2024届湖南省“一起考”大联考高三下学期模拟考试英语试题（四）（解析版）

第1页/共1页2024届高三“一起考”大联考(模拟四)英语(时量：120分钟满分：150分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemantryingonprobably?A.Shoes. B.AT-shirt. C.Awalkingstick.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyoufeel?M:Great!It’slikewalkingonair.AndtheygowithmyT-shirtreallywell.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatdoesthewomansayaboutCultureExpress?A.Sheoftenmissesit. B.Shethinksitfunny. C.Shelikesitverymuch.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:DoyouliketheshowCultureExpressonChannel4?M:Notreally,butIthinkthehostisfunny.W:Well,Ican’tmissitforanything.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop. B.Inanoffice. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,Miss.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:I’mapplyingforajob.It’sadvertisedinyesterday’spaper.M:Haveyoubroughtyourresumewithyou?W:Yes,hereyouare.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howlongdidittakethemantofinishhispaper?A.Notmorethanhalfanhour.B.Lessthananhourandahalf.C.Morethananhourandahalf.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Howmuchtimedidyouhaveforwritingthepaper?M:Weweregiventhreehours,butIfinisheditinlessthanhalfthetime.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HecanmakeitonSaturday.B.Moviesarenothiscupoftea.C.Therearemusiclessonsfortheevening.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:WillyougotothecinemathisSaturday,Bob?M:I’mafraidIcan’t.I’llhavemymusiclessonsthen.W:Ididn’tmeaninthemorningorafternoon.Imeantintheevening.M:Oh,that’squiteadifferentthing.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whydoesthemanfeelsurprised?A.Thewomanrefusedtoleave.B.Thewomandisagreeswithhim.C.Thewomanhasfoundanewjob.7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherdepartment?A.There’stoomuchpressure.B.Peopledon’ttrusteachother.C.Therearesomeseriousproblems.【答案】6.C7.C【解析】【原文】M:Maggie,what’sgoingon?Lindajusttoldmethatyou’releavingus.W:Yes,Ireallyfeelbadaboutit.ButIjustgotareallygoodoffer.M:Well,Ididn’tknowyouweregoingtolookforanewjob.W:Well,justbetweenyouandme.Ithinkwehavesomerealproblemsinthisdepartment.Don’tgetmewrong.Ithasnothingtodowithyou,Frank.Everybodysaysyouareanexcellentmanager.M:Problems,whatproblems?Dowehavetimetotalkaboutit?听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodothisweekend?A.Gotothebeach. B.Climbamountain. C.Goforabicycle-ride.9.WhatdoweknowaboutPaulandMary?A.Theydidsomeridingyesterday.B.Theymightbethespeakers’friends.C.They’vedecidedtojointhespeakers.【答案】8.B9.B【解析】【原文】M:Whatdoyouwanttodothisweekend?W:Oh,Idon’tknow.Maybegotothebeachifit’sniceweather.M:ButwedidthatlastweekendLet’sdosomethingdifferent.W:Hum...Hey,Iknowwhat!Whydon’tweclimbMt.Tai?M:Greatidea!I’vealwayswantedtodothat!W:PaulandMarytalkedaboutabicyclerideyesterday,buttheyhaven’tmadethefinaldecision.Maybewecouldpersuadethemtojoinus.M:Wonderful!I’llgivethemacallrightnow.听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.SignupforaPEclass.B.Interviewthemaninthegym.C.Takesomeexercisetokeepfit.11.Whatsportdoesthewomandislikedoing?A.Jogging. B.Running. C.Weight-lifting.12.Howoftendoesthemanadvisethewomantoworkoutatfirst?A.Twiceaweek. B.Threetimesaweek. C.Fourtimesaweek.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheiseagertostarttheclass.B.Sheoftenworksoutinthegym.C.Shehasdonesomeexerciserecently.【答案】10.C11.A12.A13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hello,mynameisJaneandI’dliketoknowsomethingaboutgettingfit.M:Hi,Jane.Whattypeofexercisedoyouenjoydoing?W:Ilikedoingphysicalexercise,butIhatejogging.Idon’tminddoingsomeweight-lifting,though.M:Great!Howoftencanyouworkout?W:Twiceorthreetimesaweekwouldbegood.M:Whydon’twegetstartedwithaphysicalexerciseclasstwiceaweek?W:Soundsfinetome.M:You’llneedtostartslowlyandbuildupgraduallytothreeorfourtimesaweek.W:HowdoIsignupfortheclasses?M:Youneedtojointhegymandthenyoucanchoosewhichclassfitsyourtimetablebest.W:Great!Ican’twaittogetstarted.Thanksforyouradvice.M:Noproblem.I’llseeyouinthephysicalexerciseclasses!听下面一段长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatkindofbusinessdidthemanstart?A.Agrocerystore. B.Asmallrestaurant. C.Anicecreamshop.15.HowmanyemployeesatmostarethereinasmallbusinessintheUS?A.300. B.400. C.500.16.Whydidthemanopenhisbusinessinthesuburbs?A.Toavoidcompeting. B.Toearnmoremoney. C.Toattractmorecustomers.17.Howdidthemangetthemoneytostarthisbusiness?A.Bysavingmoneybyhimself.B.Bygettingaloanfromabank.C.Byborrowingmoneyfromanorganization.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【解析】【原文】M:Mysmallbusinessisopeningtomorrow.Itisasmallrestaurantinthesuburbs.W:Areallsmallbusinessesrestaurants?M:No,asmallbusinesscanbeanythingfromagrocerystoretoalawyer’soffice.Itisdefinedmainlybyhowmanypeopleareemployed.IntheUnitedStates,ifyouhavelessthan500employees,youareconsideredasmallbusiness.W:Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofowningasmallbusiness?M:Ihaveacloserrelationshipwithmycustomersanditcostslesstostartup.Butthereisahigherriskoffailureiftheownerdoesnotpreparewisely.Also,biggerbusinesseshavedestroyedalotofsmallbusinesses.Thatiswhymyrestaurantisinthesuburbs,tostayawayfromthebiggerbusinesses.W:Wheredidyougetthemoneytostartyourrestaurant?M:Ihavebeensavingmymoneyforfiveyearstostartit.Youcanalsogetmoneyfromaprivateorganizationoraloanfromabank.W:IthinkIwouldliketoopenanicecreamshop.M:Youshould!Havingasmallbusinessofyourownisveryrewarding!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatcanwelearnfromthenews?A.Novillagerwaskilled.B.15houseswerebadlydamaged.C.Over200peopleweremadehomeless.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefarmer?A.Hiswifewasmissing.B.Hishousewasdestroyed.C.Oneofhischildrenwaskilled.20.Whatdidthewomandowhenshesawherhouseshaking?A.Shetriedtotakesomethingout.B.Sherushedoutwithherchildren.C.Shetoldherhusbandnottoleave.【答案】18.C19.B20.B【解析】【原文】Backtothenews.LastFridayastormhittwovillagesdestroyingfourteenhouses.Sevenothersweresobadlydamagedthattheirownershadtoleavethem,andfifteenothershadbrokenwindows.Onepersonwaskilled,andninewerebadlyinjuredandtakentothehospital.Anumberofotherpeoplegotsmallinjuries.Altogetherovertwohundredwerelefthomelessasaresultofthestorm.Afarmersaidthestormbeganearlyinthemorningandlastedoveranhour.Hewasinthekitchenwithhiswifeandhischildrenwhentheyheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslatertheirhousefelldownontopofthem.Theymanagedtoclimboutbutthenhesawthatoneofhischildrenwasmissing.Hewentbackinsideandfoundhimsafebutveryfrightened.Awomansaidthatherhusbandhadjustleftforworkwhenshenoticedthatherhousewasshaking.Sherushedoutsideimmediatelywithherchildren.Therewasnotimeforhertotakeanything.Afewminuteslater,theroofcamedown.Soldierswenttotheareatohelpthepeopleintrouble.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhoWasE.B.White?Today，mostpeoplerememberE.B.Whiteasthebelovedchildren’sbookauthorwhogaveusCharloue’sWebandStuantLittle，butdidyouknowthatmostofhiscareerwasspentwritingforfamousmagazineslikeTheNewYorker?Hislifelongdreamofwritingachildren’sbookaboutamousewouldtakeyearstogetpublished.Afewyearslater，Whitewouldpublishyetanotherchildren’sbookinspiredbyapighehadraised.WhoWasJohnnyCash?JohnnyCashwasfamousasacountrymusiclegendandaniconofAmericansongwriting.Duetohiswiderangeofmusicaltalent，JohnnyCashhasbeeninductedintotheCountry，RockandRoll，Rockabilly，andGospelHallsofFame.Healsowon11Grammysand9CountryMusicAssociationAwards.WhoWasCharlesSchulz?CharlesSchulzloveddrawingfromthetimehewasayoungchild，andashegrewolder，heturnedthispassionintoasuccessfulcareer.Hisearlydoodles(涂鸦)ofhisnaughtydogandofashyboyinspiredtwoofhismostfamiliarandbelovedcharacters，CharlieBrownandSnoopy.WhoWasLeviStrauss?Asayoungworking-classGermanimmigrant，LeviStrausslefthisfamily’sdrygoodsbusinessinNewYorkCitytojourneyoutwestfortheCaliforiaGoldRush.OnlyLeviwasn’tlookingforgold—hewantedtoprovidetheminerswithstrongclothestowear.Hissolution?Bluejeans—whichhavebecomeoneofthemostbelovedandfashionableclothingitemsintheworld.21.WhatdidE.B.Whitedoinmostofhiscareer?A.Hewrotechildren’sbooks. B.Hewroteformagazines.C.Hepublishedbooks. D.Heraisedapig.22.Whosechildhoodhobbycontributedtohisadultsuccess?A.E.B.White. B.E.B.White.C.CharlesSchulz. D.LeviStrauss.23.WhatdidLeviStraussgotoCaliforniafor?A.Lookingforgold. B.Makingafortune.C.Makingclothesforminers. D.Runningdrygoodsbusiness.【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。本文简要介绍了四位著名人物。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的“butdidyouknowthatmostofhiscareerwasspentwritingforfamousmagazineslikeTheNewYorker?(但你知道他的大部分职业生涯都是为《纽约客》等著名杂志撰稿吗?)”可知，E.B.White大部分职业生涯都在为杂志撰稿。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下的“CharlesSchulzloveddrawingfromthetimehewasayoungchild，andashegrewolder，heturnedthispassionintoasuccessfulcareer.(查尔斯·舒尔茨从小就喜欢画画，随着年龄的增长，他把这种热情转化为成功的事业。)”可知，CharlesSchulz小时候的爱好促成了长大后的事业成功。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第四个小标题下的“OnlyLeviwasn’tlookingforgold—hewantedtoprovidetheminerswithstrongclothestowear.(只是利瓦伊不是在找金子——他想给矿工们提供结实的衣服穿。)”可知，只有Levi不是为了淘金，而是为了给矿工提供耐穿的衣服。因此可知，他去加利福尼亚是为了给旷工做衣服。故选C。BTexan81-year-oldgoodfriendsEllieHambyandSandyHazeliptouredtheworldin80daysprovingthatadventuredoesn’thaveanagelimit.Theirfirststopwasalocationchallengingevenmanyexperiencedtravelers:theAntarctic.GettingtothesouthernmostcontinentfirstrequiredcrossingtheDrakePassage,thewatersbetweenthesoutherntipofSouthAmericaandtheAntarctic’sSouthShetlandIslands.“Foralmosttwodays,wewererockingandrolling,slippingandslidingthroughtheDrakePassageandwewereholdingonfordearlife,“Hambysaid.Thevoyage,however,fadedfromtheirmindastheysetfootonthegroundoftheAntarctic,fascinatedbythebreathtakingbeautyofpenguins,icebergsandglaciers.Sincethatfirstventure,thepairhavevisited18countriesacrossallsevencontinents.Anddespitethechallengesinternationaltravelpresented,thegoodfriendssaidtheyhadfinishedtheirtripwithoutanyargument.Thoughthey’rebothindependentandstubborn,theyrespecteachother’sfeelings.Andwhattheyrememberthemostarethepeoplethattheymet.“Wemetsomeofthemostwonderful,kindest,friendliestpeople.Wejusthavefriendsnowallovertheworldthatwelovedearly,”Hambysaid.Thetwosharedacrucialpieceofadvicefortravelersworryingaboutthelanguagebarrierontheirownadventures.”Youknow,peopleoftenaskusaboutit,”saidHamby.”Wetellthemthere’soneuniversallanguage,andthat’sthesmile.WefounditworkedwondersbecausewewereoftenawarethatEnglishwasnotalwaysspokenandthatthesmilecouldcoveralllanguages.”Theyalsoencouragedotherolderpeoplenottoletageholdthemback.Asidefromsomeminorchangesinplans,theiragedidn’taffecttheiritinerary(旅程)abroad.Theysaidtheyfeltconfidentthatiftheywereinjuredduringtheirtrip,theirchildrenwouldhavebeenatpeaceknowingthattheyweredoingwhattheyabsolutelywanted.AndHazelipdescribed81astheperfectagetoembarkonatrip.”Gettingolderdoesgiveusalittlebitofwisdomofmakingdecisions,”shesaid.24.WhatmightthepairthinkoftheirtriptotheAntaretic?A.Briefbutexciting. B.Toughbutworthwhile.C.Interestingbutfruitless. D.Unpleasantbutmemorable.25.Whatisthehighlightofthepair’sadventuresforthemselves?A.Meetingnicepeoplealongtheway.B.Experiencingmanychallengingactivities.C.Learningaboutdifferentculturesfromtravelers.D.Avoidingconflictsdespitetheirstubbornnature.26.Whathelpedthepaircommunicatewithpeopleduringtheadventure?A.English. B.Thesmile.C.Crucialadvice. D.Universalgestures.27.Whatcanweinferaboutthepairfromthelastparagraph?A.TheyfelldownwhenridingabikeinBali.B.Theyregrettednotexploringtheworldearlier.C.Theirchildrenunderstoodandsupportedthem.D.Theirwisdomsavedthemlotsoftimeduringtheirtrip.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。来自得克萨斯州的两位81岁的好友EllieHamby和SandyHazelip周游世界八十天。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的““Foralmosttwodays，wewererockingandrolling，slippingandslidingthroughtheDrakePassageandwewereholdingonfordearlife，”Hambysaid.Thevoyage，however，fadedfromtheirmindastheysetfootonthegroundoftheAntarctic，fascinatedbythebreathtakingbeautyofpenguins，icebergsandglaciers.(Hamby说:“在差不多两天的时间里，我们在德雷克海峡里摇晃着，打滑着，我们拼命地坚持着。”然而，当他们踏上南极的土地，被企鹅、冰山和冰川的惊人美景所吸引时，这次航行就从他们的脑海中淡去了。)”可知，ElieHamby和SandyHazelip前往南极洲的旅程非常艰辛，但见到南极洲的风光后她们又觉得很值得。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andwhattheyrememberthemostarethepeoplethattheymet.“Wemetsomeofthemostwonderful,kindest,friendliestpeople.Wejusthavefriendsnowallovertheworldthatwelovedearly,”Hambysaid.(他们记得最深刻的是他们遇到的人。“我们遇到了一些最优秀、最善良、最友好的人。我们现在在世界各地都有我们深爱的朋友。”)"可知。这两个人旅行的亮点是沿途遇到一些善良的人。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Wetellthemthere’soneuniversallanguage,andthat’sthesmile.WefounditworkedwondersbecausewewereoftenawarethatEnglishwasnotalwaysspokenandthatthesmilecouldcoveralllanguages.(我们告诉他们世界上有一种通用语言，那就是微笑。我们发现这很有效，因为我们经常意识到英语并不总是被说的，而微笑可以涵盖所有的语言。)”可知，Hammby推荐通用语言“微笑”，因此推断“微笑”有助于她们与人的交流。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theysaidtheyfeltconfidentthatiftheywereinjuredduringtheirtrip,theirchildrenwouldhavebeenatpeaceknowingthattheyweredoingwhattheyabsolutelywanted.(他们说，他们有信心，如果他们在旅行中受伤，他们的孩子会知道他们在做他们绝对想做的事情。)”可推断，EllieHamby和SandyHazelip的孩子们是理解并支持她们的。CTheFederalCommunicationsCommissionoftheUSrecentlyissuedthefirst-everfineforspacejunk,againsttheDishNetwork.Thesatellitetelevisioncompanyfailedtoproperlydealwithoneofitssatellites,leavingitatalowerorbitthanitpromisedwhensecuringitslicense.Somespacejunkwasdiscardedduringmissions—maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.Otherjunk,however,istheresultofcollisions:Eventhatluckypenny,travelingat15timesthespeedofabullet,cancausehugedamage—endingasatellite’smissionor,worse,breakingthatsatelliteintopieces.That’sobviouslybadnewsforsatellites.Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.Andwhiletrafficmanagementiscertainlynecessary,piecesofgarbagearenevergoingtobeabletofolloweventhemostsensiblerulesoftheorbitalroad.Thatmeanstwothingsneedtohappen:Peopleneedtostoplittering,andtheyneedtotakeoutsometrash.Theprofessionals,unsurprisingly,havemorecarefullyconsiderednamesfortheseprocesses—mitigation(减轻)andremediation(补救).Anytimeacompanywantstoputasatelliteinthesky,itshouldhaveaclearplanfortheinstrument’sendoflife.Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步轨道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillbumupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.Activeremovalofgarbagethathasfailedtogetoutofthewayistechnicallytricky,butatleastforlargeobjects,remediationispossible.Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(协定)toseta21st-centurycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inparagraph2mean?A.Collectedup. B.Thrownaway.C.Produced. D.Ignored.29.Whycan’twereducethenumberofsatelliteslaunchedeveryyear?A.Thesatellitesbenefitourlifealot.B.Weneednewsatellitestoreplaceoldones.C.Countriesareusingsatellitestooccupyspace.D.Wemustmakeadeeperexplorationintotheuniverse.30.Whichofthefollowingarethemeasuresofstoplittering?①Sendingsatellitestothe“graveyard”orbit.②Movingobjectslowerstill.③Activeremovalofdebris.A.①② B.②③ C.①③ D.①②③31.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toprovidesolutionstospacejunk.B.Toexplainthedamageofspacejunk.C.Tocalluponcountriestofinecompaniesmakingspacejunk.D.Toappealtonationsfortheprotectionoffspaceenvironment.【答案】28.B29.A30.A31.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍是应该如何处理在人类探索太空的过程中产生的太空垃圾。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中破折号后的“maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.(也许是宇航员掉了他的幸运硬币，或者是在仪器不再需要时松开了相机盖。)”可知，此处解释的是太空垃圾的来源，可能是宇航员掉落的幸运币，也可是被丢弃的相机盖子等，都是在执行太空任务中被扔掉的太空垃圾，由此可知，discard的意思与“丢弃，掉落”的意义相近。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.(解决办法不是要求发射更少的卫星；这些卫星会给地球上的人们带来真正的好处。)”可知，对于卫星会被太空垃圾摧毁，我们的解决办法不是少发射卫星，因为这些卫星会给全球人民带来实实在在的好处。故选A项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步轨道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillbumupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.(对于在非常高的地球同步轨道上的物体，这通常涉及将物体送到偏僻的“墓地”轨道。对于较低的物体，它倾向于将它们移动到更低的地方，这样它们在重新进入大气层时就会燃烧殆尽。)”可知，该部分讲述的是处理太空垃圾的方法，对于在非常高的地球同步轨道上的卫星，可以将其送到远离地球同步轨道的“墓地”轨道；对于较低轨道上的卫星，可以将它们移动到更低的地方。故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段“Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(协定)toseta21st-centurycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.(令人鼓舞的是，一些国家已经开始尝试。然而，没有哪个国家能够独自拯救太空。一项旨在制定21世纪空间行为准则的全球公约正在制定之中。)”以及上文中讲述的太空垃圾的危害和我们应该如何处理太空垃圾可知，一些国家已经开始着手处理太空垃圾，但没有一个国家能独自拯救太空，需要制定一项全球公约来维护太空，由此可知，作者旨在呼吁各个国家制定21世纪太空行为准则，共同保护太空环境。故选D项。DTheperiodictableofelementsisacommonsightinclassrooms,campushallwaysandlibraries.Themodeperiodictablearrangestheelementsbytheiratomicnumbersandperiodicproperties(周期性).Severalscientistsworkedoveracenturytoassembletheelementsintothisformat.In1789,FrenchchemistAntoineLavoisiertriedgroupingtheelementsasmetalsandnonmetals.Fortyyearslater,GermanphysicistJohannWolfgangDobereinerobservedsimilaritiesinphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofcertainelements.Hearrangedthemingroupsofthreeinincreasingorderofatomicweightandcalledthemtriads,observingthatsomepropertiesofthemiddleelement,suchasatomicweightanddensity,approximatedtheaveragevalueofthesepropertiesintheothertwoineachtriad.AbreakthroughcamewiththepublicationofarevisedlistofelementsandtheiratomicmassesatthefirstinternationalconferenceofchemistryinKarlsruhe,Germany,in1860.Theyconcludedhydrogenwouldbeassignedtheatomicweightof1andthattheatomicweightofotherelementswouldbedecidedbycomparisonwithhydrogen.Forexample,carbon,being12timesheavierthanhydrogen,wouldhaveanatomicweightof12.In1869,RussianchemistDmitriMendeleevcreatedtheframeworkthatbecamethemoderperiodictable,leavinggapsforelementsthatwereyettobediscovered.Mendeleevpredictedthepropertiesofsomeundiscoveredelementsandgavethemnamessuchas“eka-aluminum”foranelementwithpropertiessimilartoaluminum.Later“eka-aluminum”wasdiscoveredasgallium.GermanchemistLotharMeyerproducedaversionoftheperiodictablesimilartoMendeleev’sin1870.Heleftgapsforundiscoveredelementsbutneverpredictedtheirproperties.TheRoyalSocietyofLondonawardedtheDavyMedalin1882tobothMendeleevandMeyer.ThelaterdiscoveryofelementspredictedbyMendeleevverified(证实)hispredictionsandhisperiodictablewonuniversalrecognition.In1955the101stelementwasnamedmendeleviuminhishonor.OnUNESCOwebsite,itwrote,“ThePeriodicTableofChemicalElementsismorethanjustaguideorcatalogueoftheentireknownatomsintheuniverse;itisessentiallyawindowontheuniverse,helpingtoexpandourunderstandingoftheworldaroundus.”32.WhatisthebreakthroughattheconferenceinGermany?A.Theatomicweightofcarbonwascalculatedbyscientists.B.Abrand-newperiodictablewaspublishedatthemeeting.C.Theelementsinthetablewererearrangedbytheproperties.D.Theatomicweightofelementswasquantifiedbasedonhydrogen.33.HowdidMendeleevcontributetothemodernperiodictable?A.Hemadeitmorecomplete.B.Hemadeiteasiertounderstand.C.Hewasthefirsttoarrangetheelementsbyatomicmasses.D.Hediscoveredmanynewpropertiesofsomeknownelements.34.Whatisthesignificanceofthediscoveryoftheperiodictable?A.Itisawindowintochemistry.B.Itisahelpertolearnabouthistory.C.Itisaguidetoexploringthemicroworld.D.Itisadescriptionofschoolcurricula’shistory.35.Howisthetextdeveloped?A.Inorderoftheelements’importance. B.Byfollowingthetimeorder.C.Inorderofscientists’achievements. D.Bymakingcomparisons.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了《元素周期表》产生的过程。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AbreakthroughcamewiththepublicationofarevisedlistofelementsandtheiratomicmassesatthefirstinternationalconferenceofchemistryinKarlsruhe,Germany,in1860.Theyconcludedhydrogenwouldbeassignedtheatomicweightof1andthattheatomicweightofotherelementswouldbedecidedbycomparisonwithhydrogen.Forexample,carbon,being12timesheavierthanhydrogen,wouldhaveanatomicweightof12.(1860年，在德国卡尔斯鲁厄(Karlsruhe)举行的第一届国际化学会议上，修订的元素表及其原子质量的公布带来了突破。他们得出结论，氢的原子量为1，其他元素的原子量将通过与氢的比较来确定。例如，碳比氢重12倍，那么它的原子量就是12)”可知，德国会议的突破是元素的原子量是根据氢来量化的。故选D项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“In1869,RussianchemistDmitriMendeleevcreatedtheframeworkthatbecamethemoderperiodictable,leavinggapsforelementsthatwereyettobediscovered.Mendeleevpredictedthepropertiesofsomeundiscoveredelementsandgavethemnamessuchas“eka-aluminum”foranelementwithpropertiessimilartoaluminum.Later“eka-aluminum”wasdiscoveredasgallium.(1869年，俄罗斯化学家德米特里·门捷列夫(DmitriMendeleev)创建了现代元素周期表的框架，为尚未发现的元素留出了空白。门捷列夫预测了一些未被发现的元素的性质，并给它们起了名字，比如“eka-aluminum”，表示一种与铝性质相似的元素。后来“eka-aluminum”被发现为镓)”以及第五段“ThelaterdiscoveryofelementspredictedbyMendeleevverified(证实)hispredictionsandhisperiodictablewonuniversalrecognition.(后来门捷列夫预言的元素的发现证实了他的预言，他的元素周期表赢得了普遍的认可)”可知，门捷列夫预测了一些未被发现的元素的性质，并得到证实，赢得了普遍的认可，也就是说他使元素周期表更完整。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“OnUNESCOwebsite,itwrote,“ThePeriodicTableofChemicalElementsismorethanjustaguideorcatalogueoftheentireknownatomsintheuniverse;itisessentiallyawindowontheuniverse,helpingtoexpandourunderstandingoftheworldaroundus.”(在联合国教科文组织网站上，它写道：“化学元素周期表不仅仅是宇宙中所有已知原子的指南或目录；它本质上是宇宙的一扇窗口，有助于扩大我们对周围世界的理解。”)”可知，元素周期表的发现是探索微观世界的指南。故选C项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“In1789,FrenchchemistAntoineLavoisiertriedgroupingtheelementsasmetalsandnonmetals.Fortyyearslater,GermanphysicistJohannWolfgangDobereinerobservedsimilaritiesinphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofcertainelements.(1789年，法国化学家安托万·拉瓦锡尝试将元素分为金属和非金属。四十年后，德国物理学家约翰·沃尔夫冈·多贝雷纳(JohannWolfgangDobereiner)观察到某些元素在物理和化学性质上的相似性)”，第三段“AbreakthroughcamewiththepublicationofarevisedlistofelementsandtheiratomicmassesatthefirstinternationalconferenceofchemistryinKarlsruhe,Germany,in1860.(1860年，在德国卡尔斯鲁厄(Karlsruhe)举行的第一届国际化学会议上，修订的元素表及其原子质量的公布带来了突破)”以及第四段“In1869,RussianchemistDmitriMendeleevcreatedtheframeworkthatbecamethemoderperiodictable,leavinggapsforelementsthatwereyettobediscovered.(1869年，俄罗斯化学家德米特里·门捷列夫(DmitriMendeleev)创建了现代元素周期表的框架，为尚未发现的元素留出了空白)”和倒数第二段“GermanchemistLotharMeyerproducedaversionoftheperiodictablesimilartoMendeleev’sin1870.Heleftgapsforundiscoveredelementsbutneverpredictedtheirproperties.TheRoyalSocietyofLondonawardedtheDavyMedalin1882tobothMendeleevandMeyer.ThelaterdiscoveryofelementspredictedbyMendeleevverified(证实)hispredictionsandhisperiodictablewonuniversalrecognition.In1955the101stelementwasnamedmendeleviuminhishonor.(1870年，德国化学家洛塔尔·迈耶制作了一张与门捷列夫相似的元素周期表。他为未发现的元素留下了空白，但从未预测过它们的性质。1882年，伦敦皇家学会向门捷列夫和迈耶颁发了戴维奖章。后来门捷列夫预测的元素的发现证实了他的预测，他的元素周期表得到了普遍的认可。1955年，第101号元素以他的名字命名为钔)”可知，文章按照时间顺序发展的。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Behavioralscientistshavefoundthatgoodlisteningisoneofthemostimportantthingswecandotoimproveourrelationships.____36____Atitscore,listeninginaone-on-oneconversationisabouttakinganinterestinanotherpersonandmakinghim/herfeelunderstood.____37____Butsomerecurring(重复出现)featuresincludeattentiveness,conveyingunderstanding,andshowingapositiveintentiontowardsthespeaker.Inadditiontoactivelyattendingtoaspeaker’swords,goodlistenersalsousequestionsandbodylanguagethatindicatetheirunderstandingandtheirdesiretounderstand.Thismightfeelawkwardatfirst,andwhat’smosteffectivemightdependonyourrelationshipwiththespeaker.____38____Anothergreatwaytoshowyourunderstandingisbysummarizingwhatyoujustheardandaskingifyouhavemissedanything.Summarieslikethisshowthespeakerthatyou’retrulytryingtounderstandhim/herratherthanjustwaitingforyourturntotalk.Butwhileagoodconversationrequiresbackandforth,planningoutyourresponsewhilethespeakeristalkingisacommonwaytomisswhat’sbeingsaid.____39____Thismightfeelembarrassing,butaskingforclarificationactually