronunciationisimportant，ofcourse.Ithelpsthelistenertounderstandwhatissaidmoreclearly.However，themostimportantstepinlearninganewlanguageistopracticespeakingit.Likelearninganynewskill（技能），practicemakesperfect.Andwhenyoupracticespeakingthenewlanguage，thenativespeaker（说本族语的人）usuallythinkshighlyofyourhardworkandisreadytohelpimproveyourpronunciation.Second，don'tbeafraidtoguessthemeaningofwhatsomeonesays.Therewillbealotofwordstolearnwhilestudyingaforeignlanguage.Infact，therearetensofthousandsofdifferentwordsinEnglish.Andawordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thesamegoeswithanyotherlanguage.Itisimpossibletoknowallthewordsandallthemeanings.Useclues（提示）toguessthemeaningofwhatotherssay.Whenmeetingapersonthatsays"Hola"andwaveshisorherhand，onemightguessthatthepersonisgivingagreeting.Itisnotimportantatthatmomenttoknowtheexactmeaning.Withmorepracticeofguessingthemeaningofnewwords，yourvocabularywillincrease.Third，don'tlosehope.Learninganewlanguagealwaystakestime.Manywillgiveuplearningbecauselearningalloftherulesofanotherlanguageistoohardorboring.Somemaythinkthatotherpeoplewillmakefunofthemformakingmistakes.Butit'sOKtomakemistakes.Nobodyisperfect，afterall.Don'tgiveupandkeeptrying.Intheend，learninganewlanguagecanbedifficult，butrememberthatitcanhavegreatbenefits（益处）.Learninganewlanguagedoesn'tjustmeantheabilitytospeakinthatdifferentlanguage.Itcanalsoincludemakingnewfriends，experiencingnewadventuresinadifferentculture，andtastingnewfoods!（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.Englishhasmorewordsthananyotherlanguage.B.Nativespeakersthinkhighlyofperfectpronunciation.C.Guessingthemeaningofnewwordsisanimportantskill.D.Learninggrammarrulesiseasierthanlearningpronunciation.（2）Thewritersuggestsaforeignlanguagelearnershould.A.gotoaforeigncountrytolearnitB.feelrelaxedaboutmakingmistakesC.rememberasmanywordsaspossibleD.findinterestingwaystolearntherules（3）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout？A.Adviceforlearningaforeignlanguage.B.Reasonsforlearningaforeignlanguage.C.Difficultiesinlearningaforeignlanguage.D.Advantagesoflearningaforeignlanguage.18．（2023秋•昌平区期末）Allanimalscommunicate.Crabswavetheirclawstoshowthatthey'rehealthyandreadytomate.Beesdanceinaspecialwaytoletotherbeesknowwheretofindfood.Alloftheseanimalshaveamazingcommunicationways，butdotheyhavelanguage？Toanswerthatquestion，wecanlookatthefollowingkeypointsoflanguage.●Putdifferentunitsintonewordertoshownewideas，likerearranging（重新排列）asetofletterstomakedifferentwords.●Placetheseunitsingrammaticalorder.●Uselanguagetopassonalargenumberofmessages.●Talkaboutthingsthataren'tinfrontofus，suchaspast，future，orunrealevents.Doesanimalcommunicationshowanyofthesepoints？Forcrabs，theanswerisno.Theydon'tputtheirunitstogetherincreativeways.Thoseunitsalsodon'thavetobeingrammaticalorder，andtheyonlycommunicatetheirliferightnow，like"Iamhealthy，"or"Iamsick".Butsomeanimalsactuallyshowsomeofthesepoints.Beesusedifferentmovestoshowwherethefoodis.Warningsfromsomedogsshowthesize，shapeandspeedoftheanimalsandpeoplethatmaybedetrimentaltothem.Theirwarningsevenpasstheinformationlikewhatpeoplearewearingandwhetherhe'scarryingagun.Somegorillas（大猩猩）haveevenlearnedbodylanguage.Sometimestheyputtheirarmsuptoshowtheirdominance（支配地位）.Whilethesecommunicationwaysmayhavesomecommonpointsoflanguage，noneshowallfour.Evengorillas'amazingabilitiesarestillnotasgoodasthelanguageskillsofmostthree﹣year﹣oldhumans.Andanimalsusuallytalkaboutfewthings.Beestalkaboutfoodandcrabstalkaboutthemselves.Asanimalcommunicationcan'tshowallthekeypointsoflanguage，scientistsbelievethatthereisnoreallanguageamonganimals.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutanimalcommunicationfromthepassage？A.Crabstalkaboutdifferentkindsofthingsinlife.B.Dogs'warningsshowwhatapersonwearsandsays.C.Gorillasputtheirarmsuptoshowtheirruleoverothers.D.Bees'specialdancesandsongscantelltheplacesoffood.（2）Theword"detrimental"inParagraph8probablymeans"".A.patientB.harmfulC.unusualDunexplained（3）Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage？A.DoAnimalsHaveLanguage？B.WhyDoAnimalsTalkDifferently？C.FourKeyPointsinLanguageD.WaysofAnimalCommunication四．任务型阅读（共1小题）19．（2023秋•丰台区期末）信息匹配。请根据1﹣3小题中所描述的Steven，Lily和Jessie三个人的特点，帮助他们进行选择，并将对应的序号A、B、C填写在相应的位置上。Wintervacationiscoming.PleasehelpSteven，LilyandJessiechoosethewintercampstheycanjoininChina.A.SnowCampDoyouwanttoenjoytheexcitementinsnow？Imaginesliding（滑）downmountainswitheverywheresilver（银色）freely.BothEnglishandChinesecoachesareavailable（可选择的）.Cometojoinourwintercamp.Age7﹣18SonghuaLakeResort（度假胜地），Jilin7DaysJan.22﹣28B.TheSilk（丝绸）RoadCampAreyouinterestedinthehistoryoftheSilkRoadandancient（古代的）capitalofChina？CometoexperiencetheChineseculturewithus.Youwillhaveawonderfultimeinthiscamp.Age10﹣15Age6﹣9withparentsXi'an，Shaanxi5DaysJan.29﹣Feb.2C.RainForestCampDoyouhopetoknowmoreabouttheAsianelephantsandamazinginsects（昆虫）inrainforest？CometothesouthwestofChinatomeetus.Let'sopentheworldofwildlifetogether.Age8﹣18Age5﹣7withparentsXishuangbanna，Yunnan6DaysFeb.18﹣23（1）Stevenis7yearsoldandinterestedinwildanimals.Hecanchoosewithhisparents.（2）LilyisaChinesefan.ShewantstoknowmoreabouttheancientChineseculture.Soisagoodchoiceforher.（3）JessielikesdoingsportsverymuchandshealsowantstoimproveherChineseinthewintercamp，soshecanchoose.五．翻译题（共4小题）20．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）来北京最好的时间是秋天。（thebesttime）21．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）她一到家就会给我打电话。（assoonas）22．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）昨晚爸爸在做饭，我和妈妈在看电视。（while）23．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）这太黑了，她什么也看不见。（so...that）六．书面表达（共1小题）24．（2023秋•通州区期末）某英文网站正在开展以"朋友间互相帮助"为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你和朋友互相帮助的经历，主要内容包括：你曾经做了什么事情来帮助你的朋友，你的朋友曾经做了什么事情来帮助你，以及你的感受。不少于50词。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。提示词语：help，friend，study，happy提示问题：●Whatdidyoudotohelpyourfriend？●Whatdidyourfrienddotohelpyou？●Howdidyoufeel？Itisimportantforfriendstohelpeachother._____________________________________________

2024-2025学年上学期北京初中英语八年级期末典型试卷2参考答案与试题解析一．选择题（共12小题）1．（2023秋•丰台区期末）LuXunisagreatwriterinChina.______wroteTheTrueStoryofAhQin1921.（）A．I B．You C．He D．She【考点】人称代词的主格．【答案】C【分析】鲁迅是中国的一位伟大的作家。他在1921年写了《阿Q正传》。【解答】I我；you你；he他；she她，都是人称代词。根据前句句意"鲁迅是中国的一位伟大的作家"和常识可知，鲁迅是男性，用人称代词he代替鲁迅，在后句中作主语。故选：C。【点评】考查人称代词，要牢记人称代词的词义及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案。2．（2023秋•丰台区期末）ItmaybecoldandwetinHongKong______January.（）A．in B．at C．on D．to【考点】时间介词．【答案】A【分析】香港一月份可能又冷又湿。【解答】at后跟时间点；on后跟具体日期；in后跟年、月或季节；to朝，向。January（1月）指具体月份，前面用介词in。故选：A。【点评】熟悉时间介词，根据所给选项解答即可。3．（2023秋•丰台区期末）TrytolistentoEnglishradio，______that'sgoodforyourpronunciation.（）A．so B．but C．because D．or【考点】原因状语从句．【答案】C【分析】尽量去听英文广播，因为这样做对你的发音有好处。【解答】A.so因此；B.but但是；C.because因为；D.or否则，或者。根据TrytolistentoEnglishradio...that'sgoodforyourpronunciation.（尽量去听英文广播这样做对你的发音有好处。）可知，此处后半句是前半句的原因。故选：C。【点评】根据上下文选择恰当逻辑连词补全句子。4．（2023秋•丰台区期末）Forsomekids，playingfootballis______thanwatchingit.（）A．exciting B．moreexciting C．mostexciting D．themostexciting【考点】形容词的比较级．【答案】B【分析】对一些孩子来说，踢足球比看足球更刺激。【解答】exciting令人激动的；选项B是比较级形式；选项C是最高级形式；选项D的意思是"非常令人激动"。根据句中的than（比）可知空格上应使用比较级形式，因此本题正确答案是B。故选：B。【点评】解答本题需根据句中的than确定使用比较级形式，再根据所给选项的不同形式选取正确答案。5．（2023秋•丰台区期末）Thesestairsarenotsafe.You______usethem.（）A．mustn't B．must C．needn't D．can【考点】must的用法．【答案】A【分析】这些楼梯不安全。你禁止使用它们。【解答】A禁止；B必须；C没必要；D可能，可以。根据Thesestairsarenotsafe.（这些楼梯不安全。）可知是你禁止使用它们。选项A符合语境。故选：A。【点评】考查must用法，分析题干，选出答案。6．（2023秋•丰台区期末）Thousandsofathletes（运动员）______toHangzhoufortheAsianGameslastautumn.（）A．go B．went C．aregoing D．willgo【考点】一般过去时．【答案】B【分析】去年秋天，成千上万的运动员去杭州参加亚运会。【解答】根据时间状语lastautumn可知句子的时态为一般过去时。A一般现在时；B一般过去时；C现在进行时；D一般将来时。故选：B。【点评】根据时间状语确定句子的时态，分析选项，结合句意选择正确答案。7．（2023秋•通州区期末）Mybrother'sbirthdayiscomingandIwanttobuyabookfor______.（）A．you B．her C．us D．him【考点】人称代词的宾格．【答案】D【分析】我弟弟的生日快到了，我想给他买一本书。【解答】you你，人称代词主格/宾格；her她/她的，人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词；us我们，人称代词宾格；him他，人称代词宾格；分析句子可知，此处位于介词for之后作宾语，应使用人称代词宾格，buysth.forsb."给某人买某物"；根据Mybrother'sbirthdayiscoming（我弟弟的生日快到了）可知是给弟弟买一本书，弟弟是男的，对应的人称代词宾格是him。故选：D。【点评】掌握人称代词宾格用法，结合语境，认真分析，得出答案。8．（2023秋•通州区期末）TinawenttoShanghaiwithherparents______May2nd，2020.（）A．on B．in C．to D．at【考点】时间介词．【答案】A【分析】缇娜于2020年五月二号和她的父母一起去了上海。【解答】in用于年、月、季节前，也可用在表示泛指的早上、晚上、下午前。如：inspring在春天，inSeptember在九月，in2019在2019年，inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上。on用于具体的某一天或具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上。如：onChineseNewYear'sEve在除夕，onSundaymorning在周日早晨。at用于某个假期期间（不指具体的某一天）或具体的几点钟。如：atChineseNewYear在春节期间，atfiveo'clock在五点。to朝着，对于。根据空后May2nd，2020（2020年五月二号）指具体的某一天，用on。故选：A。【点评】考查介词，分析题干，选出答案。9．（2023秋•通州区期末）—Jim，______yougivemearubbishbag？—Sure.Hereyouare.（）A．must B．can C．should D．need【考点】can/could的用法．【答案】B【分析】—吉姆，你能给我一个垃圾袋吗？—当然。给你。【解答】must必须；can能；should应该；need需要。分析句意应为"你能给我一个垃圾袋吗"，can符合题意。故选：B。【点评】掌握情态动词的意思和用法，分析选项，结合句意选择正确答案。10．（2023秋•通州区期末）Tomis_____boyinhisclass.（）A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．thetallest【考点】形容词的最高级．【答案】D【分析】汤姆是他班里最高的男孩。【解答】比较范围"inhisclass"为三者或者以上，用最高级，tall为形容词，其前加the。故选：D。【点评】首先弄明白所缺失部分的准确含义，然后滚局具体语境，确定合适的形式进行作答。11．（2023秋•通州区期末）Exerciseimprovesourbonehealth，______weshouldmakeitahabit.（）A．but B．although C．so D．because【考点】表示因果关系的连词．【答案】C【分析】锻炼可以促进骨骼健康，所以我们应该养成锻炼的习惯。【解答】but但是；although虽然、尽管；so因此；because因为。根据题干"Exerciseimprovesourbonehealth，...weshouldmakeitahabit."（锻炼可以促进骨骼健康，……我们应该养成锻炼的习惯。）可知，前后句之间表达的是因果关系，前面是原因，后面是结果，所以应用so来填空。故选：C。【点评】辨析每个选项的含义，结合语境，选择正确答案。12．（2023秋•通州区期末）—______willyoustayinyourgrandparents'home？—Forabouttwoweeks.（）A．Howlong B．Howoften C．Howmuch D．Howsoon【考点】时段．【答案】A【分析】——你会住在你祖父母家多长时间？——大约两周。【解答】A多长时间，询问时间段；多长，询问物体的长度；B多久一次，询问频率；C多少，询问价格及不可数名词数量；D多久以后，询问in+时间段。根据下文Forabouttwoweeks.（大约两周。）表示时间段，可知使用howlong提问。故选：A。【点评】分析选项的意思，结合语境确定答案。二．完形填空（共1小题）13．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）SaveWaterExtremeweatherisawarningtous.It'stimeforeveryonetotakeactionstoslowdownclimatechange.Wecandrive（1）A，plantmoretrees，savewater，buylessplasticanddolotsofotherthings.Hereisanexampleof（2）DwaterfromAustralia.InmyhometowninAustralia，therearedifferentlevelsofwaterrestrictions（规定）duringdrysummers.Theyban（禁止）orlimittheuseofwaterforoutdoorpurpose.Insomestates，theyare"permanent（永久的）".Onerestrictionwehaveistoonly（3）Dourgardenoncertaindaysandcertaintimes.Wateringintheeveningsaveswaterbecausethesunislessstrongandthiscan（4）Cthewaterfromevaporating（蒸发）soquickly.Thesamegoesfor（5）Ayourcar.Ifpeople（6）Dtherules，they'llfaceafine（罚款）.Apartfromtheserestrictions，peoplearealsoencouragedtosavewaterinotherways，likebytakingshortershowers.Youcouldevenbuya（7）Beggtimerandstickitontheshowerwalltoremindyouwhenyourshowertimeisup.Twominutesseemsshort，but（8）Cyougetusedtoit，it'senough.Let'ssavewaterandcherishwater.（1）A.lessB.moreC.betterD.worse（2）A.wastingB.keepingC.usingD.saving（3）A.useB.affordC.expectD.water（4）A.harmB.hideC.stopD.speed（5）A.washingB.buyingC.repairingD.driving（6）A.keepB.makeC.discussD.break（7）A.two﹣hourB.two﹣minuteC.two﹣weekD.two﹣day（8）A.untilB.unlessC.onceD.before【考点】说明文；环境保护．【答案】ADDCADBC【分析】短文主要写了澳大利亚的水资源紧缺问题以及人们如何节约用水的方法。文章提到了干旱季节实行的不同级别的用水限制措施，包括禁止或限制户外用水，并且强调了晚上浇水和短时间洗澡等节水方法。文章呼吁人们共同努力节约用水，珍惜水资源。【解答】（1）考查形容词比较级。句意：我们可以少开车，多种树，节约用水，少用塑料，做许多其它事情。A更少的；B更多的；C更好的；D更差的。根据句意可知减少污染需要少开车。故选A。（2）考查动名词。句意：下面是一些澳大利亚节水的例子。A浪费；B保持；C使用；D节约。根据句意可知此处表示"节约"。故选D。（3）考查动词。句意：其中一个规定是我们只在特定的日子和固定的次数浇花园。A使用；B负担得起；C期待；D浇水。根据Wateringintheevening（晚上浇水）可知此处指"浇水"。故选D。（4）考查动词。句意：晚上浇水可以节约用水因为阳光没有那么强，这样可以阻止水分蒸发得快。A伤害；B隐藏；C停止；D加速。stopsb./sth.fromdoing阻止某人/某物做，固定短语。故选C。（5）考查动名词。句意：洗车也是一样的。A洗；B买；C修理；D驾驶。根据句意可知此处指晚上洗车也可以节水。故选A。（6）考查动词。句意：如果人们不遵守规则，他们将面临罚款。A保持；B制作；C讨论；D打破。根据句意可知此处表示不遵守会被罚款。故选D。（7）考查形容词。句意：你应该买一个两分钟的计时器，粘贴在墙上，提醒你洗澡时间。A两小时的；B两分钟的；C两周的；D两天的。根据Twominutesseemsshort（两分钟似乎很短）可知此处指两分钟的计时器。故选B。（8）考查连词。句意：两分钟似乎很短，但一旦你适应了，这就够了。A直到；B除非；C一旦；D在之前。根据句意，可知此处表示"一旦"。故选C。【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。三．阅读理解（共5小题）14．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）Whenweseebabiesorpets，wecan'thelpgentlytouchingthemtoshowourlove.Andtheygiveushappyfeelingsback.Butarecentstudyshowsthatit'sdifferentforplants.Astudy，publishedinThePlantJournal，showsthatplantsdon't"like"tobetouched.That'sbecausetouchingchangestheirgenes（基因）and，evenworse，canslowtheirgrowth.ProfessorJimWhelanoftheLaTrobeInstituteinAustraliagaveanexplanation."Thelightesttouchfromahuman，animal，insect，orevenplantstouchingeachotherinthewind，leadstoahugegenechangeintheplant，"ScienceDailyreported.Inordertotestthetheory，thescientistsdidanexperimentonplants.Theygrewanumberofplantstotheageoffourweeks.Thentheytouchedthemwithapaintbrushevery12hoursovera36﹣hourperiod.Theyfoundthatasaresponsetothetouch，themitochondriaintheplantshadbeenpartlydestroyed.Themitochondria，asScienceAlertnoted，arethe"powerhouseofthecell".ThemitochondriaproduceenergyfortherestofthecellinbothanimalsandplantsIfthis"powerhouse"isweakened，theplantswilllosea.largeamountofenergythatshouldhavesupportedtheirgrowth.WhelanfurtherexplainedtoScienceDaily，"Ifthetouchingisrepeated，thenplantgrowthisreducedbyupto30percent."Althoughtheprocessdoeshaveastrongeffectonplants，usuallytheplantssurviveTouchingchangestheplants，butit'snotnecessarilyabadchange.AccordingtoScienceAlert，frequenttouchingormovingplantswillmakethemgrowshorterthanotherones.Theresearchersbelievethischange，insomeway，couldbehelpful.Itmayhelpplantsfightthreatstotheirhealthsuchasinsectsandbadweather.Thenewresearchfindingshaveledtoadeeperunderstandingoftheplants'responsetotouching.Andtheresearchmight"openupnewwaystoreducesensitivity（敏感性）andoptimize（优化）growthinthefuture"，ScienceAlertreported.（1）Whydidthescientistsdotheexperiment？BA.Tofindoutwhysomeplantsgrowmoreslowlythanothers.B.Totestiftouchingcanchangethegenesofplants.C.Toshowthatplants'andanimals'genesaredifferent.D.Toexplainwhytouchinghasdifferenteffectsonplantsandanimals.（2）WhatisthemitochondriainParagraph5？CA.Themitochondriaaretheresponsetothetouch.B.Themitochondriaarethepowerhouse.C.Themitochondriaaresomethingthatcanproduceenergyforthecellinbothanimalsandplants.D.Themitochondriaarehugegenechangesintheplant.（3）Whatdothescientiststhinkwhenplantsbecomeshorterbecauseoftouching？DA.Theymaybecomebetteratfightingthreats.B.Theymaybemoreeasilyharmedbybadweather.C.Theymaybemorelikelytobeattackedbyinsects.D.Theymaybecomelesssensitivetotouchinglater.【考点】说明文；科普知识．【答案】BCD【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了植物不喜欢被触摸，因为触摸会改变它们的基因，甚至会减缓它们的生长。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段Inordertotestthetheory，thescientistsdidanexperimentonplants.（为了验证这一理论，科学家们在植物上做了一个实验。）可知，科学家们做这个实验的目的是测试触摸是否能改变植物的基因。B项符合原文表述。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据第五段Themitochondriaproduceenergyfortherestofthecellinbothanimalsandplants.（可以为动物和植物的细胞产生能量.）可知，mitochondria就是可以为动物和植物的细胞产生能量的东西，C项符合语境。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Andtheresearchmight"openupnewwaystoreducesensitivity（敏感性）andoptimize（优化）growthinthefuture.（这项研究可能"为降低敏感性和优化未来增长开辟新的途径"）可知，当植物因为触摸而变短时，科学家们会认为它们以后可能对触摸不那么敏感。D项符合语境。故选D。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。15．（2023秋•东城区校级期末）Thesedays，teenagersareheavilyinfluencedbythemedia.ManyofthemhavewatchedthousandsofhoursofTV.That'smoretimethantheyspendwithteachersatschool.Andwehaven'tyetconsideredthehourstheyspendusingtheInternetandreadingnewspapers.However，severalstudieshaveshownaseriousproblem：today'steenagerslackmedialiteracy（媒体素养