吉林省吉林市普通高中友好学校2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

2/2吉林地区普通高中友好学校基础年段期末联考(2022—2023学年度上学期)高二英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷答题时间为**分钟，满分**分。2.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。3.考生作答时务必将选择题答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡指定位置上，将非选择题答案写在答题卡指定位置上;在本试卷上答题无效。4.考试完成后，将答题卡上交，其它试卷考生自己留存。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howcanpeopletraveltoday?A.Byair.B.Byship.C.Bytrain.2.Whatwillthemandoonhisbirthday?A.Gooutforameal.B.Seeamovie.C.Haveaparty.3.Whyisthewomansurprised?A.Theshirtisveryexpensive.B.Herhusbandwantsfourshirts.C.Themandoesn’tagreewithher.4.Whowillpayforthemeal?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Thewoman’ssister.5.Whichsportdoesthemanprefernow?A.Tennis.B.Basketball.C.Football.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.7.Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothdesigners.B.TheyarebothintheITindustry.C.Theyworkforthesamecompany.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whichpartofherjobdoesthewomanfindthemostdifficult?A.Usingthecomputersystem.B.Speakinginpublic.C.Takingsomuchtraining.9.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Tellherbossaboutherproblem.B.Leashmorefromothers.C.Changeherjob听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10WhydoesthewomancallthemanA.Toborrowhiscar.B.ToborrowsomemoneyC．Toaskfordirection11.Whatwasthemandoingbeforethecall?A.Playinggames.B.WatchingTV.C.Readingabook.12.WhathappenedtoBob?A.Hehadacaraccident.B.Helosthisway.C.Hehurtsomebody.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatwillthemandrink?A.Tea.B.Milk.C.Coffee.14.Whendidthemanlastseethewoman?A.Aboutamonthago.B.Abouttwomonthsago.C.Aboutthreemonthsago.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atabarber’s.B.Atacafe.C.Atthewoman’shouse16.Whatwillthewomandoforthemannext?A.Washhishair.B.Fetchhisdrink.C.Cleanhiscollar.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanyscreenplaysdidPinterwriteforthecinema?A.29.B.28.C.27.18.WhenwastheplayTheBirthdayPartyfirstperformedinLondon?A.OnApril28th,1958.B.OnMay19th,1958.C.OnDecember24th,1958.19.Whosebirthdaypartywasruined?A.StanleyWebber’s.B.Goldberg’s.C.McCann’s.20.HowlongdidHaroldPinterlive?A.50years.B.62years.C.78years.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFamilyProgramsattheNationalGalleryofArtarebasedonaphilosophyofdevelopingobservationandthinkingskills,andinspiringcuriosityandwonder.Pleasenotethatsomeprogramsrequireadvanceregistration.■VirtualArtfulConversationsFindoutwhatyoucandiscoverwhenyouspendanhourexploringasingleworkofart!Eachmonth,ourmuseumeducatorsandspecialguestswillleada60-minuteguideddiscussionofamasterpiecefromtheNationalGallery’scollection.Registrationisrequiredforthisfreeprogram.Adultsmustattendthesessionalongsidechildren(ages7-12).■ArtInvestigatorsThisfreeprogramhelpschildren(ages4-7)makecarefulobservations,analyzeartists’choices,andusetheirimaginationwhileexploringworksofart.Ledbymuseumeducators,eachprogramincludesreadingachildren’sbook,exploringoneworkofartinthegalleries,andcompletingasimplehands-onactivity.Eachprogramisapproximately60minutes.■FamilyWorkshopsWorkshopsprovidetheopportunitytoexploreartists’thinking.Taughtbymuseumeducators,eachworkshopincludesaconversationinthegalleries.FamilyWorkshopsaredesignedforchildren(ages8-11)andadultstoparticipateintogether.Workshopsarefreebutpreregistrationisrequired.Sign-languageinterpretationisavailableforFamilyWorkshops.■StorytimeTogetherwe’llreadabookaloud,moveandplay.Wewelcomeallages.Thefeaturedchildren’sbookwillbereadinbothEnglishandSpanish.Advanceregistrationisnotrequired.Storytimeisfreeofcharge.1.WhatcanyoudoinVirtualArtfulConversations?A.Makeaworkofart. B.Analyseartists'thinking.C.Haveaguideddiscussion. D.LearnbothEnglishandSpanish.2.Whichprogramisthemostsuitableforthosewholovehandwork?A.VirtualArtfulConversations. B.ArtInvestigators.C.FamilyWorkshops. D.Storytime.3.Whatdotheseprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyareallfreeofcharge. B.Theyalllastabout60minutes.C.Theyareallpopularwithparents. D.Theyallneedadvanceregistration.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了国家美术馆的一些家庭项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据VirtualArtfulConversations部分的“Eachmonth,ourmuseumeducatorsandspecialguestswillleada60-minuteguideddiscussionofamasterpiecefromtheNationalGallery'scollection.(每个月，我们的博物馆教育工作者和特别嘉宾将带领大家进行60分钟的引导讨论，讨论国家美术馆的一件藏品中的杰作。)”可知，在VirtualArtfulConversations这个项目中，你可以进行有引导的讨论。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ArtInvestigators部分的“Ledbymuseumeducators,eachprogramincludesreadingachildren’sbook,exploringoneworkofartinthegalleries,andcompletingasimplehands-onactivity.(在博物馆教育工作者的带领下，每个项目包括阅读一本儿童读物，探索画廊中的一件艺术作品，并完成一个简单的动手活动。)”可知，ArtInvestigators这个项目最适合喜欢手工的人。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据VirtualArtfulConversations部分的“Registrationisrequiredforthisfreeprogram.(这个免费的项目需要登记)”、ArtInvestigators部分的“Thisfreeprogramhelpschildren(这个免费的项目帮助孩子)”、FamilyWorkshops部分的“Workshopsarefreebutpreregistrationisrequired.(工作坊免费，但需预先登记。)”、Storytime部分的“Storytimeisfreeofcharge.(故事时间是免费的。)”可知，这些项目的共同之处是它们都是免费的。故选A。BSincetheCOVID-19pandemic,manyofushavedecidedtogetourhandsdirtyandgetintogardening,butdidindoorplantspurify(净化)air?Inanoften-cited1989NASAreport,ascientistBillWolvertonclaimedthathouseholdplantscouldprovidea“promisingeconomicalsolutiontoindoorairpollution.”However,morerecentresearcheshavepouredcoldwaterontheidea.Scientistsstudyingtheeffectivenessofindoorplantsforthepassiveremovalofairpollution,foundhouseplantsmake“atbest,modestcontributionsofabout0.9-9%toindoorpollutionremovaleffectiveness,”theyreportedin2017intheJournalofBuildingandEnvironment.Thetests,performedinalaboratorytosimulatetheeffectsonatypicalU.S.home,foundhouseplantshardlyaffectedtheenvironment.Tomakeameaningfuldifferencetotheairqualityofyourhome,you’dneedtofillaroomfromtoptobottomwithplants,theysuggest,Whileasinglespiderplantwon’tpurifytheair,agreenwallcoveredinplantsjustmight,foundscientistsinastudypublishedin2020intheJournalofEnvironmentalManagement.Whilethebenefitsofplantspurifyingtheairarelesscertain,arecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversityfindsthatgardeningisbeneficialforphysicalandmentalhealth.Anotherstudyfoundthatindoorgardeningloweredstressresponsescomparedtothedemandsofcompletingacomputertask.Althoughplantscanmakeyourhomeamorepleasantenvironmentandtakingcareofthemcanhavementalhealthbenefits,it’sunlikelythey’lldomuchtopurifytheair-unlessyou’regoingtobuyhundreds.Soifyou’reconcernedaboutairqualityinyourhome,we’lladviseyoutoinvestinanairpurifier.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthe1989NASAreport?A.Itagreedwiththelatestresearch.B.Itsuggestedplantspurifiedindoorair.C.Ithadagreatimpactontheeconomy.D.Itprovidedmuchevidenceforexperiments.5.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Therecentstudiesonairquality. B.Comparisonbetweengardeningtasks.C.Professors’viewsonindoorpollution. D.Thehealthybenefitsofgardening.6.Howshouldweremoveindoorairpollutionaccordingtothetext?A.Byusinganairpurifier. B.Bygrowingparticularplants.C.Byimprovinggardeningskills. D.Bydecoratingwallswithplants.7.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A.SportsandAmusement B.LifeandFashionC.DailyScienceandTechnology D.CommercialandAdvertisement【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明，室内植物对环境几乎没有影响，但是园艺确实对身心健康都有好处。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Inanoften-cited1989NASAreport,ascientistBillWolvertonclaimedthathouseholdplantscouldprovidea“promisingeconomicalsolutiontoindoorairpollution.”However,morerecentresearcheshavepouredcoldwaterontheidea.(在一份经常被引用的1989年美国宇航局的报告中，科学家BillWolverton声称，家用植物可以为“室内空气污染提供一种有前途的经济解决方案”。然而，最近的研究给这个想法泼了一盆冷水。)”可知，1989年美国宇航局的报告认为家用植物可以净化空气。故选B。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段内容“Whilethebenefitsofplantspurifyingtheairarelesscertain,arecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversityfindsthatgardeningisbeneficialforphysicalandmentalhealth.Anotherstudyfoundthatindoorgardeningloweredstressresponsescomparedtothedemandsofcompletingacomputertask.(虽然植物净化空气的好处还不太确定，但普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究发现，园艺对身心健康都有好处。另一项研究发现，与完成电脑任务的要求相比，室内园艺可以降低压力反应。)”可知，第四段主要讲述的是园艺的健康益处。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Soifyou’reconcernedaboutairqualityinyourhome,we’lladviseyoutoinvestinanairpurifier.(所以，如果你担心家里的空气质量，我们会建议你投资一台空气净化器。)”可知，文章认为空气净化器可以改善家里的空气质量。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Inanoften-cited1989NASAreport,ascientistBillWolvertonclaimedthathouseholdplantscouldprovidea“promisingeconomicalsolutiontoindoorairpollution.”However,morerecentresearcheshavepouredcoldwaterontheidea.(在一份经常被引用的1989年美国宇航局的报告中，科学家BillWolverton声称，家用植物可以为“室内空气污染提供一种有前途的经济解决方案”。然而，最近的研究给这个想法泼了一盆冷水。)”可知，这篇文章是介绍了一项新的研究发现结果。所以这种文章极有可能刊登在报纸的科学部分。故选C。CThecoronaviruspandemic(新冠疫情)hasbroughtwithittheriseofanewkindofsingle-useplasticintheformofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE),likefacemasksandgloves.Expertswarnedthatthesesharplyincreasingsingle-useitemscouldcauseanewwaveofplasticpollutionandkillwildlife.ThecharityOceanConservancyreportedthatvolunteershadcollectedmorethan100,000PPEitemsfromcoastsandwaterwaysduringthelastsixmonthsof2020.Theysentoutasurveytomorethan200InternationalCoastalCleanup(ICC)coordinatorsandvolunteersaskingabouttheirexperiencewithPPE.Theresultsshowthatitisarealproblem.Volunteerscollected107,219piecesofPPEin70of115participatingcountries.Ofthosesurveyed,94%reportedseeingPPEatacleanup,and40%foundfiveitemsormore.Further,37%foundtheitemshadalreadysunkintothewater.“Duringoneofourclean-upsinthecanalsofLeiden,ourvolunteersfoundalatex(乳胶)glovewithadeadfishtrappedinthethumb,”saidAuke-FlorianHiemstra,astudycoauthorfromLeidenUniversity.“Also,intheDutchcanals,weobservedthatawaterbirdwasusingfacemasksandglovesinitsnests.”OtheranimalsthathavegottentangledupinfacemasksincludeafoxintheUK,apufferfishinFlorida,andtwocrabsinFrance.NumerousdogsandcatshavebeenobservedeatingPPEaswell.ThedangerposedbyPPEgoesdeeperthanwhattheeyecansee.Luckily,therearewaysthatallofuscanbepartofthesolutiontotheproblemofPPEpollution.HiemstrasuggestedusingreusablePPEinsteadofsingle-useproducts.Inthatcase,weshoulddealwiththemproperlybycuttingtheearloopstopreventanimalentanglements(缠绕物)andthrowingthemawayinabinthatisnotoverstuffed.“WedefinitelythinkitisimportantforcitizenstounderstandhowmuchPPEisendingupintheenvironmentandimpactinganimals,”Hiemstrasaid.8.Whatproblemdidexpertsmentioninparagraph1?A.Thedeclineofwildlifeduetooverhunting.B.Theshortageofpersonalprotectiveequipment.CTheplasticpollutioncausedbyanti-pandemicproducts.D.Theincreasingnumberofcoronaviruspatients.9.Whatdothenumbersinparagraph2mainlyshow?A.Theleadingcauseofoceanpollution.B.Volunteers’greateffortstoprotecttheocean.C.ThelargeamountofPPEintheenvironment.D.Difficultiesofcleaningupplasticwasteintheocean.10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.PPEpollutionhasthreatenedmanyanimals’lives.B.Littermakesithardforboatstopassthroughthecanals.C.Waterbirdsmaynotbeaffectedbyplasticpollution.D.PPEisattractivetodogsandcatsduetoitssmell.11.WhatisHiemstra’ssuggestionforreducingPPEpollution?A.Limitingtheproductionofnon-recyclableplastic.B.Cleaningtherubbishbinregularly.C.RaisingthepriceofPPEitems.D.Replacingsingle-useproductswithreusableones.【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍新冠疫情所带来的新的问题，新冠疫情带来了一种新型一次性塑料，即口罩和手套等个人防护装备的兴起，而这些急剧增加的一次性物品可能会引发新一轮塑料污染，并杀死野生动物。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thecoronaviruspandemic(新冠疫情)hasbroughtwithittheriseofanewkindofsingle-useplasticintheformofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE),likefacemasksandgloves.Expertswarnedthatthesesharplyincreasingsingle-useitemscouldcauseanewwaveofplasticpollutionandkillwildlife.(新冠疫情带来了一种新型一次性塑料，即口罩和手套等个人防护装备(PPE)的兴起。专家警告称，这些急剧增加的一次性物品可能会引发新一轮塑料污染，并杀死野生动物。)”可知，专家在第一段提到的问题是由个人防护装备带来的塑料污染。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ThecharityOceanConservancyreportedthatvolunteershadcollectedmorethan100,000PPEitemsfromcoastsandwaterwaysduringthelastsixmonthsof2020.Theysentoutasurveytomorethan200InternationalCoastalCleanup(ICC)coordinatorsandvolunteersaskingabouttheirexperiencewithPPE.Theresultsshowthatitisarealproblem.Volunteerscollected107,219piecesofPPEin70of115participatingcountries.Ofthosesurveyed,94%reportedseeingPPEatacleanup,and40%foundfiveitemsormore.Further,37%foundtheitemshadalreadysunkintothewater.(慈善机构海洋保护协会报告称，在2020年的最后六个月里，志愿者从海岸和水道收集了10万多件个人防护用品。他们向200多名国际海岸清理协调员和志愿者发送了一份调查，询问他们使用个人防护装备的经验。结果表明，这是一个真正的问题。志愿者在115个参与国家中的70个国家收集了107219件个人防护装备。在接受调查的人中，94%的人说在清理时看到了个人防护装备，40%的人发现了五件或更多。此外，37%的人发现这些物品已经沉入水中。)”中的数据可知，这些数据是为了告知读者环境中个人防护装备数量的巨大。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容““Duringoneofourclean-upsinthecanalsofLeiden,ourvolunteersfoundalatex(乳胶)glovewithadeadfishtrappedinthethumb,”saidAuke-FlorianHiemstra,astudycoauthorfromLeidenUniversity.“Also,intheDutchcanals,weobservedthatawaterbirdwasusingfacemasksandglovesinitsnests.”OtheranimalsthathavegottentangledupinfacemasksincludeafoxintheUK,apufferfishinFlorida,andtwocrabsinFrance.NumerousdogsandcatshavebeenobservedeatingPPEaswell.(来自莱顿大学的研究合著者Auke-FlorianHiemstra说：“在我们对莱顿运河的一次清理中，我们的志愿者发现了一只乳胶手套，拇指中夹着一条死鱼。此外，在荷兰运河中，我们观察到一只水鸟在巢中使用口罩和手套。””其他被口罩缠住的动物包括英国的一只狐狸、佛罗里达州的一条河豚鱼和法国的两只螃蟹。许多狗和猫也被观察到吃PPE。)”可知，个人防护装备污染已经威胁到了动物的生命。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“HiemstrasuggestedusingreusablePPEinsteadofsingle-useproducts.Inthatcase,weshoulddealwiththemproperlybycuttingtheearloopstopreventanimalentanglements(缠绕物)andthrowingthemawayinabinthatisnotoverstuffed.(Hiemstra建议使用可重复使用的个人防护装备，而不是一次性产品。在这种情况下，我们应该适当地处理它们，剪掉耳环，以防止动物纠缠，并将它们扔进没有塞满的垃圾箱里。)”可知，Hiemstra建议使用可以重复使用的个人防护设备，而不是一次性产品。故选D。DABritishwomanwhowonaS1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(变革).“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.“I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,”shesaid.“Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools."ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:“Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on.“Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."12.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?A.Makeamovie. B.Buildnewschools.C.Runaproject. D.Helplocalmusicians.13.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?A.Itisparticularlydifficult. B.Itincreasesartists'income.C.Itopenschildren'smind. D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.14.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?A.Moralprinciples. B.Interpersonalskills.C.Creativeabilities. D.Positiveworldviews.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BringArtiststoSchools B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtistsC.ArtsEducationinBritain D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(AndriaZafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段Craig-Martin说的话“Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.（Andria的把各个领域的艺术学家请到学校教学这个聪明的项目很受学生欢迎，在学校忽视艺术教育的时期。把艺术看出不必要是错误的。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学不应该被忽视，而应该被重视。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(AndriaZafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了AndriaZafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。DefendYourselfWithoutBeingDefensiveThere’safinelinebetweendefendingyourselfandbeingdefensive,butitmakesaworldofdifferencebetweenendingandworseningaproblem.Ifyouregularlyfindyourselfjustifyingyourself,blamingothers,ortryingtodistractfromtheproblemathand,youmaybeonthedefense.___16___.Keepcalminthemoment___17___.Ifyou’refeelingwoundup(生气),takeadeepbreathandresisttheurgetosayanythinguntilyou’vehadachancetothinkitthrough.You’llhandlethesituationbetteronceyou’vehadamomenttoeaseyourtension.Inmanysituations,it’sokaytobequietforamoment.Noteveryconflictneedstobeaddressedimmediately.WaittorespondtothecriticismArapidreactionisusuallybasedonlyonemotions.Yourimmediatereactionmightbedefensive.Pauseforamomentbeforeyoureply,anddon’tinterruptorcuttheotherpersonoff.___18___.Cuttinginwithcorrectionsor“That’snottrue”shutsdownfurtherdiscussion.___19___Anexplanationcanmakeitclearertoyouwhattheproblemis.Ifyoudon’tunderstandwherethecriticismiscomingfrom,orifthepersonsaidsomethingvague,respondtothemwith,“Canyouexplain?”or,“Couldyoutellmemore?”___20___.Forexample,insteadof,“Don’tcallmydesignugly.Iworkedhardonthat,”say,“Whatmakesyousaythedesignisugly?”Orsaysomethinglike,“What’ssomethingwecandotofixthat?”A.EncouragethepersontoexplainB.ExplainwithoutdefensivewordsC.Letthepersonfinish,evenifheorsheiswrongD.TalkingtoomuchisnotagoodwaytosolvetheproblemsE.GettingangryorupsetimmediatelytendstolookdefensiveF.Thisalsogivesyousometimetobreathesoyou’relesslikelytoresponddefensivelyG.Fortunately,therearewaystofindasolutiontotheproblemwithoutgettingdefensiveaboutit【答案】16.G17.E18.C19.A20.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种消除戒备心理的自我保护方法。【16题详解】上文“There’safinelinebetweendefendingyourselfandbeingdefensive,butitmakesaworldofdifferencebetweenendingandworseningaproblem.Ifyouregularlyfindyourselfjustifyingyourself,blamingothers,ortryingtodistractfromtheproblemathand,youmaybeonthedefense.(为自己辩护和自我防卫之间有细微的差别，但是结束问题和恶化问题之间却有天壤之别。如果你经常发现自己在为自己辩护，责怪别人，或者试图从手头的问题上转移注意力，你可能处于防御状态。)”提到了几种容易产生心理戒备的情况，如“justifyingyourself,blamingothers,ortryingtodistractfromtheproblemathand”,结合下文黑体小标题，给出解决这些问题的方式，G项“幸运的是，有一些方式可以找到解决问题的方法，而不对其产生戒备”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据本段的小标题“Keepcalminthemoment(在此刻保持冷静)”和下文“Ifyou’refeelingwoundup(生气),takeadeepbreathandresisttheurgetosayanythinguntilyou’vehadachancetothinkitthrough.(如果你感到紧张，深吸一口气，在你有机会想清楚之前，克制自己不说话的冲动。)”讲如果你感到生气，深呼吸，在你有机会把它想通之前控制住(自己)要说话的冲动。因此推断E项“一生气或沮丧就会(让你)看起来是戒备的”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境，下文给出解决办法。故选E。【18题详解】本段的小标题是“Waittorespondtothecriticism(回应批评时等待一会儿)”可知，本段建议不要立即回应批评，根据上文中的“Pauseforamomentbeforeyoureply,anddon’tinterruptorcuttheotherpersonoff.(在回答之前稍作停顿，不要打断或打断对方。)”可知，不要打断或中止他人说话。因此推断C项“让这个人说完，即使他或者她是错误的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】空格处是本段的小标题。根据下文“Anexplanationcanmakeitclearertoyouwhattheproblemis.Ifyoudon’tunderstandwherethecriticismiscomingfrom,orifthepersonsaidsomethingvague,respondtothemwith,‘Canyouexplain?’or,‘Couldyoutellmemore?’(一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗?”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗?”)”可知，本段介绍了解释的重要性，一个解释可以让你更清楚问题所在。因此推断A项“鼓励人们去解释”符合本段主旨，适合作本段的小标题。故选A。【20题详解】上文“Anexplanationcanmakeitclearertoyouwhattheproblemis.Ifyoudon’tunderstandwherethecriticismiscomingfrom,orifthepersonsaidsomethingvague,respondtothemwith,‘Canyouexplain?’or,‘Couldyoutellmemore?’(一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗?”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗?”)”讲解释可以让你更清楚问题所在，下文“Forexample,insteadof,‘Don’tcallmydesignugly.Iworkedhardonthat,’say,‘Whatmakesyousaythedesignisugly?’Orsaysomethinglike,‘What’ssomethingwecandotofixthat?’(例如，不要说:“不要说我的设计丑。我在这方面很努力。”比如，“你为什么说这个设计很丑?”或者像这样说，“我们能做些什么来解决这个问题?”)”讲述了一些回应的例子，因此推断F项“这也给了你一些喘息的时间，这样你就不太可能怀着戒备的心理进行回应”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Therearetimeswhenwefeelasifourbadcircumstanceswillneverchange.Whenwemeettroublesorproblemsinourlives,weare___21___forasignthattellsuseverythingwillbe___22___andgetbetter.Wheninthismindset(心态),Ithinkbacktoa___23___IonceheardaboutafamilyhavingdinnerataChineserestaurant.Attheendofthemeal,everyone___24___theirfortunecookieandreadtheirmessagesoutloud.___25___,theyoungestchilddidnot,shewenttogetanotherfortunecookie.This___26___severaltimesbeforethemomstoppedherandasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”Thelittlechildresponded,“Iamlookingforacookiewiththe___27___fortuneforme.”Themomsaid,“Thereisonlyonethingyouneedto___28___andit’snotinafortunecookie.Thatiswherethereisawillthere’saway.”When___29___arenotgoingourway,wemay____30____therightfortune.Weseekthehopeforour____31____sothatitwillbebetterthanthepresent.OncetheIsraeliswereexpelled(驱逐)inaforeigncountryagainsttheirwill.Atthattime,everythingwas____32____forthem,buttheydidn’tlosehope;instead,they____33____totheirnewenvironmentpositively.Yearslatertheyreturnedtotheirhomelandastheyhad____34____.Inlifeweneedtotakeactionandhopeandbelievethatnothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.Itdoes____35____thatgoodthingsdocomeoutofbadanddifficultsituations.21.A.ready B.grateful C.Responsible D.desperate22.A.settled B.hidden C.defeated D.gone23.A.message B.story C.problem D.case24.A.ate B.tasted C.touched D.opened25.A.Anyhow B.However C.Otherwise D.Therefore26.A.changed B.ran C.happened D.showed27.A.good B.bad C.wrong D.right28.A.doubt B.guess C.know D.hope29.A.memories B.things C.questions D.chances30.A.searchfor B.makeup C.takeout D.wrestlewith31.A.family B.work C.business D.future32.A.easy B.difficult C.common D.special33.A.adjusted B.turned C.stuck D.agreed34.A.left B.expected C.talked D.remembered35.A.prove B.tell C.consider D.understand【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.D28.C29.B30.A31.D32.B33.A34.B35.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个家庭在中国餐馆吃饭故事，从而告诉我们“有志者事竟成”的道理。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们在生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，我们渴望有一个迹象，告诉我们一切都会得到解决并变得更好。A.ready准备好的；B.grateful感激的；C.responsible负有责任的；D.desperate极度渴望的。根据前文“Whenwemeettroublesorproblemsinourlives”可知，生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，需要一个“告诉我们一切都会变好，变得更好”的信号存在以给予希望。固定短语bedesperatefor意为“非常渴望；极需要的”。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们在生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，我们渴望有一个迹象，告诉我们一切都会得到解决并变得更好。A.settled解决；B.hidden隐藏；C.defeated打败；D.gone走,离开。根据前文“Whenwemeettroublesorproblemsinourlives”可知，遇到的是问题和麻烦，所以要“解决问题或麻烦”。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种心态下，我想起了我曾经听过的一个故事，一个家庭在中国餐馆吃饭。A.message信息；B.story故事；C.problem问题；D.case情况，案例。根据后文“IonceheardaboutafamilyhavingdinnerataChineserestaurant”的讲述，作者应是想到了一个听说过的故事。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：用餐结束时，每个人都打开幸运饼干，大声读出自己的纸条。A.ate吃；B.tasted品尝；C.touched

触摸；D.opened打开。根据后文宾语“fortunecookie”可知，应是中餐馆给客人的，包有预测未来运气小纸条的幸运饼干，因此打开之后才能看到其中的小纸条上的内容。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，最小的孩子没有，她去拿另一块幸运饼干。A.Anyhow无论如何；B.However然而；C.Otherwise否则；D.Therefore因此。根据前文“Attheendofthemeal,everyone___4___theirfortunecookieandreadtheirmessagesoutloud.”可知，每个人都读了自己的小纸条，空后“theyoungestchilddidnot”提及的最小的孩子没有读，因此，前后句应是转折关系。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况发生了好几次，妈妈才拦住她问。

A.changed改变；B.ran奔跑；C.happened发生；D.showed展示。分析可知，句中主语“this”应指前文提及的“togetanotherfortunecookie”这件事，且结合后文“This___6___severaltimesbeforethemomstoppedherandasked,“Whatareyoudoing?””可知，