2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期第一次教学质量检测英语试题（原卷版）

年合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测(一模)英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwillthewomangototheairport?A.Bybus.B.BysubwayC.Bytaxi.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Fellowworkers.3.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toconfirmaplan.B.Topostponeameeting.C.Torescheduleareservation.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Onthestreet.5.Whyisthewomanintheoffice?A.Topreparedocuments.B.Towaitforacolleague.C.Tomeetadeadline.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Recommendingasuitcase.B.Inquiringabouthisluggage.C.Confirminghisflightnumber.7.Whatdocsthemansayaboutthesuitcase?A.Ithasrecognizablefeatures.B.Ithasbeentakenbymistake.C.Itishisdaughter’sspecialtoy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Tripplans.B.Flatdecorations.C.Partypreparations.9.Whowillprobablygettheballoons?A.MaryB.Wilson.C.Jack.10.Whatdocsthemansuggestdoingattheendoftheconversation?A.AskingRichardforhelpB.Gettingthemed-relateddecorations.C.Makingpostersforoceanprotection.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatdoesthemandislikeaboutthepurpleT-shirt?A.Thepatternonit.B.Itscolor.C.Itsmaterial.12.Whatdoesthemanbuyforhisdaughter?A.Jeans.B.Adress.C.AT-shirt.13.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$50.B.$75C.$100.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthemando?A.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Aphotographer.15.Whydocsthewomansuggestthemantakeatrip?A.TotakephotosB.TomeetpeopleC.Torelievepressure16.Howwillthecoupledecidewheretogo?A.Bysearchingonline.B.Byconsultingafriend.C.Byturningtotheirson.17.WhatwillthewomandothisFriday?A.Eatout.B.DothepackingC.Goshopping听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthequarter-mileroad?A.Itcanprovidewirelesschargingservice.B.Itcanincreasetheefficiencyofvehicles.C.Itisspeciallydesignedtoproducepower.19.HowdoesStefanTongurfeelabouttheproject?A.Itisverypopularandwidelyused.B.Itissafeandenvironment-friendly.C.Itissustainableandenergy-efficient.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Awirelesssmartroad.B.Anewelectricvehicle.C.Aroadsecuritysystem第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHongKonghasthelargestcollectionofhigh-risebuildingsonEarthmanyofwhichhavebeendesignedbyworld-famousarchitects.HSBCHeadquartersBuildingIn1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesigncompetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthecompetitionwithanout-of-the-boxidea.WithabudgetofroughlyS667millionintheday’scurrency,theBritishvisionaryhadthemodular(模块化的)piecesconstructedintheUS,JapanandtheUKbeforeshippingthemtoHongKongforassembly(组装).TheHendersonZahaHadidArchitects(ZHA)hasrevealedplanstoreplaceamulti-storycarparkinHongKong’scentralbusinessdistrictwithanew623-foottower.LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,completedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.Forinstance,thereisaskygardenwhichisanoutdoorrecreationalspacewitharunningtrackandaplantingnetworkthatactsasaneffectivebiologicalair-purifyingfilterbyconsumingpollutants.TwoInternationalFinanceCentreOnaclearday,youcanseestraightacrossHongKongfromtheofficesinTwoInternationalFinanceCenter(2IFC),completedin2003.DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352-foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitscompletion.Ittransformedtheskylinewhenitopenedwithitsbreathtakingheightandtapered(锥形的)shape,symbolizingHongKong’srise.BankofChinaTowerThe1,205-foottower,completedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.Avisionofurbanenergy,expansionandgeometry,theBankofChinaTower(BOCTower)wasdesignedtoresembleabambooshoot,symbolizingstrength,vitalityandChina’semergenceasasignificantplayerininternationalfinance.1.WhatisspecialabouttheHSBCHeadquartersBuilding?A.Itwasdesignedbyseveralarchitectteams. B.Itwasfundedbycountriesacrosstheworld.C.Itsstylewasconsideredtobethemostcreative. D.Itsdesignwasawinningworkofacompetition.2.Whichbuildingcombinestechnologywithnature?A.HSBCHeadquartersBuilding. B.TheHenderson.C.TwoInternationalFinanceCentre. D.BankofChinaTower.3.WhatdotheBOCTowerand2IFChaveincommon?A.Theyareknownforbeingeco-friendly. B.Theywerecompletedinthesamecentury.C.TheyusedtobethetallestinHongKong. D.Theyweredesignedbythesamearchitect.BIninternships(实习期)andjobsthatI,nowacareerwoman,haveeverhad,I’vewatchedprofessionals,experiencedandbrand-newalike,conductinterviewsorpresentinmeetingsandmanyofthemappearunpreparedandlackconfidence.Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.Acentraltechniqueanactingclasscanequipyouwithisimprovisation(即兴表演).Essentially,skillssuchastheimprovisationprincipleof“Yes,and…”arebeneficialforthinkingonyourfeet.Whensomeonesuggestsanewidea,yousay“yes”andrunwiththesuggestion.Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvaluethecontributionsofothers,promotingafree-flowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthatthecorporateworldlongsfor.Bothcollegestudentsandprofessionalsmightbenefitfromthevoiceandmovementtraining.Iusedtobeafraidofthevoiceandmovementpartofactingclass.Myactingteacherwouldmakeusdopush-upsandyoga.Thenwe’dstandupandmoan(呻吟)withvaryingdegreesofvoices.Ihatedthis,andlotsofotherpeopledo,too.Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyandloudly.Plus,Istillusethestretchesandwarm-upsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.Asanactor,youareastudentofhumanbehavior.Withthat,whenyoureceiveatext,youexploreyourcharacter.Forexample,ifyou’replayingavillain(反派角色),youhavetoapproachyourcharacterfromwhereitstands.Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers’situationsandtreatsthemwithpolitenessandunderstanding.I’vebornecountless“Whatareyougoingtodowithatheaterdegree?”speechesfromfamilyandfriends.Butultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Actingtrainingwillsetyouapartfromthepack.4.Whateffectdoestheprincipleof“Yes,and…”haveonprofessionalsfollowingit?AItgeneratespositivesuggestions. B.Itbringsaboutsmoothinteraction.C.Itoffersthemgoodentertainmentvalue. D.Ithelpsthemrecognizetheirowncontribution.5.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperienceinparagraph3?A.Sheisstillverynervousofheractingteacher.B.Sheisaddictedtoworkingonherphysicalfitness.C.Thetraininghasmadeherbraverandmorepatient.D.Thetraininghasenhancedherpresentationabilities.6.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningexploringcharacters?A.Itisabigchallengeformostofthestudentactors.B.Itmakesthestudyofhumanbehaviormucheasier.C.Itcanhelppeopletoputthemselvesinothers’shoes.D.Itmayimprovetherelationshipbetweencoworkers.7.Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoungprofessionalstodo?A.Takeanactingclass. B.PursueactingcareersC.Obtainhigherdegrees. D.Consultfamilyandfriends.CHighintheSwissAlpsandtheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmicrobes(微生物)thatcandigestplastics—importantly,withouttheneedtoapplyextraheat.Theirfindings,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinMicrobiology,couldonedayimproveplasticrecycling.It’snosecretthatplasticpollutionisstillabig,globalissue.SinceitsproductionexplodedduringandafterWorldWarII,humanshavecreatedmorethan9.1billiontonsofplastic—andresearchersestimatethatlessthanonetenthoftheresultingwastehasbeenrecycled.Tomakemattersworse,themostcommonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplastic-digestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,co-authorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyester-polyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.Unfortunately,theplasticsthatthemicrobespartiallydegradedrepresenta“reallysmallamountofplasticsincirculation,”saidGavinLear,anenvironmentalmicrobiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Learacknowledgedthatusingnaturalmicrobescanprovideaheadstartwhenitcomestodesigningastrategyforbio-recycling.Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnon-biodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.8.Whatdoweknowabouttheconventionalrecycling?A.Itdoesnotliveuptoexpectations. B.Itcontributestomorewaste.C.Itisnotaspopularasbefore. D.Itensuresnewproductquality.9.Whichbestdescribesthemethodofusingthemicrobesinthepreviousstudies?A.Impractical. B.Pioneering C.Reliable. D.Invaluable.10.Whyisthenewstudymentionedinparagraph4?A.Toprovethemicrobeshaveanobvioustastepreference.B.Toshowthefindingopensdoorstoamoreefficientsystem.C.Toclarifyhowtheprocessofbreakingdownplasticsworks.D.Toexplainwhybio-recyclingisbetterthanconventionalrecycling.11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“headstart”inparagraph5mean?A.Reward. B.Criterion. C.Protection. D.Advantage.DApairofresearcherswithLeibnizUniversityofHannoverhasdemonstratedthemeansbywhichrobotsmightbeprogrammedtoexperiencesomethingsimilartopaininanimals.Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek’sIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowedhowpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathadbeenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehnsaysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain.“Painisasystemthatprotectsus,”saysKuchn.“Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.”Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbecomesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.Theyhavetestedoutsomeoftheirideasusingaroboticarmwithafingertipsensorthatcandetectpressureandtemperature.Itusesarobot-tissuepatch(小片)modeledonhumanskintodecidehowmuchpainshouldbefeltandthuswhatactiontotake.Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,andthenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilitcangethelpfromahumanoperator.Suchrobotsarelikelytoraiseahostofquestions,ofcourse,iftheybecomemorecommon—ifarobotactsthesamewayahumandoeswhentouchingahotplate,arewetobelieveitistrulyexperiencingpain?Onlytimewilltellofcourse,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin’sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehuman-likethanever.12.Whatdowelearnabouttherobotsinthedemonstration?A.Theycanlearnskillslikeanimals. B.Theycancommunicatewithpeople.C.Theyhavetheabilitytofeelpain. D.Theyresponddifferentlytorequests.13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceofteachingrobotstofeelpain.B.Theprincipleofrobots’avoidanceofinjuries.C.Theanalysisoftheartificialrobotnervoussystem.D.Thevalueofprotectinghumanworkersfrominjury.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?A.Therobotissmartenoughtocarryoutdifferenttasks.B.Therobotcanhardlyworkaswellasahumanoperator.C.Therobotcanreactdifferentlybasedondegreesofpain.D.Therobotistolerantofchangesofpressureandtemperature.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardKuehnandHaddadin’sstudy?A.Dismissive. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Optimistic.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whensomethinggoeswrong,doyoutendtobouncebackorfallapart?Herearesomestrategicstohelpyoumanageapersonalsetback(挫折)andgetbackontracktowardachievingyourgoal.●Realizeit’snormal.Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.It’snormalandexpectedforsetbackstooccur.___16___Knowingthis,it’simportanttoanticipatethatthemaintaskwillbehowtoeffectivelymanagethesetbackwhenitarises.●Don’tdenyit.Sometimesit’shardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyoumaydenythere’sanycauseforalarm.___17___Thisinabilitytoacknowledgetheproblemdoesn’tmeanyou’restupid.It’sjustthatdenialcancloudyourawarenessoftheissue.It’simportanttobereceptivetothehonestfeedback.___18___Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.Themostcommoncausesofasetbackarepersonalworries,overconfidence,andpoorcopingskills.Takealookatanyfactorthatmayhavecontributedtothesetback:whereyouwere,whoyouwerewith,whatyouwerethinkingandfeeling.●Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthingsfromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufine-tuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimproveyouroddsofeventualsuccess.___19___Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.___20___Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogresstowardsuccessagain.A.Don’ttakeitseriously.B.Analyzewhathappened.C.Youhaven’tlostalloftheknowledge,skills,andsupport.D.Inotherwords,it’snotwhetherachallengewillhappen,butit’swhen.E.Thisisbecauseyoulearnfromeachmissteptomakeyourplanmoreeffective.F.Friendsorfamilywillvoicetheirconcerns,butyoustillmaynotbeabletoacceptit.G.Youmightevenwriteaboutpastexperiencesinajournaltoguideyourfuturebehavior.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AbigailAdjiritookpartinacompetitionforkidsaged7through12.She,atonly,hastakenGhanaby___21___,winningoverviewerswithherimpressivedancemoves.It’snot___22___formostpeopletobecomeskilleddancers,especiallyforlittleAbigailwhois___23___.Abigailhasbeentrainedto___24___thevibrations(震动)shefeelswithherfeet,___25___listeningtothebeatofsongs.Herprecisecalculationshaveallowedherto___26___impressivemoves.Still,Abigail’sMomwas___27___aboutthefactthattheirgoalwastogetthe7-year-oldahearingaid—buttheyneeded___28___.Theymadethisknownon“OnuaShowtimewithNanaAmaMeBrown”,atalkshowinGhana.AwomannamedJoyce,whoheardlittleAbigail’sstory,was___29___tocometoherassistance.AfterreachingouttoMeBrown,shewasableto____30____$5,000forthehearingaidand$400forinsurancesothatitcanbereplacedor____31____,ifneeded.Asyoucanimagine,AbigailandherMomwere____32____.Infact,thetwoofthemreturnedtoMeBrown’sshowwherethe7-year-oldhappilyshowedoffhernew____33____,withthehelpofwhichlittleAbigailansweredquestionsfromtheMeBrown.ThepurejoyonAbigail’sfaceisabsolutely____34____.FolkslikeJoycetrulyserveasa____35____thatthereismoregoodintheworldthanwerealizeattimes.21.A.name B.reputation C.design D.storm22.A.fair B.easy C.surprising D.secret23.A.one-armed B.bow-legged C.deaf D.blind24.A.resist B.interrupt C.adjust D.match25.A.ratherthan B.thanksto C.regardlessof D.apartfrom26.A.pulloff B.slowdown C.lookinto D.referto27.A.curious B.hesitant C.nervous D.frank28.A.trust B.luck C.help D.courage29.A.moved B.surprised C.grateful D.brave30.A.save B.donate C.invest D.make31.A.repaired B.damaged C.abandoned D.shared32.A.onthego B.overthemoon C.underacloud D.ataloss33.A.dance B.song C.award D.device34.A.awkward B.pointless C.priceless D.beneficial35.A.solution B.reminder C.warning D.discovery第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThereisaChinesestoryofanoldmaninhis90sworkingwithhisfamilytoremovemountainstoconnecttheoutsideworld___36___others’doubts.ThestoryhasinspiredtheChinesetouniteandovercomedifficultywith___37___(determine)andhardwork.ThestorybecamearealityinLinCounty,HenanProvinceinthe1960s.A1,500-kilometer-longwaterwayalongthecliffs(悬崖)oftheTaihangMountains___38___(build)bythelocalpeoplewithin10years,bringingpreciouswaterfromtheZhangheRiverintheborderingShanxiProvincetothedrought-hitarea.Initially,findingdrinkingwaterwas___39___headacheforresidents:Peoplehadtofetchwaterfromfivekilometersawayeveryday.___40___(ease)thisarea’swatershortages,thelocalgovernmentdecidedtoconstructacanalacrossthemountains,___41___constructionwasaremarkableengineeringachievement.Peopletiedropesaroundtheirwaistsand___42___(hang)offcliffs,drillingholesinrock,andthendugcanalswithsimpletools.FromFebruary1960toJuly1969,theyleveled1,250mountaintopsanddug211tunnels(隧道),___43___(remove)22.25millioncubicmetersofearthandrocks.Theireffortsgainedmultiple___44___(benefit).Itwasthecanalthat____45____(dramatic)changedthelifeofthelocalpeopleirrigating(灌溉)36,000hectaresoflandandsolvingwatersupplydifficultiestosome567,000people.Theirdeedshavebeenhailed(称颂)asthe“spiritoftheRedFlagCanal.”第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）将在你的家乡举办“一带一路”（theBeltandRoadInitial）茶文化交流活动。请你写一封英文信申请做志愿者。内容包括：1.写信目的；2.对活动的认识；3.个人优势。注意：1.写作词数应80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。DearSirorMadam,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节读后续写(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Catherinehadstayedathomeallherlifetolookafterherthreechildren,butnow,she,wholostherhusbandinacaraccident,hadtostepoutandearnmoneytomakeendsmeet.Withzeroworkexperienceandnoprofessionaldegree,herchancesofgettinghiredforawell-paidjobwerenexttozero.Oneday,afterdroppingherchildrenatschool,Catherinespottedaconstructionsite.“IthinkIcanworkhere,”shethoughtandapproachedthemanager.“Hi,areyouhiring?”sheasked.“Yes,weare,”themanagerlookedatCatherinefromheadtotoe.“Areyousureyoucanworkhere?Thisjobrequiresalotofhardwork.”“I’mreadyforit,”shetoldthemanagerandsignedacontracttoworka12-hourshift.However,Catherinekepthernewjobasecre