2024年世界开源大会报告-塑造人工智能安全和数字公共产品合作的未来（英文版）-Linux基金

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OpenSourceCongress2024

ShapingtheFutureof

CollaborationinAI,Security,andDigitalPublicGoods

December2024

AnthonyWilliams,PresidentandCo-founder,DEEPCentre

ForewordbyChrisXieandYueChen,FutureweiTechnologies,Inc.

OpenSourceCongress2024

TheOpenSourceCongress

isanannualgathering

bringingthoughtleaders,

practitionersandcommunityleaderstogethertohelp

shapethefutureofopensourcetechnology.

曰

Regulatorypressuresfrom

governmentsworldwidehaveunderscoredtheneedfor

proactive,community-drivenpolicyadvocacy.

China'scontributionstoopensource,exemplifiedbyOpenHarmonyand

OpenEuler,underscoreitscommitmentto

bolsteringglobalcollaborationand

digitalsovereignty.

OpensourceAIhasdemocratizedaccess topowerfulAItools, enablingdevelopers,researchers,andcompanies worldwidetoexperiment, share,andimproveuponexistingmodels.

Thegrowingubiquityofopensourcesoftwaremakes

cybersecurity

increasinglycriticaltoensuringthesafety,trust,andreliabilityoftheworld’sglobaldigitalinfrastructure.

ResponsibleAIincludes

trainingAIsystemsondiversedatasetsandbaking

ethics,safety,andtransparencyintoAImodels

fromtheoutset,notasanafterthought.

TheCongresshighlightedtheneedfor

AI-specificsecurityframeworks,

includingadequateguardrails,

provenancetracking,andsharedrepositoriesof

high-qualitytrainingdata.

Digitalpublicgoods

likeopensourcesoftwareandopendatahave

becomevitaltoolsfor

achievingglobalprogressineducation,healthcareandclimatechange.

Congressparticipantsagreedthat

continuousdialogue

andcooperation

arecriticalforaddressing

ecosystemchallengeslike

cybersecurity,sustainability,andregulatorycompliance.

TheOpenSourceCongressisevolvingintoa

year-roundplatformforcollaboration,

withplansforpositionpapers,expanded

participation,anda2025eventinBrussels.

Opensourceisa

drivingforcebehind

decentralized

technologieslikeblockchainthatoffer

userscontrolovertheirdata,assets,identities,anddigitalinteractions.

Proposalsfor

strengtheningopensourcecollaboration

includedcontinuingtheannualCongress,formingapeer-to-peernetwork,andestablishingaglobalsecretariat.

YAW

Copyright©2024TheLinuxFoundation|December2024.ThisreportislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NoDerivatives4.0InternationalPublicLicense.

Contents

Foreword 4

The2024OpenSourceCongress:ContinuingtheCollaboration 5

SettingtheContext:TheEvolvingRoleandImpactofOpenSourceSoftware 7

OpenSourceArtificialIntelligence:BalancingInnovationandResponsibility 9

OpenSourceCybersecurity:EnhancingSecurityThroughCollaboration 14

BroaderHorizons:FromDecentralizedInfrastructuretoDigitalPublicGoods 19

CollaborationBetweenOpenSourceOrganizations:BuildingaSustainableFuture 23

Conclusion:ChartingaPathForward 27

Acknowledgments 29

AbouttheAuthor 29

Appendix:ListofOpenSourceCongress2025ParticipatingOrganizations 30

Foreword

OpenSourceCongress(OSC)2024markedamilestoneinthe

evolutionoftheglobalopensourceecosystem,showcasing

remarkableprogressinparticipationandorganizationalexcellence.HostedinBeijing,China,undertheprofessionalstewardshipof

OpenAtomFoundation,theconferenceattractedadiversearrayofvoicesfromacrosstheglobe,enrichingthediscussionsand

solidifyingtheevent’sreputationasacornerstoneforopensourcecollaboration.OpenAtomFoundation’sunwaveringsupportand

meticulousorganizationelevatedtheconferencetonewheights,settingabenchmarkforfutureevents.

Atitscore,OSC2024exemplifiedthecommunity’sgrowing

awarenessofthecriticalissuesfacingtheglobalopensource

movement.Fromfosteringcollaborationtoaddressingemergingchallenges,theparticipantsengagedinthoughtfuldialogueandbegantakingactionablestepstosafeguardandpromotethe

valuesofopensource.OnesignificantdevelopmentistheEclipseFoundation’scommitmenttoorganizeandhostOSC2025,a

testamenttotheexpandingnetworkoforganizationsdedicatedtoOSC’smission.

However,thechallengesaheadremainformidable,particularlyindefiningthefutureofOSCitself.Acentralquestionpersists:IstheresufficientwillwithintheOSCcommunitytoformalizeaglobal,

inter-foundation,andmulti-stakeholderorganization?SuchaunifiedinitiativecouldamplifythecollectiveimpactofOSC,aligningeffortswithotherimportantinitiatives,suchastheUnitedNations’OSPOforGoodandtheOpenForumEurope’sadvocacyinEurope.Whiletheseeffortssharecommongoals,theyoftenoperatewithvaryingpriorities,underscoringtheneedforacohesive,globalstrategy.

Wehopethatlike-mindedorganizationswithsharedvisionswill

joinforcestocreateatrulyglobalinitiative.Suchaneffortwouldnotonlyprotecttheprinciplesofopensourcebutalsoelevateitasauniversalknowledgebase,benefitingallofhumanity.Letthisbethebeginningofaunifiedandimpactfulmovement.

ChrisXieandYueChen

FutureweiTechnologies,Inc.

OPENSOURCECONGRESS20244

The2024OpenSourceCongress:ContinuingtheCollaboration

The

OpenSourceCongress(OSC)2024

inBeijingbroughtsomeofthecommunity’sbrightestmindstogethertohelpshapethefutureofopensourcetechnology.HostedbytheOpenAtomFoundation,thissecond

editionoftheCongressfosteredanintimatesettingforcandidconversationsunderscoringbothvitalchallengesfacingtheecosystemandthegrowinginfluenceofopensourcesolutionsacrossregionsandindustries.

Withafocusonopensourceartificialintelligence(AI),cybersecurity,decentralizedinfrastructure,andglobalcollaboration,thevibrantexchangeofcriticalideasinBeijingbroadenedanddeepenedacommunitydialoguethatcommencedattheinaugural2023eventheldinGeneva,Switzerland.

TheLegacyofGeneva

The2023OpenSourceCongressinGenevawasaseminaleventatacriticalmomentintime.Thegrowing

ubiquityofopensourcesoftware(OSS)intensifiedregulatoryscrutinyandincreasedtheurgencyofsecuringopensourceinfrastructure.Atthesametime,communityleadersworriedthatgeopoliticalrivalriesandthegrowingthreatoftechno-nationalismcouldslowtechnologicalprogressandunderminetheinternational

collaborationonwhichtheOSScommunitydepends.

Inthetwoyearsprecedingthe2023Congress,theUnitedStatesintroducedtheCISAOpenSourceSecurityRoadmap,andtheEuropeanUnionlauncheditsProductLiabilityDirectiveandCyberResilienceAct(CRA).Theseregulatoryinitiativesintroducedmeasurestoincreaseliabilityforproductsafetyandrequiredmoretimelydisclosureandpatchingofsecurityvulnerabilities.Unfortunately,someoftheseotherwisewell-

intentionedregulatoryinitiativeslackanuancedunderstandingoftheimplicationsfortheOSScommunity’suniquedevelopment,commercialization,andlicensingmodels.Asaresult,theyposesignificantcompliancechallengesanddemandanurgentresponsefromthecommunity.

Meanwhile,globaltradetensions,geopoliticalconflicts,andaheightenedemphasisondigitalsovereigntyhadrecentlyemergedasgenuineimpedimentstointernationalcollaborationondigitaltechnologies.Forexample,In2022,theUnitedStatesandChinaintroducedstrictexportcontrolsonsemiconductorsandotherstrategicassetstolimittheflowofcriticaltechnologiesacrossborders.ManyintheopensourcecommunityworriedthatcurtailingtradeintechnologycouldleadtothefragmentationofOSSdevelopmentintoregionalenclaves,thwartingeffortstopromoteinclusivityandcultivateamorediversetalentpoolwithinthecommunity.

Finally,high-profilecybersecurityincidentslikeLog4ShellandXZutilshadmadeeffortstosecureandsafeguardcriticalopensourceinfrastructureafocalpointforcommunityleaders.Justasbadactorscancompromise

proprietarysoftwareproducts,cybercriminalsexploitopensource’sopennesstointroducevulnerabilitiesandbackdoorsintoopensourceprojects.SophisticatedOSSsupplychainattackswereincreasing,alertingtheOSScommunitytotheurgentneedtobolsteritscybersecurityposture.

Inshort,regulation,techno-nationalism,andcybersecuritychallengeshadprofoundlytransformedthe

opensourcelandscapeandcreatedanimperativeforcollectiveaction.StakeholdersacrossthecommunityrecognizedthatgreatercollaborationamongOSSprojectsandthefoundationsthatsupportthemwas

urgentlyneededtoenablecommunitymemberstostandtogetheronthesecommonchallenges.Thecalltoactionforopensourceleaderswastoforgeamutualcommitmentandactionplanforensuringfidelitytothecommunity’sessentialprinciplesofopenness,inclusivity,cooperation,andcommunity-drivendevelopment.

ContinuingtheCollaborationinBeijing

ThediscussionsinGenevaconcludedwithaconsensusthatthereissignificantvalueinregularlyconveningleadersofOSSfoundationsandworkingcollectivelytostewardtheglobalopensourceecosystem.Therewasalsobroadsupportforrotatingthisannualgatheringthroughtraditionallyunder-representedregionsoftheworld.Thus,tocontinuethiscollaboration,theOpenAtomFoundationgraciouslyagreedtohostthe2024

editionoftheOpenSourceCongressinBeijing.Theremainderofthisreportdocumentsthe2024OpenSourceCongressproceedingsandhighlightskeydiscussionpointsandconclusionsfromthismomentousevent.

OPENSOURCECONGRESS20246

SettingtheContext:

TheEvolvingRoleandImpactofOpenSourceSoftware

Opensourcesoftwarehasbecomeacornerstoneofmoderntech-nology,drivinginnovation,collaboration,andinclusivityinbusinessandsociety.Overthepastfewdecades,OSShastransformedhowwedevelopandsharesoftware,enablinganyone—fromindividualdeveloperstoglobalenterprises—tocontributetoandbenefit

fromshareddigitalinfrastructures.Bymakingsourcecodepubliclyaccessibleandallowingdeveloperstomodifyanddistributeit,OSSfostersacultureofinnovation,transparency,freedom,andcontin-uousimprovement.

Opensourcehasrevolutionizedindustries,poweringcritical

systemslikecloudcomputing,mobileapplications,andtheInternetitself.Ithasdemocratizedaccesstocutting-edgetechnologies,

allowingsmallercompaniesandstartupstocompeteonalevel

playingfieldwithestablishedtechgiants.Majorcompanies,

foundationsandnon-profitorganizationshaveadoptedopensourceplatformstobuildscalablesolutions.Atthesametime,governmentsandeducationalinstitutionsuseOSSforeverythingfrompublic

administrationtoscientificresearch.Theflexibilityandcost-

efficiencyofopensourcehavealsopavedthewayforthegrowthofstartupbusinesses,freelancedevelopers,andtechentrepreneurs,offeringnewavenuesforinnovationandbusinessmodelsbuiltonopeninfrastructures.

VitalChallengesandNewImperativesfor

Collaboration

Despiteitsimmensesuccess,theOSScommunityfacesseveral

challenges.Sustainabilityandfundingremainsignificantconcerns,asmanyopensourceprojectsrelyonvolunteercontributionsandneedmorefinancialsupporttomaintainandscaletheirsystems.Securityisanotherpressingissue;whileopensourcetransparency

allowsforrigorouscodereview,italsoexposesvulnerabilities

thatmaliciousactorscanexploitifnotadequatelymanaged.

Additionally,thegovernanceofopensourcecommunitiescanbecomplex,andwhileithasmanybenefits,decentralizedleadershipmodelssometimesleadtofragmentation,projectmanagementdifficulties,ordelayedresponsestocriticalissues.

Giventhesechallenges,collaborationamongopensource

organizationsisparamount.Organizationscanpoolresources,sharebestpractices,andcreateamoresustainableecosystem

byworkingtogether.Collaborationalsoallowsforfaster

innovation,ascommunitiescanbuildoneachother’ssuccesses

andavoidduplicationofeffort.Moreover,regulatorypressures

fromgovernmentsworldwidemakeitessentialforopensource

organizationstohaveaunifiedvoiceinpolicydiscussions.Throughcollectiveaction,theOSScommunitycanbetteraddressshared

challengeslikesecurity,sustainability,andpolicy,ensuringthatopensourcetechnologycontinuestothriveasadrivingforceforsocialandeconomicprogress.

TheGlobalReachofOpenSourceSoftware

TheOpenSourceCongressinBeijinghighlightsthedegreeto

whichOSSistrulyaglobalphenomenon,withitsinfluencenow

extendingfarbeyonditsearlyrootsinNorthAmerica.Asdigital

infrastructurebecomesincreasinglycentraltoeconomicdevel-

opment,governmentsandorganizationsworldwideincreasingly

harnessOSSforitstransparency,flexibility,andcostefficiency.

InregionssuchasEurope,Asia,andAfrica,opensourcesolutionsunderpinsignificantinnovationsinhealthcare,education,and

publicadministration.TheseregionsareadoptingOSSandbecomingsubstantialcontributorstotheecosystem,advancingcritical

OPENSOURCECONGRESS20247

8

projectsanddevelopingtoolstoaddresslocalneeds.Forexample,severalEuropeancountriesareintegratingopensourcetechnologiesintopublicpolicyframeworksanddigitalsovereigntyinitiatives,

ensuringthatdigitalinfrastructureremainssecureandaccessible.

TheinternationalimpactofOSSisevidentforpeopleintheGlobalMajority,whereopensourcesolutionsprovideapathtowarddigitalinclusivity.Inmanyemergingeconomies,OSSisbeingusedtobridgethedigitaldivide,enablinglocaldeveloperstobuildscalabletech-nologieswithoutthefinancialburdensassociatedwithproprietarysoftware.Opensourcetoolsalsoempowerlocalentrepreneurs

andstartups,allowingthemtoinnovateandcompeteglobally.

FromsmartagricultureinSub-SaharanAfricatodigitalgovernmentplatformsinSoutheastAsia,opensourceprojectsaddressregion-specificchallengeswhilefosteringeconomicdevelopment.

China’sRoleinDrivingOpenSourceProgress

TheOpenAtomFoundation’sleadershipinhostingthe2024OpenSourceCongressunderscoresanothervitaldimensioninevolvinginternationalcollaborationonemergingtechnologies.Chinahas

emergedasapowerfulforceintheglobalopensourcecommunity,

playingapivotalroleinadvancingOSSinnovationandadoption.

Asthecountrymovestowardbecomingaleaderindigitalinfra-

structure,itsgovernmentandprivatesectorhavemadesignificantinvestmentsinopensourcetechnologies.Chinaisincreasingly

contributingtomajorinternationalprojects,withitsdevelopers

activelyparticipatinginglobalopensourcecommunities.DomesticplatformslikeOpenHarmonyandOpenEulerhavegainedtraction,offeringhomegrownopensourcealternativestoproprietary

systems.TheseinitiativesreflectChina’sbroaderstrategytoincreaseitsdigitalsovereignty.

China’sinfluenceontheglobalOSSlandscapeextendsbeyond

softwaredevelopment.Thecountryalsoparticipatesinvitalinter-nationalconversationsonopensourcegovernance,cybersecurity,anddigitalpublicgoods,rangingfromitsengagementwithICANNandvariousUnitedNationsworkinggroupstoitsDigitalSilkRoadinitiativeanddigitalinfrastructureinvestmentsacrossAfricaandtheMiddleEast.1InhostingtheOpenSourceCongress,theOpenAtomFoundationdemonstrateditsdedicationtopromotingcollabora-tionandsettingstandardsforglobalopensourceecosystems.Asthecountrycontinuestoscaleitsopensourceinitiatives,China’scontributionswillaccelerateglobalopensourceadoptionand

bolstertheimpactofOSSacrossindustries.

1

/usali-perspectives-blog/understanding-chinas-growing-influence-in-global-data-governance

9

OpenSourceArtificialIntelligence:

BalancingInnovationandResponsibility

Overthepastdecade,artificialintelligence(AI)hasundergone

significantadvancements,transformingindustriesandreshapingthedigitallandscape.Oneofthemostimpactfuldevelopments

hasbeentheriseofdeeplearning,poweredbyneuralnetworks

thatcananalyzevastamountsofdatatoidentifypatternsandmakepredictions.Deeplearninghasledtobreakthroughsincomputervision,naturallanguageprocessing(NLP),andspeechrecognition,enablingtechnologieslikeautonomousvehicles,virtualassistants,andreal-timelanguagetranslation.Thedevelopmentoftransformermodels,particularlyGPTandBERT,hasrevolutionizedNLPby

makingitpossibleformachinestounderstandandgeneratehuman-liketext,fuelingapplicationsinchatbots,contentgeneration,and,morerecently,largelanguagemodels(LLMs)likeGPT-4.

TheseadvanceshavesolidifiedAI’sroleasatransformativeforceacrosssectorsandpavedthewayforthenextgenerationofintel-ligentsystems.Inhealthcare,machinelearningalgorithmsare

improvingdiagnostics,personalizingtreatmentplans,andaccel-eratingdrugdiscovery,withGoogle’sAlphaFoldrecentlyachievinggroundbreakingresultsinproteinstructureprediction.Infinance,AIalgorithmsautomatetradingsystems,improvefrauddetection,andenhancecustomerservicethroughpersonalizedfinancial

planningandrobo-advisors.Intransportation,AIisthebackboneofautonomousvehicles,enablingcarstonavigatecomplexenvi-ronments,makereal-timedecisions,andreduceaccidents.AIhasalsorevolutionizedmanufacturing,wherepredictivemaintenanceandintelligentautomationsystemshaveoptimizedproduction

lines,minimizeddowntime,andincreasedoveralloperationaleffi-ciency.Inretail,AIisimprovingcustomerexperiencesthrough

recommendationsystems,dynamicpricing,anddemandfore-casting,whileagricultureisleveragingAIforprecisionfarming,cropmonitoring,andoptimizingresourceusetoincreaseyields.

AIhasbeenagame-changeracrossindustries,andtheopen

sourcecommunityplaysasignificantroleinitsdevelopment.OpensourceplatformslikeTensorFlowandPyTorchhavedemocratizedaccesstopowerfulAItools,enablingdevelopers,researchers,andcompaniesworldwidetoexperiment,share,andimproveupon

existingmodels.ThiscollectiveefforthasacceleratedtheprogressofAIresearch,withdevelopersachievingsignificantbreakthroughsliketransformermodelsanddeeplearningarchitecturesusing

opensourcemethods.

Ofcourse,withAI’sgroundbreakingpotentialcomessignificantresponsibility.AtOSC2024,akeythemewasopensourceAIandtheeffortstodriveinnovationwhileaddressingvariousrisks

andethicalconsiderations.ManyofthelargestdevelopersofAIsystemsarekeepingtheirAImodelsclosed.However,CongressparticipantsarguedthatdevelopingAImodelsintheopenhas

advantages.Opensourceallowsforgreaterscrutinyandtrust,asdeveloperscanauditandrefineAIalgorithmstoaddresssecurity,fairness,andethicalconcerns.Byloweringbarrierstoentryandencouragingaglobalcommunityofcontributors,opensourceAIcanalsofuelwidespreadadoptionacrossindustries,leadingto

morediverseandrobustAIsystems.

OpennessandtheImperativefor

AISafetyandExplainability

DiscussionsaboutthenatureandmeaningofopennessinAIbecameafocalpointasCongressparticipantswrestledwithaseriesofassociatedquestions.WhatareourexpectationsforresponsibleAI?Doeshavingaccesstothesourcecodequalifyasbeingopen?WhatdegreeoftransparencyisreasonablefordevelopersofAImodelsandtools?Giventhemarketleader’s

massiveinvestmentsintalent,infrastructure,anddata,canopensourceAIstackscompetewithproprietarysolutions?

RegardingtheirexpectationsofresponsibleAI,opensourceleadersinsistedthattheAIcommunitycommittoahigherstandardof

responsibledevelopment.ResponsibledevelopmentincludestrainingAIsystemsondiversedatasetsandbakingethics,safety,andalgo-rithmictransparencyintoAImodelsfromtheoutset,notasan

afterthought.Additionalmeasurescouldincludeguidelinesfordatacollection,rigoroustestingprotocols,andauditingpracticestomitigatebiasanddiscrimination.

CongressparticipantsalsoemphasizedtheimportanceofincreasingtheexplainabilityofAIsystems.ExplainabilityimprovestheabilitytoexpresswhyanAIsystemhascertainweights,ormadeapartic-ulardecision,recommendation,orprediction.Explainabilityis

essentialbecauseitincreasesthetrustworthiness,safety,and

accountabilityofthesystemsthatincreasinglyshapelife-changingdecisions,suchasdiagnosingdiseaseordecidingwhogetsaccesstocredit.

DevelopingthecapabilityforAIsafety,explainability,andfairnessrequiresgreateropenness,includingthefactorsmostAIcompanieskeephidden,likethemodelarchitecturesandthedatatheyuse

totrainthemodels.Takethedatasupplychain.Biasanddiscrimin-ationinalgorithmicdecision-makingareunintendedconsequencesoftrainingAIsystemsondatathatreflectsociety’sprejudices

andpowerstructures,includingbiasedordiscriminatorypatternsinhiring,lending,orcriminaljustice.Forexample,artificial

intelligencesystemstrainedonhistoricalloandatacouldperpetuatediscriminatorylendingpractices,resultinginunequalaccessto

creditorloansformarginalizedgroups.Likewise,socialjustice

advocateshavecriticizedpredictivepolicingsystemsthatuseAIalgorithmstoidentifycrimehotspotsandallocatepoliceresourcesfordisproportionatelytargetingminoritycommunities.

2

/en/article/y3pezm/scientists-increasingly-cant-explain-how-ai-works

Atransparentdatasupplychainwouldsignificantlyreducetheriskofbiasedoutcomesinalgorithmicdecision-making.Transparencywouldensurethatthesources,quality,andhandlingoftraining

dataarewell-documentedandtraceable.Traceability,inturn,wouldenablemorerobustoversight,includingthecapacitytoauditdatafordiscriminatorypatternsorunfairrepresentation.Thecapacitytoidentifyandmitigatebiasesearlyinthedatacollectionand

preparationstageswouldalsoencouragemodeldeveloperstoseekoutanddeploydiverseandrepresentativedatasets.

Concerningmodelarchitectures,mostLLMsinusetodayhave

beendescribedasblackboxes.Neuralnetworksmakepredictionsbasedonstatisticalprobabilitiesinferredfromtrillionsofdata

pointsand,assuch,arebeyondthescopeofhumancomprehension.MerelylookingatthesourcecodeinAIdoesnotnecessarily

explainorshedlightonwhyAIsystemsgeneratetheoutputstheydo.EvenAIdevelopersconcedethattheycannotreadilyexplaintheoutputsofAIsystemstheyaredeveloping.2

Openingthesourcecodealoneisinsufficientbecauseagivenmodel’sbehaviordependsonitstrainingdataandthelayersoftransfor-

mationsitappliestothatdata.Thesefactorsarefarmorecomplexthanwhatcanbeinferredjustfromthecodeitself.Indeed,the

moresophisticatedAIsystemsbecome,theharderitistopinpointexactlyhowtheyderivetheirinsightsbecausetheirinternaldecision-makingprocesses(e.g.,deepneuralnetworks)becomeopaque

andchallengingtointerpret.

Ultimately,AIexplainabilityandtheinterpretabilityofmodel

outputsareongoingresearchproblemsthatopensourcemethodscouldhelpaddress.Opensourcemethodswouldallowresearchersanddevelopersworldwidetocollaborateonexplainabilitytechniques,shareinsights,andbuildoneachother’sprogress.Forexample,

openaccesstoAImodelsandalgorithmswouldenablethe

communitytoscrutinizethesystems’internalworkings,revealingpatternsorflawscontributingtoalackofexplainability.Bydeveloping

OPENSOURCECONGRESS202410

andsharingexplainabilitytools(e.g.,SHAP,LIME,orsaliencymaps),theopensourcecommunitycouldalsocontributetoamorestan-dardizedandaccessibleapproachtoexplainingAIoutputs.

DefiningOpenAI

ThediscussiononAIsafetyandexplainabilityhighlightedthe

importanceofclearlydefiningwhatqualifiesasopensourceAI.Congressparticipantsdiscussedtwoprominentinitiativesto

tacklethischallenge:theLinuxFoundation’sModelOpennessFramework(MOF)andtheOpenSourceInitiative’sOpenSourceAIDefinition(OSAID).

TheModelOpennessFrameworkistheLinuxFoundation’s

comprehensiveframeworkforobjectivelyevaluatingandclassifyingthecompletenessandopennessofmachinelearningmodels.

AsdescribedbytheLF’sAIandDatateam,theMOFidentifies16criticalcomponentsconstitutingacompletemodelreleaseand,usingthesebuildingblocks,definesthreeprogressivelybroaderclassesofmodelopenness.3

•ClassIII–OpenModel:requiresthepublicreleaseofthe

coremodel(architecture,parameters,essentialdocumentation)underopenlicenses.

•ClassII–OpenTooling:includesthefullsuiteofcodeusedtotrain,evaluate,andrunthemodel,pluskeydatasets.

•ClassI–OpenScience:entailsreleasingallartifactsintheend-to-enddevelopmentpipeline,includingrawtraining

datasets,researchpapersdetailingthemodeldevelopmentprocess,logfiles,andmore.

ModelproducersandconsumerscanusetheframeworktoassesswhetherthevariouscomponentsofanAIsystemcomplywith

broadlyacceptedopensourcelicenses.Indoingso,theframeworkprovidesanorthstarforopenAIandapracticalroadmapforreal-izingthebenefitsofopencollaborationindevelopingAIsystemsthatareopen,trustworthy,andbeneficialtoall.

InadditiontotheLF’sworkontheModelOpennessFramework,theOpenSourceInitiativedemonstratedsignificantprogressinitsefforttodefineopenAI.Aftertwoyearsofconsultations,thesettledOpenSourceAIDefinitioninversion1.0emphasizesfourfundamentalfreedoms,includingthefreedomto:4

•Usethesystemforanypurposeandwithouthavingtoaskforpermission.

•Studyhowthesystemworksandinspectitscomponents.

•Modifythesystemforanypurpose,includingtochangeitsoutput.

•Sharethesystemforotherstouse,withorwithoutmodifications,foranypurpose.

TheOpenSourceAIDefinitionalsooutlinesthenecessarycomponentsofanopenAIsystem,including:

•OpenCode:Allcodeusedtotrainandrunthesystem.

•OpenWeights:Modelparametersandweightsmadeavailableunderopensourcelicenses.

•OpenDataInformation:Detailed