2022年北京市房山区高二上学期期末英语试题

房山区2021-2022学年度第一学期（中学)期末考试高二英语本试卷共10页,共100分,时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回,试卷自行保存。第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ItwasmyfirsttimeskiingandIhadbeenpersuadedtocomealongwithagroupoffriends.IwaswonderingwhetherIhadmadea____1____byjoiningthem,becausetheyallhadatleastsome____2____ofskiinginthepastwhileIhadneverevenhadasingleskiinglesson.Wearrivedatourdestinationintheafternoonandmylessonsdidn’tstartuntilthefollowingmorning.TherewasnowayIwasgoingtostaybehindand____3____everyoneelsegoouttoenjoytheskiingwithoutme,soIgrabbedmystuffand____4____outwiththem.Harriet,amemberofourgroup,tookpityonmeandofferedtopairup,givingmesome____5____onhowtogetstarted.Forallofabouttenmetres,Ifelltothegroundinshame.Againtomyfeet,againtothefloor.Andsothesituationcontinueduntilfinally,justonce,Icaughtmy____6____andIwasaway.Idaren’tmoveanythingforfearthatmyrunwouldcometoanuntimelyend.Fromafewfeetbehind,Harrietwasshoutingsomethingencouraging,tryingnottoskipastmeandruinmymomentof____7____.Ionlycoveredatinydistance,butitfelt____8____.Withproperinstructions,Iimprovedquickly.Harrietwasareally____9____teacherandIhadagoodexperience.Winteriscomingagain.Ican’twaittohead____10____totheskiresort.1.A.mistake B.deal C.promise D.contribution2.A.ambition B.assistance C.pressure D.experience3.A.suggest B.watch C.help D.order4.A.broke B.called C.went D.checked5.A.tips B.reasons C.comments D.gifts6.A.tear B.balance C.coat D.idea7.A.accident B.creativity C.victory D.wildness8.A.amazing B.boring C.disappointing D.relaxing9.A.confident B.funny C.strange D.patient10.A.bitterly B.curiously C.excitedly D.nervously【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者第一次滑雪的经历，在组员Harriet的指导下，得到了很好的体验，并在冬天到来时，迫不及待想去滑雪胜地。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A.mistake错误；B.deal交易；C.promise承诺；D.contribution贡献。根据后文“Ihadneverevenhadasingleskiinglesson”可知，作者因为没有上过滑雪课，开始怀疑自己加入他们是个错误。故选A。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在想我加入他们是不是犯了个错误，因为他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，而我甚至从来没有上过一节滑雪课。A.ambition抱负；B.assistance帮助；C.pressure压力；D.experience经验。根据前后文“becausetheyallhadatleastsome…ofskiing”指他们过去都至少有一些滑雪的经验，故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A.suggest建议；B.watch看；C.help帮助；D.order命令。根据后文“everyoneelsegoouttoenjoytheskiingwithoutme”指作者看着其他人出去滑雪，而自己留下来，故选B。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不可能看着其他人出去滑雪而留下我自己，所以我拿了我的东西，和他们一起出去了。A.broke打破；B.called打电话；C.went离开、去；D.checked检查。根据后文“outwiththem”可知作者拿了东西和他们一起出去了。故选C。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们组的一名成员哈丽特很照顾我，提出要和我结对，并给了我一些如何开始的建议。A.tips建议；B.reasons理由；C.comments评论；D.gifts礼物。根据后文“onhowtogetstarted”可知，哈丽特给了作者滑雪的建议。故选A。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就这样，这种情况一直持续到最后，只有一次，我恢复了平衡，滑出去了。A.tear泪水；B.balance平衡；C.coat外套；D.idea想法。根据上文“untilfinally,justonce,Icaughtmy”可知经过几次失败的尝试，作者有那么一次掌握了平衡，故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特就在后面几英尺的地方喊着什么鼓励的话，试图不从我身边滑过，破坏我胜利的时刻。A.accident事故；B.creativity创造力；C.victory胜利；D.wildness野蛮。根据后文“Ionlycoveredatinydistance(我只滑了一小段距离)”可知，作者取得了小小的胜利，故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只滑了一小段距离，但感觉很棒。A.amazing不可思议的、感觉极好的；B.boring无聊的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“Ionlycoveredatinydistance,butitfelt”中but表示转折，可知虽然滑得不远，但作者仍然感觉很棒。故选A。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哈丽特是一个很有耐心的老师，我有一个很好的经历。A.confident自信的；B.funny有趣的；C.strange奇怪的；D.patient耐心的。结合上文可知哈丽特耐心指导作者，是个有耐心的老师。故选D。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。A.bitterly愤怒地；B.curiously好奇地；C.excitedly兴奋地；D.nervously紧张地。根据上文“Ican’twaittohead”可知作者因为好的经历，喜欢上了滑雪，迫不及待地想去滑雪胜地。故选C。第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。FlorentijnHofmanisaDutchartist,____11____largesculpturesareondisplayallovertheworld.Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisthinkingabouthischildren’stoys.These____12____(object)havegivenhimideasforhisanimalsculptures,suchasthefamousRubberDuck.AmorerecentworkofhisisthehugeFloatingFish,____13____wassetamongthebeautifullandscapeofWuzhenWestScenicZone.【答案】11.whose12.objects13.which【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了FlorentijnHofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。对他来说，寻找灵感的一种方式是思考孩子们的玩具。这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的橡皮鸭。他最近的一个作品是巨大的浮鱼，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽风景中。【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：FlorentijnHofman是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑作品在世界各地展出。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词artist，先行词在从句中作定语，应关系代词whose。故填whose。【12题详解】考查名词的数。句意：这些物品给了他创作动物雕塑的灵感，比如著名的橡皮鸭。object为可数名词，由these修饰应用复数形式。故填objects。【13题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他最近的一个作品是“巨大的浮鱼”，它被设置在乌镇西风景区的美丽风景中。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词thehugeFloatingFish，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.He____14____(leave)Englandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechance____15____(study)variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshe____16____(collect).Ashestudiedthese,heasked____17____(he)thequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?【答案】14.left15.tostudy16.hadcollected17.himself【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了达尔文年轻时的南美之旅。【14题详解】考查时态。句意：1831年，他乘坐Beagle号离开英国。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语，根据时间状语in1831可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填left。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入动词不定式作thechance的定语。故填tostudy。【16题详解】考查时态。句意：达尔文在南美呆了一段时间后，船上房间里挤满了他收集的动植物样本。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语，主句为一般过去时，从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，因而需用过去完成时。故填hadcollected。【17题详解】考查反身代词。句意：当他研究这些时，他问自己一个问题：不同的物种是如何存在的？分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少宾语，宾语与主语he为同一人，因而用反身代词。故填himself。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Inmostcountries,____18____(turn)18marksthestartofadulthood.Butwhatdoesreachingthismilestone,theageofmajority,reallymean?Willyoube____19____(complete)inchargeofyourownlifeandabletoexpressyourselfinnewandexcitingways?Whatnewresponsibilitieswillitbring?Someyoungpeoplehavebeguntofeelmoreawareofotherpeopleandtodevelopa____20____(strong)senseofsocialresponsibilitiesthanbefore.【答案】18.turning19.completely20.stronger【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。但是，到了成年这一里程碑，究竟意味着什么呢？你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？它会带来什么新的责任？一些年轻人开始比以前更关心他人，培养了更强的社会责任感。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在大多数国家，18岁标志着成年的开始。作主语，turn应用动名词形式。故填turning。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：你能完全掌控自己的生活，并能以新的、令人兴奋的方式表达自己吗？修饰后文介词短语应用副词completely，故填completely。【20题详解】考查比较级。句意：一些年轻人开始比以前更关心他人，培养了更强的社会责任感。根据后文thanbefore可知应用比较级。故填stronger。第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.AmazonRainforestTourAshortflightfromCuscotakesyoufromtheAndesintotheAmazonrainforest.Fromthere,you’llspendonedaytravellingbyboattoyouraccommodationinthemiddleoftheforest.Youcanthenspendthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetotherainforest.MachuPicchuTourThisfour-daywalkingtourwilltakeyouonamazingpathsthroughtheAndesMountainsonthewaytothecityofMachuPicchu.Afterreachingyourdestination,youwillhaveadaytoexploreandbeamazedbythisancientcity.EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.Incabuilderscutstonestoexactsizessothatnothingwasneededtoholdwallstogetherotherthantheperfectfitofthestones.CuscoTourSpendfourdaysenjoyingtheuniqueSpanishandlocalIndianculturehighintheAndesatCusco,thecapitaloftheIncaEmpirefromthe13thuntilthe16thcentury.Stayinalocalhotel,visitthemuseums,admirethearchitecture,enjoytheexcellentlocalfood,andgoshoppingatthelocalmarkets.LakeTiticacaTourEnjoythebeautifulcountrysideasyouspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnectingCuscotoLakeTiticaca.ThereaboatwilltakeyoutostaywithalocalUrosfamilyonanislandforthreedays.BoththeislandandtheUroshomesaremadeofwaterplantsfromthelake.SocomeandexperiencewhatPeruhastooffer:everythingfromtheancientIncacultureandcenturies—oldSpanishvillagestodeeprainforests,highmountains,andabeautifulcoastline.21.WhatisspecialabouttheMachuPicchuTour?A.Peoplecanexploretherainforestwithalocalguide.B.PeoplecanstaywithalocalUrosfamilyonanisland.C.Peoplecanenjoytheplantsandanimalsuniquetotheforest.D.PeoplecanknowabouttheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.22.WhichtourwouldyourecommendtopeoplewhoenjoylocalIndianculture?A.AmazonRainforestTour. B.MachuPicchuTour.C.CuscoTour. D.LakeTiticacaTour.23.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthepassage?A.Onasciencewebsite. B.Inatravelbrochure.C.Inanenvironmentalreport. D.Inabiologymagazine.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了去秘鲁旅行的四种旅游套餐。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据MachuPicchuTour中“EspeciallyamazingistheIncas’drystonemethodofbuilding.(尤其令人惊叹的是印加人的干石建造法)”可知，马丘比丘之旅的独特之处在于人们可以知道印加人的干石建造方法。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据CuscoTour部分中“SpendfourdaysenjoyingtheuniqueSpanishandlocalIndianculturehighintheAndesatCusco,thecapitaloftheIncaEmpirefromthe13thuntilthe16thcentury.(在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间欣赏独特的西班牙和当地的印度文化，库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都)”可知，你会向喜欢印度当地文化的人推荐CuscoTour。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“PeruisacountryonthePacificcoastofSouthAmericawiththreemainareas:narrow,dry,flatlandrunningalongthecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.(秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄、干燥、平坦的海岸、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林)”可知，本文是一篇关于去秘鲁旅行包价旅游的广告宣传，因此你最可能在旅行手册上读到这篇文章。故选B项。BTheairisthinandwehavetorestseveraltimesontheshorthikefromcamp.Toourleft,snow-coveredmountainsdisappearintocloudsthatseemalmostcloseenoughtotouch.Onthegrasslandinfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.TibetanantelopesliveontheplainsofTibet,Xinjiang,andQinghai.Watchingthemmoveslowlyacrossthegreengrass.I’mstruckbytheirbeauty.I’malsoremindedofthedangertheyarein.Theyarebeinghunted,illegally,fortheirvaluablefur.MyguideisZhaxi,avillagerfromChangtang.HeworksattheChangtangNationalNatureRcserve.Itcoversanarcaofabout120,000squaremiles.ThereserveisashelterfortheanimalsandplantsofnorthwesternTibet.ToZhaxi,protectingthewildlifeisawayoflife.“We’renottryingtosavetheanimals,”hesays.“Actually,we’retryingtosaveourselves.”The1980sand1990swerebadtimesfortheTibetanantelope.Thepopulationdroppedbymorethan50percent.Hunterswereshootingantelopestomakemoney.Theirhabitatswerebecomingsmallerasnewroadsandrailwayswerebuilt.Inordertosavethisspeciesfromextinction,theChinesegovernmentplaceditundernationalprotection.Zhaxiandothervolunteerswatchedovertheantelopesdayandnighttokeepthemsafefromattacks.Bridgesandgateswereaddedtolettheantelopesmoveeasilyandkeepthemsafefromcarsandtrains.Themeasureswereeffective.TheantelopepopulationhasrecoveredandinJune2015,theTibetanantelopewasremovedfromtheendangeredspecieslist.Thegovernment,however,doesnotintendtostoptheprotectionprogrammes,sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.Intheevening,Idrinkacupofteaandwatchthestars.IthinkabouttheantelopesandwhatZhaxitoldme.Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.24.WhydidthewritervisitTibet?A.TowatchtheTibetanantelopes. B.Togoonashorthikefromcamp.C.Toseethesnow-coveredmountains. D.TovisittheirfriendZhaxiinChangtang.25.WhathappenedtotheTibetanantelopesinthe1980sand1990s?A.Theirhabitatsdisappeared. B.Theywereattackedbyotheranimals.C.Theywereshotbyhuntersformoney. D.Theirpopulationdroppedbylessthan50percent.26.WhatcanweknowabouttheChangtangNationalNatureReserve?A.Itwasbuiltbyvolunteersandvillagers.B.Itsprotectionprogrammeshavebeenstopped.C.Itwasfoundedtoprotectthewildlifethatlivethere.D.Itsantelopesareonthelistofendangeredspeciesnow.27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?ATheimportanceofagoodlifestyle.B.Protectingwildlifeisprotectingourselves.C.ChangtangisthebestplacetoobserveTibetanantelopes.D.Morevolunteersareneededtokeeptheantelopesfromattacks.【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记录了去西藏观察藏羚羊的经历，并且在与导游扎西的沟通中了解到保护藏羚羊，保护自然的重要性。由此感悟：人类应与自然和谐共生。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Onthegrasslandinfrontofus,wecanjustmakeoutaherdofgracefulanimals.Thisiswhywe’rehere—toobserveTibetanantelopes.(在我们面前的草地上，勉强可以辨认出一群姿态优美的动物。这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊)”可知，作者去西藏的目的是为了观察姿态优美的动物——藏羚羊。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The1980sand1990swerebadtimesfortheTibetanantelope.Thepopulationdroppedbymorethan50percent.Hunterswereshootingantelopestomakemoney.(上世纪八九十年代是藏羚羊的艰难时期。数量下降了50%以上。猎人们猎杀羚羊来赚钱)”可知，在上世纪八九十年代，藏羚羊被猎人为了钱枪杀了。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“MyguideisZhaxi,avillagerfromChangtang.HeworksattheChangtangNationalNatureRcserve.Itcoversanarcaofabout120,000squaremiles.ThereserveisashelterfortheanimalsandplantsofnorthwesternTibet.(我的导游是长塘村民扎西。他在羌塘国家级自然保护区工作。它占地约12万平方英里。该保护区是西藏西北部动植物的避难所)”可知，羌塘国家级自然保护区的建立是为了保护生活在那里的野生动物。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Muchisbeingdonetoprotectwildlife,butifwereallywanttosavetheplanet,wemustchangeourwayoflife.Onlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.(保护野生动物已经做了很多工作，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变我们的生活方式。只有当我们学会与自然和谐共处时，我们才能不再威胁野生动物和我们的星球)”可推知，作者想告诉我们保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。故选B。CBeeshavebeenaroundforover100millionyears,andinthattimetheyhavebeenfoundinalmosteverypartoftheworld.Thereareover20,000speciesofbees.Somebeeslookverydifferenttotheyellow-and-blackbeeswe’refamiliarwith.Beesareimportanttohumansurvival,butduetoclimatechangeandhabitatdestruction,theirnumbersareindecline.It’sasadfactthatthesewonderfullyadaptiveinsects,who’vesurvivedawholehostofchangessincetheyfirstappearedonourplanet,arenowunderseriousthreat.Witharoundone-thirdofbeespeciesindecline,it’sacriticaltimeforustodoeverythingwecantosupportthem.It’seasytoseewhythelossofbeeswouldbecatastrophic—wecouldn’tsurvivewithoutpollinators(传粉者)—buttheirextinctionwouldhaveanimpactwellbeyondtheirroleinprovidingthefoodweeat.Ifabeespeciesdiesout,theplantsandtreesthatdependonitareaffectedtoo;inturn,thecreatureswhofeedorliveonthoseplantsareaffectedandsoonupthefoodchain.Whileitmayseemthatwecan’tdomuchasindividualstodealwithsomeofthesebiggerissues,wecancertainlyworktogetherwithotherstoraiseawarenessaboutthemandbringaboutchange.Ifyou’repassionateaboutbees,spreadlove.Shareyourknowledge—fascinatingfactsandafewscarystatistics—andseeifyoucanencourageyourfriendsandfamilytobecomebee-friendlytoo.Youcouldengageinalittlepositivebeeproject:explainthatmostbeesdon’tstingpeople,forexample,orthathoneybeesinaswarmaresimplylookingforanewplacetonest,they’renotouttoattack.Someenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsandothercharitiesareworkinghardtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsbeesarefacing.Supportingthesegroupsisonewayofhelpingbees—throughraisingfunds,followingthemonsocialmediaandsharingcampaigndetails.Searchinformationallyoucanaboutbeesinyourareatoseewhatfactorsareaffectingthemlocally,andlookoutforactiongroupstoseeifaplanisinplacetohelp.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostbeesinaswarmwillattackpeople.B.Abouthalfoftheplanet’sbeespeciesaredeclining.C.Thereareover20,000speciesofyellow-and-blackbees.D.Somecreaturescanbeaffectedifabeespeciesdiesout.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catastrophic”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Limited. B.Effective. C.Renewable. D.Harmful.30.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallonpeopletohelpsavebees. B.Toshareknowledgeofbeekeeping.C.Tointroduceabee-friendlyproject. D.Tostresstheimpactofclimatechange.【答案】28.D29.D30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。讲述由于气候变化和栖息地的破坏，导致蜜蜂的数量在减少，并说明了蜜蜂减少给人类和其他生物带来危害。呼吁人们提高对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识，并寻找行动小组以查看是否有计划提供帮助。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Ifabeespeciesdiesout,theplantsandtreesthatdependonitareaffectedtoo;inturn,thecreatureswhofeedorliveonthoseplantsareaffectedandsoonupthefoodchain.”（如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，依赖它生存的植物和树木也会受到影响；反过来，以这些植物为食或生活的生物也会受到影响，如此循环往复。）可知如果一种蜜蜂灭绝了，有些生物将会受影响。故选D项。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据原文第三段“wecouldn’tsurvivewithoutpollinators(传粉者)—buttheirextinctionwouldhaveanimpactwellbeyondtheirroleinprovidingthefoodweeat.”（没有传粉者我们就无法生存——但它们的灭绝将产生的影响远远超出它们为我们提供食物的作用）可知没有传粉者我们无法生存，这是非常具有危害性的。A.Limited有限的；BEffective有效的；C.Renewable可再生的；D.Harmful有害的。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。文章前面提出蜜蜂的减少和假设某一种类的灭绝将会造成的危害，并由文章最后一段“Someenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsandothercharitiesareworkinghardtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsbeesarefacing.Supportingthesegroupsisonewayofhelpingbees—throughraisingfunds,followingthemonsocialmediaandsharingcampaigndetails.”（一些环保组织和其他慈善机构正在努力提高人们对蜜蜂所面临问题的认识。支持这些团体是帮助蜜蜂的一种方式——通过筹集资金、在社交媒体上关注它们并分享活动细节。）可知作者意呼吁人们要提高对蜜蜂所面临的问题的认识以及这些问题会给人类和其他生物带来的危害，希望人们要做点事情去拯救蜜蜂。故选A项。DThemangrovetreemightnotlookveryimpressive,butitisanessentialpartofourecosystem.However,morethanhalfofthemangroveforestshavebeendestroyedinthepastcentury.SeveralWorldHeritageSiteshavebeenlistedlargelybecauseoftheirmangroveecosystems.AmongthemaretheSundarbansacrossIndiaandBangladesh,theEvergladesNationalParkintheUS,andtheGreatBarrierReefinAustralia.BeingaWorldHeritageSiterequiresforthemangrovestobeprotected.However,onecountryinAsiahasgonefurtherbyhavingafive-yearprogramtoprotectandconservealltheirmangroves.TheyevenhaveamangrovemuseumandobserveWorldMangroveDay.ThiscountryisSriLanka.WhyaremangrovetreessoimportanttoSriLankaandtoothercountrieswheremangrovesgrow?Themangrovetreegrowsalongcoastalsaltwatershorelines.Theyhaveadaptedtotheharshcoastalweatherandhavedeeproots.Thismeansthattheyarestrongandcannotbeeasilyremoved.Incountrieswherenaturaldisasterssuchastsunamisandcyclonesoccur,theforestsprovideprotection.ThevillagesinSriLankawithfullmangroveforestshavesufferedlessdamagewhenhitbythesenaturaldisasters.Thereasonisthatthemangrovesbreakuptheforceandstrengthofthewaves.Themangrovesalsoquicklyabsorbcarbondioxideandsendoxygenintotheatmosphere.Thismakesthemanimportantpartofthefightagainstclimatechange.Theyabsorbfarmorecarbondioxidethanothertypesofforest,andstoreitintheirstructureandeveninthesoil.Thisisimportantascarbondioxideintheatmosphereisbelievedtobeacauseofdetrimentalchangesintheweather,suchasglobalwarming.Thestrongrootsalsoprovideprotectionforyoungfishastheygrow.Withtheoceansaroundtheworldbeingoverfished,itisimportanttomaintaintheecologicalbalanceintheoceans.ForSriLanka,oneofthethreatstothemangroveforestsistheshrimpfarmsbeingsetup.Tobuildsaltwaterpondsfortheshrimps,themangrovesarecutdown.Thishasresultedinfewerfishsurvivingamongthemangroverootsandfewerfishbeingcaughtbythefishermen.Thelocalfishingcommunitiesnoticedthattheywerelosingmoneyanditmadethemawareofhowimportantthemangroveswere.Theyarenowhelpingtoconservetheforests.SriLankaisshowingthatanationcanpreserveallofitsmangroves.Theconservationmodeltheyhavecanbeusedbyothercountries.Itmighttakemanyyearsofplanning,butthebenefitsofsavingmangrovesdefinitelyoutweighthecosts.31.Whatdoweknowaboutthemangrovetreesfromthepassage?A.TheyaremainlygrowninAustralia.B.Theycanpreventyoungfishfromgrowing.C.Theyhavebeendamagedbynaturaldisasters.D.Theyarelessimpressivebutimportanttotheecosystem.32.WhathasbeendoneinSriLankatoprotectmangroves?A.Aworldmangrovefestivalhasbeenfounded.B.Saltwaterpondsfortheshrimpshavebeensetup.C.A5-yearmangrovesprotectingprogramhasbeenstarted.D.Moremangrovesalongthecoastalareashavebeengrown.33.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Themangrovescankeeptheecologicalbalanceintheoceans.B.Themangrovesareessentialforfightingagainstclimatechange.C.Themangroveshavedeeprootsandholdthesoilinplacefirmly.D.Themangrovescanbreakuptheforceandstrengthofthewaves.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureconservationofmangroves?A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了红树林对生态系统的重要作用以及为保护红树林斯里兰卡所采取的一些措施。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Themangrovetreemightnotlookveryimpressive,butitisanessentialpartofourecosystem.(红树林可能看起来不是很令人印象深刻，但它是我们生态系统的重要组成部分)”可知，红树林不那么令人印象深刻，但对生态系统很重要。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“However,onecountryinAsiahasgonefurtherbyhavingafive-yearprogramtoprotectandconservealltheirmangroves.TheyevenhaveamangrovemuseumandobserveWorldMangroveDay.ThiscountryisSriLanka.(然而，亚洲有一个国家走得更远，制定了一项为期五年的计划来保护和保护他们所有的红树林。他们甚至有一个红树林博物馆，并庆祝世界红树林日。这个国家就是斯里兰卡)”可知，斯里兰卡采取启动一项为期五年的红树林保护计划，来保护红树林。故选C。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Themangrovesalsoquicklyabsorbcarbondioxideandsendoxygenintotheatmosphere.Thismakesthemanimportantpartofthefightagainstclimatechange.Theyabsorbfarmorecarbondioxidethanothertypesofforest,andstoreitintheirstructureandeveninthesoil.Thisisimportantascarbondioxideintheatmosphereisbelievedtobeacauseofdetrimentalchangesintheweather,suchasglobalwarming.(红树林还能迅速吸收二氧化碳，并将氧气输送到大气中。这使它们成为对抗气候变化的重要组成部分。它们比其他类型的森林吸收更多的二氧化碳，并将其储存在它们的结构中，甚至储存在土壤中。这一点很重要，因为大气中的二氧化碳被认为是造成全球变暖等有害天气变化的原因)”可知，第四段主要讲了红树林对应对气候变化至关重要。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“SriLankaisshowingthatanationcanpreserveallofitsmangroves.Theconservationmodeltheyhavecanbeusedbyothercountries.Itmighttakemanyyearsofplanning,butthebenefitsofsavingmangrovesdefinitelyoutweighthecosts.(斯里兰卡正在展示一个国家可以保护它所有的红树林。他们的保护模式可以被其他国家借鉴。这可能需要多年的规划，但拯救红树林的好处绝对大于成本)”可推知，作者对未来保护红树林的态度是积极的。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Alotofpeoplethinkthattheyarenotgoodatlearninganewlanguage____35____Goodlanguagelearnerslookforopportunitiestohearandusethenewlanguageoutsideoftheclassroomonadailybasisandconsequentlylearnthelanguagemorequickly.____36____Forinstancetheycantalktosalesmen,joinsportsclubs,oreventalktopeopleincoffeestores.Theymightreadnewspapersandmagazinesinthatlanguage,watchmovies,listentopodcasts,orjoinchatrooms.Allofthesearegreatopportunitiestopracticeandcanalsobefun.Inaddition,goodlanguagelearnerstrydifferentwaystomaketheirmessageunderstood.Forexample,iftheydonotknowthewordfor“laundromat,”theymightsay“theplacewhereyoucanwashclothes.”____37____Thepointisthatgoodlanguagelearnersarecreativeanddonoteasilygiveup.Finally,goodlanguagelearnersarepreparedtotakerisks.____38____Asaresult,insteadofbeingembarrassedbyamistakeorgettingfrustratedwhentheydonotunderstand,theyseeitasgainingalearningopportunity.Forexample,iftheydonotunderstandwhatsomeonesaidthefirsttime,theyarenotafraidtoaskthemtorepeatitagainandagainuntiltheydounderstand.Or,ifsomeonecorrectstheirvocabularyorgrammar,theytrytorememberinsteadofbecomingshyaboutspeaking.____39____Itcannotbedoneinjustafewmonths.Hopefully,thesemethodswillhelpyoubeagoodandconfidentlanguagelearnerinthelongrun.A.Becomingfluentinalanguagetakestime.B.Butwecanlearnanewlanguagethroughlookingupnewwords.C.Ifthatdoesnotwork,theymighteventrydrawingitoractingitout.D.Besides,goodlanguagelearnersusevariouswaystolearnEnglishwords.E.Theyunderstandthatmakingmistakesisnaturalandisnecessarytolearn.F.Ifthey’restudyinginacountrywherethelanguageisspoken,thisiseasytodo.G.However,wecanlearnfromgoodlanguagelearnerstobecomebetteratlanguages.【答案】35.G36.F37.C38.E39.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了好的语言学习者是如何学习语言的。【35题详解】根据前文“Alotofpeoplethinkthattheyarenotgoodatlearninganewlanguage.(很多人认为他们不擅长学习一门新语言)”及后文“Goodlanguagelearnerslookforopportunitiestohearandusethenewlanguageoutsideoftheclassroomonadailybasisandconsequentlylearnthelanguagemorequickly.(好的语言学习者每天都在课堂外寻找机会听和使用新语言，从而更快地学习语言)”可知，空处应该和上文是转折关系，同时引起下文，指出虽然很多人不认为自己不擅长学习一门语言，但是我们可以向优秀的语言者学习，G项“However,wecanlearnfromgoodlanguagelearnerstobecomebetteratlanguages.(然而，我们可以从优秀的语言学习者那里学习，以提高语言水平)”承上启下。故选G。【36题详解】根据后文“Forinstance,theycantalktosalesmen,joinsportsclubs,oreventalktopeopleincoffeestores.Theymightreadnewspapersandmagazinesinthatlanguage,watchmovies,listentopodcasts,orjoinchatrooms.(例如，他们可以与销售员交谈，加入体育俱乐部，甚至与咖啡店的人交谈。他们可能会阅读该种语言的报纸和杂志，看电影，听播客，或者加入聊天室)”可知，后文列举的都是在某种语言环境中学习该种语言的途径，承接了F项“Ifthey’restudyinginacountrywherethelanguageisspoken,thisiseasytodo.(如果他们在一个说这种语言的国家学习，这很容易做到)”。故选F。【37题详解】根据后文“Thepointisthatgoodlanguagelearnersarecreativeanddonoteasilygiveup.(关键是，好的语言学习者是有创造力的，不会轻易放弃)”可知，好的语言学习者会通过多种途径去表达自己，C项“Ifthatdoesnotwork,theymighteventrydrawingitoractingitout.(如果这不起作用，他们甚至可能尝试画出来或表演出来)”中的画出来或表演出来是创造力的一种体现。故选C。【38题详解】后文“Asaresult,insteadofbeingembarrassedbyamistakeorgettingfrustratedwhentheydonotunderstand,theyseeitasgainingalearningopportunity.(因此，他们不会因为一个错误而感到尴尬，也不会因为不理解而感到沮丧，而是将其视为获得了一个学习机会)”中的mistake与E项“Theyunderstandthatmakingmistakesisnaturalandisnecessarytolearn.(他们明白犯错误是自然的，是学习的必要条件)”呼应，承接E