丰富句式结构刻画人物心理

续写中的情绪描写可分为“直白式”与“婉描式”，这两种手法都对词汇的积累提出了较高的要求，贴合续写评分标准中的“词汇丰富”这一要求。但写作不是简单的词汇堆积，更需要使用多样化的句式进行表达。一、情绪表达的常用句型1.主语+be/feel/become/remain等（即系动词）+形容词/短语：系表结构是描写情感的最基础句型，常通过增加程度副词以刻画情感的强弱。［例1］Heremainedinabadmoodfordays（连着几天很阴郁）.［例2］Ifeltalittlebitnervous（感到有些紧张）whentheteacherlookedatme.［例3］Hebecamepanicked（变得惊慌）whensomefrighteningnoisecamefromnowhere.［例4］Althoughhewasreluctant（不情愿），hestillwentcleaningupthekitchenasrequired.其中，诸如［例4］这类含有转折意味的语句，还可以经由as/though引起倒装，例如：［例5］ReluctantasIwas（尽管我很不情愿），Istillwentcleaningupthekitchenasrequired.［例6］PanickedasTomwas（尽管Tom很害怕），hestillopenedthedoorandaskedinatremblingvoice，“Whosthere？”2.形容词或形容词短语作状语：该结构可用于表示原因、结果、伴随等状态，在使用上常以adj.+and/but+adj.+主句的形式出现，可置于句首或句尾。［例1］Confidentanddetermined（既有自信又很坚定），Johnkeptacceleratinghisspeed，notcaringthewoundsonhislegs.［原因］［例2］Slightlypanickedbutoverwhelminglycurious（虽有点惊慌很却也极度好奇），Jackcautiouslyedgedintothedarkcave，attemptingtofindoutwhatawaitedhimahead.［伴随/原因］［例3］Afterwhatseemedlikeacentury，Imadeittothemountaintop，exhaustedbutthrilledatthestunningbeautyspreadingoutbeforeme（很疲累但却震撼于眼前的壮丽风景）.［结果］［例4］Inthedeathlyhush，Taripkneltdownandburiedhisfaceinhands，frustratedandirritated（既懊恼又愤怒）.［伴隨］［例5］Fullofdisappointment（失望极了），Jackydecidedtoleavehishometownandnevertoreturn.［原因］［例6］Anxious/Desperate/Eagertoknowwhathadhappened（急切地想要知道发生了什么），Janeflungthedooropenandrushedinside.［原因］3.Asense/surge/bustof+情绪词+动词+sb.构成的无灵主语句：以情绪词为主语（非人称主语），将情感可以隐喻成一种力或是液体，搭配固定的动词，这类动词常见的有consume（吞噬），deprive（剥夺），grip（抓牢），overcome（战胜），seize（抓住），torment/torture（折磨），explode/erupt（迸发），engulf（包围/吞没），floodover/sweepover/washover（涌上心头），overwhelm（淹没）等。［例1］Anoverwhelmingsense/waveoffrightsweptover（一阵压倒一切的恐惧感席卷而来）Jeremyanddeprivedhimofthepowerofthinking（使他丧失了思考能力）.［例2］AmixedfeelingofsorrowanddespairkepttormentingJuliaanddisturbingherlife（悲伤和绝望交织在一起，折磨着Julia，扰乱着她的生活）.［例3］TheconflictbecamethelaststrawandTommyspent-upangereventuallyexploded（汤米压抑的怒火最终爆发了）．［例4］AsIwasinformedofthegoodnews，happinessandexcitementgotthebetterofme（快乐和兴奋充盈了我）.［例5］Whentheferociouswolfrevealeditssharpteeth，Iwasgripped/seizedbyawaveofterror（我被恐怖所笼罩），palmssweatingandheartthuddingviolently.4.主语+系动词+so+形容词+that的句型及其变体，将so+形容词置于句首引起的半倒装句—so+形容词+be+主语+that。［例1］Ifeltsoangry（如此生气）thatIdecidednottotalkwithherforatleastthreedays.［例2］SothrilledwasI（我是如此激动）thatIjumpedupanddown．［例3］SoirritatedwasPaul（Paul是如此愤怒）thathesmashedthedooropenandstrodeawaywithoutlookingback．［例4］SonervouswasJason（Jason是如此紧张）thathisvoicetrembled.5.非谓语動词在读写中的出现频率非常高，结合到情绪描写中，常见的句子形式是：V-ing/V-ed+主句，例如：［例1］Feelingembarrassedandguilty（感到尴尬而羞愧），heloweredhishead.［例2］Takingadeepbreath（深吸了一口气），Marypushedopenthedoorandsteppedinside．［例3］Consumedwithrage（被愤怒吞没），Lilyletouthystericalscreams.［例4］Tormentedbydepression（被忧郁所折磨），heseemedtohavelostallhislifeorientationsandceasedtochasewhathehadlongbeenpursuing.［例5］Tomcameintotheroom，wearingalongface（拉长着脸）.［例6］Shefeltasifsheweredancingonair，sweptawaybyanoverwhelmingsenseofjoy（被一种压倒性的喜悦所席卷）．同时，with的复合结构常用于描述情绪，其基本结构为with+宾语+V-ing/V-ed，这一句型有时也可以省略with，构成主语+V-ing/V-ed+主句的独立主格结构，例如：［例7］（With）Excitementgettingbetterofhim（兴奋笼罩着我），Josonbouncedacrosstheroomtohugus.［例8］（With）Tearswellingupinhereyes（眼泪涌了出来），Joanahuggedhersontightlyandgentlystrokinghishead.［例9］（With）Voicetremblingandheartthuddingviolently（声音颤抖着，心猛烈跳动着），shesqueezedoutabrokensentence，“Who…whoareyou？”［例10］（With）Hisheartsinkingtothebottom（心情跌至谷底），Georgesighedandleft.［例11］（With）Heartfilledwithexcitement（心里充满激动），Tomgrinnedfromeartoear.［例12］（With）Eyesburningwithanger（眼里燃着怒火），Mr.Frypacedupanddown，punchingonehandwiththeother.而当环境、心情、人物动作具有高度相关性时，也可以将三者结合，构成with复合结构/独立主格结构+主句+非谓语动词的长句结构。此时主句是主体，with复合结构/独立主格结构及非谓语动词就像飞鸟的两翼，这种句子结构可称为“飞鸟结构”。例如：［例13］Withgustsofwindbuffetingthewindow（阵阵风拍打着窗户），Maryhuddled（蜷缩）onherbed，overwhelmedwithasenseofterror（被恐惧包围）．［例14］Brightsunraysshininguponher（明亮的阳光照在她身上），Lindastrolledleisurely（悠闲地散步）alongtheriver，envelopedinawarmsenseofdelight（笼罩在温暖的喜悦感中）．［例15］Abustofragesweepingoverhim（一股怒火席卷了他），Mattbangedhisfistonthetable（他的拳头重重地砸在桌子上），shoutingaloud（大吼道），“Outofmysight！”二、情绪描写在高考题中的应用以下，将以2020年7月浙江卷读后续写真题——野外遇熊展示情绪描写在高考写作中的运用。Onefall，mywifeElliandIhadasinglegoal：tophotographpolarbears.Wewerestayingataresearchcampoutside“thepolarbearcapitaloftheworld”—thetownofChurchillinManitoba，Canada．Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.Polarbears—likeallwildanimals—shouldbephotographedfromasafedistance.WhenImfacetofacewithapolarbear，Ilikeittobethroughacamerawithatelephotolens.Butsometimes，thatiseasiersaidthandone.Thiswasoneofthosetimes．AsElliandIcookeddinner，ayoungmalepolarbearwhowasplayinginanearbylakesniffed，andsmelledourgarlicbread．Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp，whichwassurroundedbyahighwirefence.Hepulledandbitthewire.Hestoodonhisbacklegsandpushedatthewoodenfenceposts．Terrified，ElliandItriedallthebeardefenseactionsweknew.Weyelledatthebear，hitpotshard，andfiredblankshotgunshellsintotheair.Sometimesloudnoiseslikethesewillscarebearsoff.Notthispolarbearthough—hejustkepttryingtoteardownthefencewithhismassivepaws（爪子）．Iradioedthecampmanagerforhelp.Hetoldmeahelicopterwasonitsway，butitwouldbe30minutesbeforeitarrived.Makingthebestofthiscloseencounter（相遇），Itooksomepicturesofthebear．ElliandIfearedthefencewouldntlastthrough30moreminutesofthebearspunishment.ThecampmanagersuggestedIusepepperspray.Thesprayburnsthebearseyes，butdoesnthurtthem.SoIapproachedouruninvitedguestslowlyand，throughthefence，sprayedhimintheface.Withanangryroar（吼叫），thebearrantothelaketowashhiseyes．Paragraph1：Afewminuteslater，thebearheadedbacktoourcamp.Paragraph2：Attheverymoment，thehelicopterarrived.［場景一］熊的愤怒。［例1］Soirritatedwasthebearthatitroareddeafeninglyandwhackedthefenceferociouslytotearitdown（这只熊非常恼火，发出震耳欲聋的咆哮，凶猛地击打着围栏要把它推倒）.［例2］Roarspiercingthesilence，thebearrevealeditssharpteethandstartedtorepeatedlypoundthefence（咆哮声打破了沉默，熊露出锋利的牙齿，开始反复拍打围栏）.［场景二］夫妻两人的恐惧。［例1］Anunbearablesenseoffearcreepingonus，wehuddledtogether，beadsofsweatstreamingdownoncheeks，faceturningpaleandheartingthuddingviolently（一种难以忍受的恐惧感悄悄地向我们袭来，我们蜷缩在一起，汗珠顺着脸颊，脸变得苍白，心跳剧烈）.［例2］Withthedeafeningroarsechoingaround，feartookholdof/sweptoverus，deprivingusofpowerofthinking（伴随着震耳欲聋的咆哮声，恐惧席卷了我们，剥夺了我们思考的能力）.［例3］Theferociousbearapproaching，w