2024北京高三一模英语汇编：阅读表达

2024北京高三一模英语汇编

阅读表达

一、阅读表达

(2024北京门头沟高三一模)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在指定区域作答。

Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedforblue-collarworkers.Overthecourseofthe20lhcentury,theworking­

classpantshavetransformedintofashioniconsandbecomepopulararoundtheworld.However,eachnewpairyou

buyhasamuchhighercost(hanyoumightthink.

Everypairofjeanstakesabout0.7kilogramsofcotton.Growingthismuchcottonrequiresroughly10,000liters

ofwater,nottomentionvariousherbicidesandpesticides,whichcanpollutegroundwater.Typically,plasticfibers

aremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortandflexibility.Inordertodyethecloth,chemicalspraysandseveral

cyclesofacid-washingareadopted,dischargingtoxicpollutantsintorversandeven(urn(hemintoindigo-blue.Also,

therearethezippers,buttons,andrivetsmadeofcopperandothermetals,whoseminingisyetano:hcrsourceof

environmentaldegradation.Allinall,(hemanufacturing(制造)processforasinglepairofjeansemitsover33

kilogramsofcarbon—theequivalentofdrivingover110kilometers.

Likemanygloballyproducedproducts,jeansaremadeinpoorcountriesandboughtinrichones.Muchofthe

world'scottonisgrownindevelopingcountries,withpoorlaborpracticesandfewprotectionsfbrworkers.Cotton

hereisoftenpickedbychildrenorforcedlabor.And(heirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduring

production.Becauseofthefast-pacedandroughmanufacturingwithunnaturalmaterials,today,mostpairslastno

longerthanayear.Likemostwaste,discardedjeansendupinlandfills,where(heirdecompositionreleases

greenhousegas.Somegovernmentsarcpursuingpoliciestomakecompaniesmoreresponsiblefbrworkerpayand

welfare,butunsustainablepracticesstillruncrazythroughout(hefashionindustry.

1.Whomaybethefirstconsumersofjeans?

2.Whyareplasticfibersusedwhenpairsofjeansaremade?

3.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Jeansarcmadeinpoorcountries,whereworkers'healthiswellprotected.

4.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoreducethedamagecausedbyjeans?(Inabout40words)

(2024北京延庆高三一模)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,

whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth.Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecan

useittoourbenefit.

Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength.Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesome

degreeofmentalstress.Ofcourse,unpleasantandabusetendtocausemoreharmthangood,buttheexperienceof

occasionalanxiety,stress,andtensionsubstantiallyincreasesouremotionalcourage.

Anxietycanincreaseyouremotionalconnection.Clinicalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswith

ourlovedonesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.Whenmypatientslearntoopenupand

sharetheiranxietieswiththeirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.

Anxietycanhelpusrebalance.Whenwefeelgenuinelyanxiousbecauseofstress,it'sourbody'swayoftelling

ustorebalance.Nobodyistrulylimitless.Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeour

weaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.

Anxietycanbeahealthy,helpfulemotionthatisaconstructiveaspectofhumanlife.Whenitcomestooccasional

experienceofanxiety,itcanemotionallyhelpboostourcourage.Itcanalsobuildupemotionalconnectionwhenwe

expressoursensitivefeelingstoothers.Andintheformofstress,itcanserveasaninternalindicatortoremain

balancedandhealthy.Nowit'shightimewestartedputtingittogooduse.

5.Whyisanxietynotdeadly?

6.Whencananxietyincreaseouremotionalconnection?

7.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?

Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedand

healthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious.

8.Asastudent,howdoyoumakeuseoftestanxietytohelpyoubebetterpreparedforexams?（Inabout40

words）

（2024北京东城高三一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在指定区域作答。

Ifyouareapsychologyenthusiast,youhaveprobablyheardofthefamousmarshmallowtest（棉花糖实验）.

Inthistask,kidsaregivenamarshmallow,andaretoldthattheycaneatthatmarshmallownow,orwailalittlewhile,

andhavetwomarshmallowsinstead.Somekidseatthemarshmallowimmediately,butmosttrytheirbesttowaitfor

two.

Whentheresearchersfollowedupwiththosekidslaterinli佗，childrenwhowaitedlongerhadbetterlife

outcomes:moreacademicsuccess,bettersocialbehavior,andevenmarkersofbetterhealth.Theybelievethose

childrenwhokeepwaitingaretheoneswiththemostself-control-akeyfactorinsuccess,andthat'swhytheyareso

successfullater.

Butwhatifthebehaviorinihemarshmallowtesthasmoretodowithculturalnormsthanself-control?

A2022studytestedtheideathatchildrenmaydecidehowlongtowaitforrewardsbasedonwhattheyarc

accustomedtowaitingforintheirculture.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,thereisnowidespreadmealtimecustom

ofwaitinguntileveryoneisserved.InJapan,however,thereis.

Becauseofthisdifferenceinnorms,theresearchershypothesizedthatJapanesechildrenwouldwaitlongerin

themarshmallowtestthantheAmericanchildren.Thisisexactlywhattheyfoundlaterinexperiments.

Butthisisn'tconclusiveevidence;afterall,maybeJapanesechildrenactuallyhavebetterself-control,ormaybe

theydifferfromAmericanchildreninotherwaysthatcouldexplaintheresult.

IntheU.S.,giftsareusuallygivenonspecialoccasionsandchildrenusuallyhavetowaitbeforetheycan

unv/rap（heirpresents.InJapan,however,gift-givinghappensmereoften,andchildrenusuallyopenpresents

immediately.

Giventheseculturaldifferences,scientistsexpectedthatiftheyranthetestwithgiftsinsteadofmarshmallows,

Americankidswouldwaitlonger.Onceagain,theirhypothesiswasconect.

Thisisapowerfulresultbecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofcultureandhabitinshapingbehavior.Ifa

childwaitsonlyfewminutesbeforegivingupontwomarshmallowsbutmuchlongertounwrapagift,canwereally

saythatchildlacksself-control?Idon'tthinkso.Ithinkitjustmeansthattheyareadjustingwelltotheirsocial

settings.

9.Accordingtotheresearchers,whydochildrenwhowaitlongerhavebetterlifeoutcomes?

10.Whatwasthepurposeofthe2022study?

11.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Whenscientistsranthetestwithgifts,Americankidsbehavedthesameastheydidinthetestwith

marshmallows.

12.Besidesthecasesmentionedinthepassage,pleasegiveoneortwoexamplesloshowhowcultureshapesyour

behavior.(Inabout40words)

(2024北京西城高三一模)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在指定区域作答。

Inafast-pacedworld,wherestressandmentaltirednessseemcommonplace,we'reconstantlylookingfornew

waystounwind.Peoplemaycarryoutavarietyofactivitiestohelpthemrelax.Butwhataboutthebirdsongsorother

naturesounds?Couldtheyalsohelppeopletoletgoofthetensionsofmodernlife?

AccordingtoastudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022,seeingorhearingbirdscouldhelptoboostthemental

wellbeingofpeople.Takingatripioplacesrichinbirdlifelikeparks,forestsandcanalsandencounteringbirds

singingtoeachotherinthetreescouldevenhelptotreatsonicmentalhealthconditions.Andit'snotjustbirdsthat

couldhaveacurativeeffectonourmoods.AnotherstudyconductedbytheNationalTrustcompared(heeffectsof

woodlandsoundswithvoicedmeditation(冥想)apps.Thestudyfoundlisteningtobirdsongaswellasother

woodlandsoundslikeleavescrunchingunderfootorthegentleflowofastreamboostedfeelingsofrelaxation30%

morethantheappsdo.Othersoundswhichmayhelptocoolpeopledownarewaveslappingontheshore,gentle

wind,andlightrainfall.

However,notallofusliveinruralsurroundings,anddependingonwherewelive,atriptothecountrysideto

seebirdsmaynotbeanoption.Butcouldthenaturesounds(hatoriginatetherestillhelpyou?Accordingtoresearch

byCaliforniaPulylculiniuStaleUniverily,evenaicuordingofllicsoundsofbirdshadapiofuundeffectunpeople's

mood,whileotherstudiessawpeoplelisteningtosoundscapesofthecoastandforestswithsimilaroutcomestotheir

wellbeing.

So,whereveryoulive,youcanaccess(hewonderfulsoundsofbirdsandnatureduringastrollthroughawood

orviasonicheadphones.Andmaybelisteningtothechirps,trills,warblesandwhistlesofsomebirdscouldhelpyou

tor^laxafteralong,hardday.

13.WhatdidthestudybyKing'sCollegeLondonin2022find?

14.HowdidtheNationalTrustconductthestudy?

15.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Accordingtothepassage,birdssinging,voicedmeditationappsandtherecordingofthesoundsofnaturehave

thesameeffectonpeople'smood.

16.Besideswhatismentionedinthepassage,whatdoyouusuallydotohelpyourelaxinyourdailylife?(In

about40words)

(2024北京石景山高三一模)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在指定区域作答。

Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouarc12yearsold.ButMarineGill,agirl

fromFresno,California,wonthelopawardintheScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge(SIIC)fordesigningafire

detectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.

Marine'sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhoodduringthespringof

2023."Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,"shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearly

morningfire,whichstartedinthekitchen.*'Theyhadsmokedetectingdevice(设备),andyetitstillburned

dov/n."

Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Marinespentoverhalfayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatcould

havepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.

Marine'sthermal(热的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.

Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfor

tenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Thehardestpartwastheprogramming.*'Ihadtwodesigns,andmy

firs:designcompletelyfailed.Itwasareallybigchallenge1hadtogothrough,"shesaid.Thefinaldevice

outperformstraditionalsmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Marinewantstobringthecostsdowntomakeit

evenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.

"Thetopwinnershave,exhibitedboundlesspossibility,"MayaFranklin,presidentofSocietyforScience,said

inthepressrelease.*'Thcirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsoputsasteppingstonetoan

excitingnewfuture."

17.WhatdesignwonMarineGillthetopawardintheSJIC?

18.FromwheredidMarinedrawinspirationforthedesign?

19.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Unliketraditionalsmokedetectors,Marine'sthermalimagingdeviceisdesignedtosenseactivefiresfromthe

smokeintheair.

20.WhatisthemainqualitythathasmadeMarineatopwinner?Why?(Inabout40words)

（2024北京丰台高二一模）阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文I可答问题°请在指定区域作答.

Inordertofitinandmakefriendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedand

interactedwitheachother.Gradually,sheperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundher,laughing

attheirjokes,noddinginagreementwiththeiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedher

tobeWe'vealldonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayof

interactingwithotherssowecanfeelaccepted.

Inaworld(hatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhymanyofusrelyonsocialmasking.

“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,MsayspsychologistDiptiTait."It'sa

tribal(群体的)thingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.Weallhavecertainmaskstoprotectourselves

fromexposureanddifference.”

Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,itcanalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hiding

ourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternal

conflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswe

struggletounderstandsocialsituaticnsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.

Fortunately,amaskisnotourownskin.Wemayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwantto

spendtimealoneinordertofeellikeourselves.4tThegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,“saysTait.

Tl'scrucialfbrindividualstoreceiveacceptanceandsupportforwhetheyare,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneed(o

hidetheirtrueselvesinordertofitin.”

21.Whatissocialmasking?

22.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?

23.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed.

24.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotofitinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?(Inabout40

words)

参考答案

1.Blue-collarworkers.2.Becausetheycanincreasecomfortandflexibility./Toincreasecomfortand

flexibility.3.Jeansarcmadeirpoorcountries,whereworkers'healthiswellprotected.

Accordingto（hepassage,（heirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.4.Jeans

shouldbemadeoforganiccottonthatdoesn'tusefertilizersandpesticides,whichhasasmallerimpactonthe

environmentandhumanhealth.Second,manufacturercollectdiscardedjeansforrecycling,suchasmanufacturing

environmentallyfriendlyshoppingbagsandotherproducts.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了牛仔裤很受当代人欢迎，但制作牛仔裤的过程会对环境产生破坏，

牛仔裤在贫穷国家生产，这也对发展中国家的人民和环境有害，而废弃的牛仔裤分解后会释放出温室气

体。

1.考查细节理解。由第一段中“Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedfbrbluc-collarworkers.Overthecourseof

the20lhcentury,theworking-classpantshavetransformedintofashionicons（第一条牛仔裤是为蓝领工人设计

的。在20世纪，工人阶级的裤子已经转变为时尚偶像）”可知，牛仔裤的第一批消费者是蓝领工人。故答案

为:Bluc-collarworkers.

2.考查细节理解。由第二段中“Typically,plasticfibersaremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortand

flexibility.（通常，塑料纤维与棉线混合以增加舒适度和灵活性）”可知，制作牛仔裤时要使用塑料纤维是因

为它们可以增加舒适度和灵活性。故答案为：Becausetheycanincreasecomfortandflexibility./Toincrease

comfortandflexibility.

3.考查细节理解。由第三段中“Muchoftheworld'scottonisgrownindevelopingcountries,withpoorlabor

practicesandfewprotectionsforworkers.（世界上大部分棉花种植在发展中国家，这些国家的劳动惯例很差，

对工人的保护也很少）"和"Andtheirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.（在生产

过程中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁）”可知，贫穷国家对工人的保护很少，在生产过程

中，他们的健康可能会受到有毒化学物质的威胁，，工人的健康得不到很好的保护，“workers，healthiswell

pro：ecied”错误。故答案为：Jeansaremadeinpoorcountries,whereworkers'healthiswellDroiecied.According

tothepassage,theirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.

4.考查开放答题。针对如何减少牛仔裤造成的环境伤害，我建设：牛仔裤应该由不使用化肥和杀虫剂的

有机棉制成，这对环境和人类健康的影响较小。其次，制造商匕以收集废弃的牛仔裤进行回收，例如制造

环保购物袋和其他产品。故答案为：Jeansshouldbemadeoforganiccottonthatdoesn'tusefertilizersand

pcsiicidcs,whichhasasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Second,manufacturercollect

discardedjeansforrecycling,suchasmanufacturingenvironmentallyfriendlyshoppingbagsandotherproducts.

5.Becausebeingabletofeelanxiojsshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorof

brainandsensoryhealth.6.Whenweshareouranxietieswithcurlovedones.7.Whenwepayattention

tocurinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomore

stressedandanxious.

Becauseaccordingtothepassage,whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,we

emergelessstressedandanxious.

8.Icanusetestanxietytomotivatemyselftostudyharderandbebetterpreparedforexamsbyreminding

myselfoftheimportanceofdoingwellandtheconsequencesofnotbeingprepared.

【导语】

本文是一篇议论文。文章就“焦虑.'这一话题展开了论述，分析了焦虑的积极作用和如何利用焦虑。

5.

考查细节理解。根据文章第•段"Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourHght-or-

flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoiyhealth.（焦虑并不是致命的，因为能够感到

焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。）“可知，作者认为焦虑并不是致

命的，因为能够感到焦虑表明我们的战斗或逃跑系统在运作，这是大脑和感官健康的一个指标。故答案为

Becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrain

andsensoryhealth.

6.

考查细节理解。根据文章第三段”C据icalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswithourlovedonesis

oneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.WhenmypaiientslearntoopenupandshareIheiranxieties

withtheirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.（临床科学已经确定,与我们

所爱的人分享我们的焦虑是建立联系的最有效策略之一。当我的病人学会敞开心犀，与伴侣分享他们的焦虑

时，他们几乎总是报告一种更大的情感联系。户可知，研究表明当我们与自己所爱的人分享焦虑时就可以建

立更大的情感联系。故答案为Whenweshareouranxietieswithourlovedones.

7.

考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,we

emergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.（当我们注意到我们的内在暗示并承

认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。）“可知，当我们注意到我们的内在暗

示并承认我们的弱点时，我们会变得更加专注和健康，也会减少压力和焦虑。由此可知，原句：Whenwepay

attentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroveralland

alsomorestressedandanxious.中的“andalsomorestressedandanxious”表述错误，应该是“andalsolessstressed

andanxious."。故答案为Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemerge

morefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious.

Becauseaccordingtothepassage,whenwcpayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,wc

emergelessstressedandanxious.

8.

开放题。要求考生谈谈自己将会如何利用考试焦虑来帮助自己更好地准备考试，考生言之有理即可。故参考

答案为Icanusetestanxietytomotivatemyselftostudyharderandbebetterpreparedforexamsbyreminding