Grammar2nd定语从句学习资料

Grammar2ndAttributiveClause定语从句-I定语从句（Attributeclause）简介用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。定语从句一般位于所修饰名词（或代词）之后，被修饰的名词（或代词）叫做先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的关系词为关系代词（that,which,who,whom）和关系副词(where,when，why)。关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在定语从句中只做状语.E.g.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman关系代词的选择用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)用作关联词的关系代词有who,whom,.whose,that,which等。who是主格，在从句中用作主语（在非正式的英语中亦可以用作宾语）；whom是宾格，在从句中做宾语；whose是属格，在从句中用作定语（有时亦可指物）He’samanwhomeanswhathesays.TheyoungmanwithwhomItraveledcouldspeak5languages.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.that在从句中即可以用作主语也可以用作宾语；即可以指人也可以指物，但在当代英语中多指物。which在从句中既可以用作主语，也可以用作宾语；一般皆指物。Thisisthebookwhichhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.WhereisthebookwhichIboughtthismorning?关系代词在宾语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但置于从句之首较为正式。Thisisthebookwhichyouaskedfor.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时，介词须置于句末.如关系代词紧跟在介词之后，只能用which和whom。HereisthecarthatItoldyouabout./HereisthecaraboutwhichItoldyou.Thisistheboywhoheworkedwithintheoffice./Thisistheboywithwhomheworkedintheoffice.thatV.S.which,who3:3:1先行词指人时，关系代词既可以用who,亦可以用that。但关系代词在从句中做主语时，多用主格who.Personwhoarequarrelsomearedespised.(除person外，还有people,those等皆多用who)Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词为he，they，any,all，one等之后多用who.)I’llpardonhimwhoishonest.(描述性定语从句中用who.)Ithinkitisyouwhoshouldprovetome.(在强调句中用who.)下列情况多用whichLarrytoldmethestoryoftheyoungairmanwhichInarratedatthebeginningofthisbook.(离先行词较远)Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellsbest.(“those+复数名词”之后)ThisisoneofwhichI’mspeaking.(介词之后)在非限定性定语从句中不能用thatWater,whichisclearliquid,hasmanyuses.which可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句。NewConceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntoallofus.如果先行词是all,much,anything,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词。关系代词一般用that，不用which（但something，everything，anything后偶尔也用which）。Shehasnothingthatisgoodtosay,Thebookdoesn’tsaymuchthatamuseschildren.That’sall(that)Icoulddoatthattime.先行词如果被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等修饰，引导限定性定语从句常用关系词that，不用which，who或者whomHeistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthetime.ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.如果有两个或两个以上的先行词，兼指人或物，应用thatHewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledthecar.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.先行词是集体名词用who还是which如果先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体。关系代词用which；如果指集体中个各个成员，则用who。Thebasketballteam,whichwonthelastchampion,willcomeoutfirst.Thebasketballteam,whoarehavingarest,willbeginanothermatchin20minutes.关系副词引导定语从句关系副词被替代的先行词在从句中的作用when(=at,in,on,duringwhich)表示时间的名词时间状语where(=in,atwhich)表示地点的名词地点状语why(=forwhich)只有reason原因状语Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.Thisisthetimewhen(atwhich)sheleftforBeijing.ThebookstorewherehissisterworksisthelargestoneinNanjing.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.当先行词是case,point,condition,job等表示“情况，方面”的名词，可用where连接这种用法where相当于underwhich，fromwhich等，意为“在这种情况下，从……中”等Therearesomecaseswherethisrulesdoesnotholdgood.Thisisajobwhereyoucanlearnsomething.I’llshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.Exercise:Thestudent_____Isawisstudyinginartschool..Theroom______servedforstudio(工作室)wasbareanddusty.Thereason______herejected(反对)ourplanisthathehadnofaith(信任)inus.Doyouthinkthereason______hegaveisbelivable?Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theprofessorrecommended(推荐)have