采购物料管理系统分析报告英文版

BackOfficeSystem

後檯管理系統BackOfficeSystemFunctions:SystemsgenerallyworkbehindthescenesDesignedtoautomatekeybusinessfunctionratherthanservethecustomerdirectlyBackOfficeSystemPayrollsystemsAutomatethecalculationandpaymentofwagesandsalariesPersonnelsystemsStoreandanalyzeinformationaboutemployeesAccountingsystemsAutomatetheprocessofdrawingupperiodicfinancialreportsMarketingsystemsHelpanalyzethemarketpositionfthehotelPayrollSystemsCalculatingpayrollcanbeacomplicatedandtimeconsumingprocessDifferentworkhourwithdifferentrateRegularworkhours;overtimeworkhours;shiftallowance;bonuses…etcIncometaxandnationalinsurancechargesmustbecalculatedforeveryemployeehealthinsurancedeductionhastobemadeCumulativeperiod-to-datefigureshavetobestoredandperiodicallyreportedtotheInlandRevenue;PayrollSystemsHospitalityindustryhasseveralpeculiarcharacteristicswhichmakepayrollcalculationevenmorecomplicatedEmployeesaremulti-skilledandworkinseveraldepartments,eachwithdifferenthourlywageratesServicechargehastobecollectedanddistributedPayrollSystemsWhatcomputerizedpackagescandoaboutthepayrollprocess?AutomatethepayrollprocessReducethetimeneededtocompletetheprocessWagesarepaidfrequently,majorsavingoftime(cost)arepossiblePayrollSystemsHowdoesthepayrollsystemworks?Thenumberofhoursareenteredintothesystemfromatimesheet,orTransferredautomaticallyfromanelectronicdevice(eg.Timeclock)HotelandcateringcomputersystemscanalsoactastimeclockEPOSorPMScanrecordthelog-onandlog-offtimeofeachemployee,andreportthenumberofhoursworkedtothepayrollsystemOncethegrosswageisknown,theamountoftaxduecanbecalculatedusingdatafromtheemployee’smasterfilePayrollSystemsHowdoesthepayrollsystemworks?Itemizedpaylslips,listingalldeductions,arethenproducedautomaticallybythesystem;somesystemscanprintpersonalizedpaychequesshowingthenameandthecorrectamountduetoeachemployeeSomesystemsallowpaymenttobemadebyBankGiro,whichreducethecostsofbankchargesandadministrativetimewhenusecashorchequesforpayroll.Businesscostarereduced(onechequeforentirepayroll)EmployeegetpaidmorequicklyPayrollSystemsHowdoesthepayrollsystemworks?Fromthebank’spointofview:BankGirosaretimeconsumingSolution:PaypathorBACS(BankAutomatedClearingSystem),allowthesamedatatobetakentothebankoncomputerdisk,whereitcanbereaddirectlyitothebank’scomputerLesstimeisneededforprocessingthetransactions,whichisreflectedinlowerbankchargesfortheserviceSolution2:electronicfundstransfer(EFT)Eliminatestheneedtogotothebank.Datacanbetransferredelectronically,andthefundsrequiredforpaymentautomaticallyremovedfromthefirm’sbankaccountEmployeeTimeSheetEmployeeMasterFilePersonnelSystemsBecauseofthelinksbetweenthepayrollandthepersonneldepartments,theircomputersystemstendtoworkcloselywitheachother.Insomecases,personnelsystemsincorporatepayrollaspartoftheirfunctions.However,itismorecommontohaveseparatesystemsbecauseeachhasitsowngoalsandobjectives.PersonnelSystemsFunctions:StoreavarietyofinformationabouteachemployeeAnalyzeddatainvariouswaystoproduceusefulinformationforthepersonnelmanager.LabourschedulingcanassistindrawingupstaffrostersPersonnelSystemsComputerizedLabourschedulingsystemNumbersandskillsareenteredintosystemUsemathematicaloptimizationtechniquetodrawuprostersMinimizeslabourcostsbymakingasmuchuseaspossibleofpermanentstaffandbyavoidingovertimeConfusionisreduced,aseachemployeereceiveddetailedindividuallyprintedreportshowingwhereandwhenheorsheisscheduledtoworkPersonnelSystemsPersonnelsystemsarestillrelativelyuncommoninthehotelandcateringindustry.Individualhotelsorrestaurantstendtoemployarelativelysmallnumberofpeople,andusingacomplexcomputersystemtohelpmanagepersonnelmightthereforebeunproductive.人事薪資管理系統出勤刷卡作業.人事員工管理.制服領用作業.薪資銀行轉帳作業.現金發放作業.二期薪發放作業.勞健保所得稅作業.年度扣繳憑單作業.離職員工作業.出勤考核作業.排班表作業AccountingSystemsThetraditional,paper-basedmethodofaccountinginvolvesrecordingtransactionsinthreeledgers:asalesledger,apurchasesledgerandanominalledger.Becausea‘double-entry’systemisusedtoensureaccuracy,entrieshavetobemadeinseveralledgerstorecordasingletransaction.AccountingSystemsComputerizedpackagesimplifytheprocessbycompletingeachtransactioninasinglestep.AllnecessaryledgerentriesaremadeautomaticallywhenthetransactionisprocessedbytheaccountingsystemElectroniclinkstoothercomputersystemallowmanyofthepostingstobemadeautomatically.AccountingSystemsAccountingsystemsareusuallypurchasedinmodules,eachofwhichdealswithdifferentaspectsoftheaccountingprocess.Eachmodulecanworkasastand-alonepackage,orcanbeintegratedwithothermodulestogiveacompletecomputerizedaccountingsystem.Modularizationallowsbusinessestouseonlythosemoduleswhichareusefultothem.Modularizationalsoallowsbusinessestocomputerizeinstages.AccountingSystemModulesDebtors’-ledgermoduleCreditors’-ledgermoduleNominal-ledgermoduleDebtors’ledgermoduleFunctionsandbenefits:Recordsthedetailsofallsalesmadebythebusiness.Computerizedsystemensuresthatcustomeraccountsarealwaysaccurateanduptodate,andmeanthatend-of-monthstatementscanbeproducedpromptlyAutomaticallyprintsreminderstobesenttoclientswhosepaymentsareoverdue.Provideimportantmanagementinformationwhichmakesiteasiertomanagedebtorsefficiently(ex.Creditlimitreport)Creditors’LedgerModuleFunctionsandbenefits:Creditors’ledgerrecordsallpurchasesmadebythebusinessProvidevaluablereportandmanagementinformationex.Paymentsschedule,whichlisttheamountsduetocreditorsinacalendar-likeformatEnsuresthatpaymentismadeontime,thusmakinguseofdiscountsPreventpaymentbeingmadetoosoon,thusallowingusetobemadeofthe‘free’creditgivenbysuppliersNominal-LedgerModuleFunctionsandbenefits:Producethefinalaccounts:thetradingaccount,profitandlossstatement,balancesheetAccountscanbeproducedfarmoreregularlythanwouldbepossibleusingmanualmethods.Becauseaccountscanbeproducedmoreoften,managementareabletoreactmuchfastertochangesinperformance,andcontroloverthecompany’sfinancesismuchtighter.會計帳務管理系統會計總帳管理,多公司多部門帳務,傳票開立作業.各分類帳餘額作業,應收帳款.票據作業.應付帳款.票據作業,票據開立管理,各式財務報表列印.固定資財攤提作業.每期折舊作業MarketingSystemsComputerapplicationsthathelpidentifyandsatisfycustomerneedsandthushelpcompaniestoachievemarketingobjectives.Guest-historysystemsContact-managementsystemsSales-analysissystemsGuesthistorysystemsHotelshavetraditionallystoredalotofdataabouttheirregularcustomers.Maintainguesthistorymanuallyisbothexpensiveanddifficult.Computerizedsystemshelpbyallowingmuchmoreinformationtobestoredandprocessedwithvastlylessclericaleffort,andalsobyallowingthedatatobeaccessedmorequicklyandeasily.GuesthistorysystemsInmanycases,dataistransferredautomaticallyfromothercomputersystems,suchasthePMS,whichhelpstokeepthedatainthesystemaccurateanduptodateThedataofguesthistoryisaveryvaluablemarketingtoolThegeographicallyanddemographicallyinformationofguestscangiveanaccurateprofileof‘typical’guestsandtheirspending.GuesthistorysystemsDatacanbeusedindirectmailshotsandtotargetpromotionalcampaign.Restaurantsareusing‘frequentcustomerscheme’andcomputerizedEPOStotrackthespendinghabitsofcustomersformarketingpurpose.ContactmanagementsystemsFocusonpotentialcustomersbyrecordingandprocessingcustomerenquires.TendtobeusedmainlyinthesalesdepartmentStoresacontactnameandtelephonenumberforeachenquiry,alongwitharecordoftheservicesrequestedDetailsofcorrespondencearealsostoredonthesystemtoshowthestatusofeachenquiry,andtoseewhatoffershavebeenmadetotheclient.ContactmanagementsystemsSystemalsoactsasadiaryandautomaticallyremindstheuserofscheduledappointments(whomtocallormeetonacertainday)topreventthelostofsalesduetothecarelessness.SalesanalysissystemsProvidemanagementwithinformationonthebreakdownofsalesAllowmorecomprehensiveanalysistobeperformedAllowanalyzestobecompletedinsecondsEliminatetherepetitive,boringcalculationsassociatedwithsalesanalysisSalesanalysissystemsManagementcanperformsuchanalysismoreoften,whichallowsanaccurateprofileofthespendingpatternsofdifferentmarketsegmentstobebuiltup.Analysiscanalsoberepeatedfrequently,whichallowsmanagementtorespondquicklytochangesinspendingpatterns.採購物料管理系統廠商資料管理.物料產品管理,採購訂購作業.領貨.