2024-2025学年北京市朝阳区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

2024—2025学年北京市朝阳区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

一、完形填空(★★)ForanyonewhohastakenthepathtoHighRockLookout(瞭望台)inWashington,they’llknowit’shard.However,the79-year-oldwomanBannisterwas_______ofgettingtothelookoutbecauseshehadgoneupmanytimesbefore.AsBannister_______,shemadeittothetop.Whenshebeganheadingbackdown,shecaughtherfootinaholeand_______forwardhard.Bythetimesheturnedherselfrightsideup,shefoundherfootwaspointingthewrongway.Inpainshecriedoutforhelp.BeforelongtwoyounghikersJackandAllencametohersideandcalled911.Asearchandrescueteamsaidthey’dbetherein5hours,which_______everybody.Bannisteraskedtheyoungmeniftheyhadanypainkillers,andthey_______theydidnot.Realisingthewomanhadnothingtohelpherselffor5upcominghoursofgreatpain,Jacktookaction.Liftingher_______ontohisback,hebegantheslow,carefuljourneydownhill.Jackhikedthree-quartersofthejourney,whileAllentookcareoftheremainingdistance.Oncethey_______,AllenspedBannisterofftothehospital.Thedoctorstoldhershehadbrokenseveralbonesandthatitmighthavebeenalotworsewithoutthe_______help.Shethenbeganalongroadtorecoverythatsawpeoplecomeandvisither,includingJackandAllen,whowonanachievementmedalfortheir_______.“Iwasfilledwith__________thattheyjustcameoutofthewoodstohelpmeandtheyweretotallyunselfishandkind,”Bannistersaid,addingthatthefriendshipshegainedinJackandAllenwasworthmorethanthepainanddiscomfort.1.A．confidentB．carefulC．uncertainD．afraid2.A．demandedB．complainedC．predictedD．pretended3.A．jumpedB．fellC．lookedD．pushed4.A．discouragedB．enlightenedC．relievedD．interrupted5.A．announcedB．proposedC．repliedD．reflected6.A．regularlyB．gentlyC．accidentallyD．casually7.A．setoutB．turnedaroundC．gotdownD．wenton8.A．potentialB．professionalC．frequentD．immediate9.A．cooperationB．disciplineC．insightsD．efforts10.A．passionB．appreciationC．satisfactionD．admiration二、选词填空(★★)阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的单词或词组，并使用其正确形式填空。

dominatemotivatefigureoutdecreaseencounterregardlessofrelyonapartfromstrivetolocate11.Teachingisallabouthowto________peopletolearn.12.Ittookmealongtimeto________whathereallymeant.13.Technologyshouldserveusratherthan________ourlives.14.Jamesdecidedtopursuehisdream________whatotherssaid.15.________theirflatinthecity,theyalsohaveahouseinthecountryside.16.Aftertheheavystorm,rescueplanestriedto________themissingsailors.17.ZhangGuimei’smessagetoyounggirlsisto________betheirbestselves.18.Mike________manydoubtsfromhisclassmateswhenheproposedanewplan.19.Thenumberofthepatientsinfectedbyflu________significantlyinthepastfewweeks.20.Thesmalltown________tourismannuallyforitseconomicdevelopmentduringthetouristseason.三、语法填空(★★)21.Thetrain________(leave)beforeIgottothestation.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★)22.Doctorssayweshouldhaveoureyes________(test)everyyear.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★★)23.Ihaveagoodcollectionofbooks,from________Ibenefitalot.(用适当的词填空)(★★)24.Youmustbe________(absolute)silentorthebirdswon’tappear.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★★)25.________(cover)withthicksnow,themountainslooklikeasilverworld.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★★)26.At6o’clocktomorrowafternoon,we________(practise)basketballskills.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★★)27.They________(work)ontheirprogramallyearandarehopingtofinishitsoon.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★)28.________(run)inthemorningisagoodhabitthathelpsimprovemyphysicalhealth.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★)29.Thespeechaboutcareerplanning________(give)intheschoollecturehalllastFriday.(所给词的适当形式填空)(★★)30.Thebuilding,________theimportantconferenceisbeingheld,isinthecenterofthecity.(用适当的词填空)四、阅读理解(★★)Callingallfuturescientistsandengineers!EUREKA!ishostingourannualsciencefair!Here’syourchancetoapplyyourloveofSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)bycreatingandconductingyourownscientificinvestigation(调查研究).Participationisfreeandopentoallhighschoolstudents!Studentscaneitherenterasanindividualorasateamofnomorethan3members.Judgingwillbebasedongrade,sotherewillbeseparateprizesfordifferentgraders.Ifateamiscomposedofstudentsfromdifferentgrades,theprojectwillbejudgedinthegradecategoryoftheoldestparticipant’sgrade.ProjectSubmissionAllofthefollowingmustbecompletedbySunday,March9,2025:·Completetheregistrationform(oneperteam).•Createanelectronicdisplaypostersummarisingtheirprojectandemailittothesciencefaircommittee.•Createavideopresentation(lessthan5minutes)explainingtheirprojecttothejudges,andemailittothesciencefaircommittee.SafetyRulesItisimportanttowearproperprotectivegear(装备)whennecessaryinadditiontodisposingof(处理)wasteproperlywhenconductingascientificinvestigation.WestronglyrecommendthatguardianslookupandstudySafetyDataSheetsforanychemicalsthattheirstudentsuseandacceptresponsibilityfornotallowingtheirstudentstoexperimentwithdangerouschemicals.Projectsthatincludethedangerouscomponentsgoagainstoursafetyrules,andwillnotbedisplayedorjudged.PleasecontactEUREKA!directlytodiscussifyouareunsureaboutyourproject.31.Toenterthesciencefair,participantsneedto________.

A．forma3-memberteamB．applyforSTEMcoursesC．behighschoolstudentsD．comefromthesamegrade32.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodobythesubmissiondate?

A．Submittheirdisplayposter.B．Fillintheregistrationformindividually.C．Videotheinvestigationprocess.D．Presenttheirprojecttojudgesinperson.33.Whatwillcausetheprojectdisplaytobecancelled?

A．Gettingridofprojectwasteimproperly.B．Involvingharmfulchemicalsintheproject.C．Performingexperimentswithoutaguardian.D．Conductinginvestigationswithoutprotection.(★★★)WhenIgotmyfirstresearchprojecttowork,Iwassoexcited.Seeingresearchinactionwasenjoyable.Myexcitement,though,wassooncutshortwhenmyprofessoraskedmetowritearesearchpaperontheproject.Mybodytensed.WritingwasthelastthingIwantedtodo;it’sonereasonwhyIpursuedscienceinthefirstplace.IhadhatedwritingsinceIwasalittleboy.ButIcouldn’tavoidit:writingclasseswererequiredinhighschool.Forhours,Istaredatblankpages,tryingtoturnmydisorganisedthoughtsintofluentsentences.Myteacherswouldreturnmypaperslitteredwithred,showingmyparagraphswereoutoforder.Iwasfrustratedtonoend.HowcouldIknowwhatwasgoodiftherewasnoobjectivelyrightanswer?MaybeIwasn’tcutoutforwriting.Istudiedengineeringincollege.Afewyearslater,Ijoinedaresearchlab.Theprofessorassignedmeaninitialprojecttoimprovetheefficiencyofaninductor(电路感应器).Ispentweekssettingupatestforanewdesign.WhenIgottheresults,though,thenumbersweren’tgood.Ikepttryingnewdesigns,usingtheresultstobrainstormideaswithateamofresearchers.Finally,afterdozensofdesigns,wehadonethatcouldwork.Iwasoverjoyed—untilmyprofessortoldmetowritethatresearchpaper.Inpanic,Iaskedagraduatestudentinmylabforhelp.Icarefullywroteanoutline.ButwhenIaskedhimforfeedback,Isoonfoundthepaperfullofredmarks.BeforeIcouldquitindefeat,though,thegraduatestudentexplainedreddidn’tmeanIwasabadwriter.Writingisn’taone-and-donething.Itrequiresrevisingyourwork,oftenseveraltimes.Suddenlyitoccurredtome,“Hadn’tIdonethesamethingwhenIwasdesigningmyresearchproject?”Ikeptimprovingmyoutline,eventuallyturningitintosentencesandparagraphs,guidedbyfeedbackfromothers.Finally,Imadeit,andsurprisingly,Iwashavingfun.Fromthenon,writingbecameoneofmyfavouritepartsofresearch,anditstillistoday.It’safutureInevercouldhaveimaginedduringmyearlystruggleswithwritingclasses.ButIcamearound.34.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenaskedtowritearesearchpaper?

A．Regretful.B．Ashamed.C．Disappointed.D．Unwilling.35.Theauthor’steacherreturnedhispaperslitteredwithredbecause________.

A．hehandedinblankpagesB．hissentencesweresmoothC．hiswritinglackedorganisationD．hecombinedscienceinhiswriting36.Whichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor’sfinalresearchdesign?

A．Hard-earned.B．Confusing.C．Well-known.D．Worrying.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistools.D．Trialanderroropensthedoortoprogress.(★★★★)Weareconstantlytaughtthatactingearlyratherthanprocrastinatingisthekeytosuccess,because“hewhohesitatesislost.”Whenwehaveameaningfultask,we’readvisedtogetitdonewellaheadofschedule.Whenwehaveanoriginalideatoinventaproductorstartacompany,we’reencouragedtobethefirstmover.Recently,anunusuallycreativedoctoralstudentnamedJihaeShinapproachedmewithanoppositeidea:procrastinationmightbefavorabletooriginality.Ichallengedhertotestit.Shinaskedcollegestudentstowriteproposalsforabusinessonauniversitycampustofillalotwherethereusedtobeaconveniencestore.Whentheystartedthetaskimmediately,theytendedtoproposeconventionalideas—likeanotherconveniencestore.WhenShinrandomlyassignedsomeoftheparticipantstoprocrastinate,puttingoffthetasktoplaygames,theyproducedmorenovelbusinessideas,likealecturecenterandastoragefacility.Independentratersevaluatedthefinalproposals,withoutknowingwhoprocrastinatedandwhostartedimmediately.Theproposalsfromtheprocrastinatorswere28percentmorecreative.Althoughwewereexcitedbytheseresults,wewereconcernedthatprocrastinationwasn’ttherealcauseofcreativity.Perhapsitwasplayinggamesthatprovidedmentalstimulation,orthatsimplygavethemabreakawayfromthetasktothink.Buttheexperimentshowedthatneitherplayinggamesnortakingabreakenhancedcreativity.Whenpeopleplayedgamesfirst,beforelearningaboutthetask,theydidn’tsubmitmorenovelproposals.Todothat,theyneededtoactuallybeprocrastinatingwhileplayinggames,keepingthebusinessproposaltaskinthebackoftheirminds.Andwhentheystartedthetaskimmediatelyandthentookabreakbeforereturningtoit,theyhadalreadymadetoomuchprogresstostartoverafresh.Inaclassicstudy,marketingresearchersPeterGolderandGerardTelliscomparedthesuccessofcompaniesthatwereeitherpioneersorsettlers.Thepioneerswerefirstmovers.Thesettlerswereslowertolaunch.WhenGolderandTellisanalysedhundredsofbrandsinthreedozendifferentproductcategories,theyfoundasurprisingdifferenceinfailurerates:47percentforpioneers,comparedwithjust8percentforsettlers.Evenwhenthepioneersdidsurvive,theyonlycapturedanaverageof10percentofthemarket,comparedwith28percentforsettlers.Settlersareoftenbrandedascopycats,butthisfixedimpressionofthemmissesthemark.Insteadoffollowingtheexistingdemand,theywaitfortherighttimeuntilthey’rereadytointroducesomethingnew.It’struethattheearlybirdgetstheworm,butwecan’tforgetthattheearlywormgetscaught.38.Accordingtothepassage,Shin’stheorysuggeststhat________.

A．beingthefirstmovermakessuccessmorelikelyB．balancingworkingandhavingabreakisimportantC．delayingataskcanofferustimetothinkbeforeactingD．peoplearelesscreativeduetomentalstimulationofgames39.Whatcanwelearnfromtheclassicstudy?

A．Pioneerssetaperfectstandardforsettlers.B．Pioneersalwayswincompetitiveadvantages.C．Settlers’successistheresultofstrategictiming.D．Settlersturnedouttobeincapableofinnovating.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A．Toemphasisetheimportanceofactingearlyinsuccess.B．Todemonstrateprocrastinationcanbearesourceforcreativity.C．Toprovetheeffectivenessofourtraditionalbeliefinprocrastinating.D．Tocomparetheprocrastinators’creativitybetweenrecentandclassicstudies.(★★★★)Let’sstartwiththeend.Ifyouknowanythingaboutthestateofartificialintelligence,it’sthatmanyofthepeopleadvancingthetechnologyareseriouslyworriedaboutthetechnologythey’readvancing.Twostatementsstandout.ThefirstfollowedthereleaseofthecompanyOpenAI’sChatGPT-4,callingforasix-monthpauseonanyAIsystemgoingbeyondGPT’scapabilities.Thesignatories(签署者)asked:“Shouldwedevelopnonhumanmindsthatmighteventuallyoutnumber,outsmart,andreplaceus?”Thesecondstatement,issuedinMay,2023,signedbynearlyallthemajorAIcompanyCEOsandmostofthetopAIresearchscientists,wasjust22wordslong:“Mitigating(减轻)theriskofextinctionfromAIshouldbeaglobalpriorityalongsideothersocietal-scaleriskslikepandemicsandnuclearwar.”So,who’sexcitedforAI?Iam?Maybe?AItoolsarehelpingthespeechlessspeakandreducingenergyconsumptionlargely.Therearebrilliantpeoplewhosaythisiskidstuff.Sooneveryonewillhaveacustomizedknowledgeassistant.Theremovaloflonelinessiscoming.Otherequallybrilliantpeoplegostraighttotheotherdirection.TheirimaginationcoverseverythingfromanAI-manufacturedextinction-levelvirustosocietaldestructionasjobsdisappearandinequalitybecomespermanent.OpenAI’sproductlaunchmadejawsdrop.Thetechismovingfast,butitsimpactwillarriveinwaves.We’vealreadyseenslightdecreaseinChatGPTusage.Thathardlymeanschatbotsaredoomed(注定失败的)orAIisacraze.Onlythatit’searly.Itwilltaketimetounderstandhowpeopleadapttothesenewtools.Thattimeshouldnotbewasted.Theprocessorswillkeepprocessing—andweneedtogetready.Becausehoweverfar-fetchedtheideaofanartificialgeneralintelligence—meaninganautonomoussystemthatonedaygoesbeyondhumanabilities—it’snotimpossible.WecanalsolookoutforthemanywaysAItoolscanhelpusfixthehardproblemshumanitysimplyhasn’tbeenabletosolve.That’sthegoalhere,inthisspace,toexamineAIinaslightlylessanxiety-strickenway.Thestorysofarhasbeentoldbygeniuseswithmixedmotivesandterribleemotionalintelligence.It’sreallynosurprisethatthey’realsolousystorytéllers.Whostartswithextinction?Let’sbeginagain,thistimewithcreation.Allofthesoftwarewe’veeverusedwasengineeredtoworkbackwardfromanoutcome.Itscreatorswantedtohelpyoufindawebpageorplayagame.Perhapsyou’venoticedthatthemajorAIchatbotsarrivedwithalmostnouserdocumentationorinstructions.That’swhatmakesthismomentunique.Wehumanshavecreatedatoolforpotentiallyinfinitetasks.Itsimperfectionsareourstosolve—anditspowersstillourstoshape.41.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwostatements?

A．ThepotentialofAIiscauseforconcern.B．AIadvancementdeservesaglobalpriority.C．TheriskAIbringsisimpossibletocontrol.D．AIisacommoninterestofwhoeverdevelopsit.42.AsforAI,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A．Itisunlikelytogobeyondhumanabilities.B．Itmaybeappliedtohandleclimatechange.C．Itismisusedbygeniuseswithbadmotives.D．Itwillgraduallymovetowardsimperfection.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lousy”inParagraph4probablymean?

A．Awful.B．Gifted.C．Unexpected.D．Experienced.44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．AIIsHumans’DoomedEnemyB．AIIsontheRoadtoDestructionC．AreWeAwareoftheRisksfromAI?D．DoWeHateAIforAlltheRightReasons?(★★★)Everynight,nomatterhowtiredIam,Icarveoutatleast5to10minutesforaquicklessononmylanguagelearningapp.Imightnotbefluentyet.45Learninganewlanguagecanbeincrediblyhelpfulforcognitivehealth,particularlyasweage.Thisisbecauselanguagelearningengagesawiderangeofcomplexcognitiveabilities.Theyincludememory,attention,andproblem-solving,whichcanhelptocreateandstrengthenconnectionsinthebrain.Thebenefitsgobeyondprotectingthebrainagainsttheeffectsofaging.46Weareallcitizensoftheworld,andit’simportantforustostayconnectedwithotherculturesandpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.Ofcourse,knowingthebenefitsdoesn’tnecessarilymaketheprocesseasy.Timeanddevotionaretwocommonchallengeswhenitcomestolearninganewlanguage.Butabigpartofthereasonwhyit’ssotoughcomesdowntoourself-consciousness.47Beingscaredtopractiseorembarrassedaboutmakingmistakescertainlydoesn’tmakeitanyeasier!48Consistencyisthekey!Evenjust5to10minutesadaycanhelp.Beingexposedtoandusingthetargetlanguageonadailybasis,eveninsmallamounts,cansignificantlyboostfluency.Besides,don’tjustlimityourdailylearningtoyourlessons.49Thiscanbedonethroughmedia,suchasmoviesandmusic,whichhelpstobuildlisteningskillsandexposesthelearnertothelanguagebeingusedinitsnaturalcontext.Languagelearningisagradualprocess.Embracingmistakesaspartofthelearningjourneyandstayingmotivatedthroughsettingachievablegoalscanmaketheexperiencebotheffectiveandenjoyable.

A．Thisallowspeopletolearnlanguagesnaturallyandefficiently.B．Butthat’sexactlywhylearninganewlanguagecanbesobeneficial.C．Expertsalsonotethatlanguagelearningcanhelppromotesocialconnections.D．It’simportanttocompletelyinvolveyourselfinthelanguageyouwanttoacquire.E．However,accordingtotheexperts,mydailylessonshavefar-reachingsignificance.F．Feelinganxiouscanstandinthewayofourprogresswhenlearninganewlanguage.G．Fortunately,thereareplentyofeffectivewaystoachieveyourlanguage-learninggoals.(★★)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Inmygrandparents’time,thequestionofwhethertorepairorreplaceanitemwasunimportant.Repairwasusuallytheonlyoption.So,whenfacedwithabrokenhoe(锄头),Idecidedtomaketherepair,justlikegrandpawouldhavedone.Idugthroughmytoolboxfortheneededparts,searchingforjusttherighttoolsinmycollection.Workingwithobjectsthathaveahistoryissatisfying,andIlovethinkingaboutthehandsthatusedthemtokeephomegoingsmoothly.Finally,Ichosemyfavouritehammer(锤子),passeddownfrommydad,whoreceiveditfromhisdad.Grandpa’shammerhasawornhandle,spottedwithcolorfulpaintfromalifetimeofprojects.Withjusttherightinstrumentinhand,Iwasreadytobegin.Alongwithhishammer,grandpapasseddowntheimportanceofhavingtherighttoolsforajob.Overtheyears,I’veenjoyedhearingthebackstorieso