中考-完形填空

完型填空题的命题特点1.材料长短适当，贴近时代，贴近生活所选的短文的长短一般是130—180词。太短的材料信息量小，测试不出学生的水平；太长的材料则会增加学生的阅读负担；语言难度适中、原汁原味；题材内容积极向上，有时代感，有教育意义，与学生认知水平、理解能力生活体验基本相吻合。2.实词为主，虚词为辅命题人设置备选词时，多以实词为主，实词占70%左右。实词包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、副词、代词。虚词占得比重较小（冠词、连词、介词），占30%左右，单词为主、短语为辅。一般完型填空题的分值为10分，每空1分。每一考点的设置都充分体现了英语课程标准和考试说明的要求。3.布空均衡、科学合理命制这种形式的试题时，命题人员根据考查目的来确定在什么地方挖空，而不是根据固定的单词的数每隔几个单词挖一个空。句子的首句一般不设空。文章的首句常是解题的指南；末句“道破天机”也是为帮助考生理解文章大意提供了线索。4.立足语言理解，测试综合能力完型填空题既是对学生阅读理解能力的考查又是对学生综合运用语言能力的考查。它要求学生从语篇层次上整体把握语言材料，在阅读理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，根据上下文提示判断所缺单词，然后进行正确地选择或填写。完型填空题解题步骤1.完型填空解题步骤三步走：通览—试填—复核第一步：着眼大局，速读全文。用3~4分钟，以略读方式快速浏览全文，从语篇整体上了解文章的主题、文体特点，找出文章的句与句以及段与段之间的逻辑关系。第二步：逐句通读全文，各个击破，做到通读与猜测并行。对含义明显的词汇、固定搭配或习惯用法、常用句式等纯知识问题，可以边读边猜测答案。针对在通读过程中未能轻易猜出答案的题目，利用上下文及字里行间的线索来猜测答案。第三步：检查核实，通读选定答案后的全文。此时的文章是一个语法结构正确，用词准确，上下文逻辑关系严密，主题突出，内容充实，意思连贯的整体。2.从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：1.）所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容，是否使上下文连贯和谐，是否与全文意思一致。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词和句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词，也可能是同根词。（1）Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood______.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time(2)Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery______.A.deepB.highC.coldD. dangerous2.）所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。Washingtonwasnamed_______GeorgeWashington,thefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after3.）所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。4.）所选词本身或附近词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式等。3.具体操作中应注意的问题；1）看清上下文，找准定位名词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：（1）Somepartsofthewaterareshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery_______.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous(2)Mrs.O’Neillasked______questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more2.）顺序逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself______somuchmoneyA.forB.byC.toD.of3.）扎实基础，辨别差异4）.看清执行者，确定所选词Andvideocamerascanbeusedto______people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch5）.寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon_______Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as中考英语完型填空解题技巧与训练策略完型填空题实际上是恢复原貌式的阅读理解题，短文结构严谨，段落清楚，而且首句一般不挖空，便于学生依据首句提示进行整体理解。解答完型填空题要求学生具备快速阅读的各种能力和技巧，如视读、跳读、查读、猜词等。一、侧重基础知识，考查语言知识的掌握能力完型填空题以文入手，结合文章内容考查基础语言知识，主要是考查学生词语搭配，近义词辩异，正确辨析句子结构，掌握语规则的能力。Hisfriend______theengine(发动机)andtheplanebegantomoveA.beganB.carriedC.movedD.started此题主要考查学生辨析四个动词的用法。从句子分析可看出B、C明显不对，他的朋友不可能“搬运，移动”发动机。此题实际上市考查学生辨析began和started的用法，这两个动词作“开始”解是同义词，但只有start可表示“发动，开始”的意思。二、上下对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力完形填空题设计时，有时单看一句是得不出正确答案的，需求阅读下句、甚至若干句后才有 “茅塞顿开|”之感。上下对照，即在上文或下文中找到与正确答案相关的关键词。学生在答题中要有边读边在大脑中储存上下信息的能力。Firsttheywashtheir______handsinabowlofwater-----theyonlyeatwithrighthandsA.dirtyB.rightC.leftD.big此题四个形容词填入空格语法都正确，但阅读下句可发现right一词与选项B一词相对照，且根据句意可知正确答案为B。三、设置语境，考查分析推理能力完形填空题中，有时答题无上下对照的关键词作参考，而是考查分析前后语境去推理出正确答案。在这种试题中，四个选项填入句中语法、句子结构躲正确，但分析前后语境，就只有一个正确答案。Soonedaywhenafriendcametohishouseandofferedtotakehimforarideinhisownsmallplane,Mr.Leewasvery______excitedB.gratefulC.worriedD.glad从此句看，无法作出正确的选择，四个形容词都可表示Mr.Lee的心情。但阅读下文逐句可看去Mr.Lee害怕坐飞机，正确答案为C四、结合生活，考查学生利用常识解题的能力完形填空题中，有时命题者在完形填空题中考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否能善于观察生活，积累生活常识去做出恰当的选择。这类题的设计，四个选项放入句中语法、句子结构都正确，而且不一定需要上下联系，而是依据常识解答。WhensomeoneasksmewhatbusinessIamin,myfacefeels______A.warmB.coolC.hotD.cold该篇完型填空题的短文，描述一个夜总会为歌舞助兴提供笑声的人。当人问他从事什么工作是，他总是难以启齿，他脸部总会有一种“感觉”。按常识，人感到害羞，不好意思等，脸就“发热、发烧、发烫”，或“脸红”，所以正确答案是C。其他答案的形容词不适合这种脸部的感觉。五、关注连词，考查对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力从近几年中考英语完型填空题的分析来看，命题者有时就有关联词进行挖空，以此老考查学生通过阅读能否理解句与句之间的关联关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握英国、转折、并列、条件、让步等连词的用法。Thyareservedinbowlswhicheveryoneshare(共享),eachpersonhastheirownbowlofrice.A.becauseB.thoughC.sinceD.until此篇完形填空谈到泰国饮食文化。前句意为“泰国人在共同的碗中就餐”，而后句意为“他们每人都有自己的碗”。前后分析可看出，后句是前句的转折，所以正确答案为B。完型填空题如何合理确定正确答案根据上下文确答案。Thereweresomanypeopleonthebusthattherewere(1)emptyseats.Whenayoungmangoton,anoldmanwantedto(2),buttheyoungmanpushedhimbacktohisseat.“Thankyou,”hesaid,“butpleasedon’tdothat,Icanstand.”A.manyB.someC.enoughD.noA.sitdownB.getonC.setoutD.standup[答案]（1）D该题所给的选项是四个形容词，从单句来看均可和后面的emptyseats搭配。但根据上文的“thereweresomanypeopleonthebus”来判断，不可能有many（许多）、some（一些）、enough（足够的）空位。因此，该题的正确答案应为D。（2）D该题所给的选项是四个动词短语，根据下文的“···pushedhimbacktohisseat.”和“Icanstand.”来看，年轻人误以为老人要给他让座，所以，该小题的正确答案是D。2.根据习惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案。It’sSomestudentsaregoing(1)atripwiththeirteacher.(2)theirwaytheyseeabusbehindthem.(1)A.toB.forC.onD.at(2)A.OnB.ByC.AtD.In[答案]（1）C短文是叙述老师领着学生春游的事情。本小题看似“begoingto”结构，其实“goonatrip”是固定搭配，意为“去旅行”，所以应选C项。（2）A该题是习惯用法，表示“再去······的路上”，英语中要用“onone’sway”,而by，in,at都不能用在该短语中，故应选A项。3.运用逻辑推理判断答案Mr.Brownbegantowalkateightinthemorning.Nowthesunwasabouttoset.Hewastiredandhungry.Hswaswalkingslowlytowardsthe_______andhisshadowlaylongbehindhim.Hehadtolookforaplaceforthenight[答案]B此题所给的选项是四个表示方位的名词，均可和前面多的介词“towards(朝着)”搭配，很难判断哪一个是正确答案。只有运用逻辑推理的方法才能找出正确答案。根据上文的“太阳就要落山”判断此时应为下午，太阳是在西方。再根据下文的“他的影子长长地拖在后面”，就可以推断出，此时布朗先生正朝着西方慢慢的走着。故选B。4.根据词语用法确定答案Alittlecocklivedneartheriver.Onemorningthelittlecock______hisbeautifulclothesandwentforawalkbytheriver.Onhiswayhemetalittleduck.【答案】D该题所给的四个选项是一组同义词，都表示“穿”。但他们在用法上有所不同。Wear和haveon都可接“衣服”作宾语，意为“穿着”，表示状态；puton也可接“衣服”作宾语，意为“穿上”，表示动作；而dress的宾语只能是“人”，而不能是“衣服”。根据以上分析，再结合原句的意思，可以确定正确答案为D（一）Itisveryimportanttostayhealthy.Ihaveaneighbor.Sheisanoldlady.Shecandoallthehousework,___1newspapers,watchTVandsearchontheInternettolearnsomethingnew.Ioftensee2dotaijiquaninthemorninganddanceintheevening.Shelooksyoungandbeautiful3sheisoverseventy.Lastweekareporterfromamagazineinterviewedherandasked4shekeptsoyoungandhealthy.Sherepliedwithasmile.Ihaveasecretofstayingyoungandhealthy.Itisquite5tokeepyourmindactive,takeaninterestintheworld6you,andlearnatleastonenewthingeveryday.Trytododifferentkindsofhouseworkanddosportsas7asyoucan,Don’tthinkyouaretoooldtogobackto8.Iknowamanwhoenteredamedicalcollegewhenhewas70yearsold.Hestudiedtherefor6yearsandnowheisadoctor.Anothermanwenttoatennisschoolattheageof71andnowheisgoodat9tennis.Somepeoplemaysaystayingyoungiseasyonlyforthosewholiveinthefuture.Infact,nomatterhowoldyouare,youcanmakeit.Pleasetellthestorytoyourfamily.Itwouldbeagoodstartto10thelady’sexample.Ihopeallpeoplewillstayyoungandhealthy.()1.A.lookB.readC.seeD.watch()2.A.herB.himC.otherD.others()3.A.thanB.sinceC.thoughD.because()4.A.whatB.whyC.whoD.how()5.A.earlyB.dearC.easyD.late()6.A.underB.aroundC.aboveD.between()7.A.soonB.busilyC.hardlyD.often()8.A.placeB.songC.schoolD.dance()9.A.buyingB.losingC.sendingD.playing()10.A.followB.giveC.makeD.bring（二）Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus,1airpollution,soilpollution,noisepollutionandlightpollution.Theyarebad2ourhealthinmanyways.Burninggas,oilandcoalcreatesairpollution.Itcancausesoreeyesand3problems.Withtheincreaseofpollutionandthedevelopmentofindustry.Litteriseverywhere.Itmakesourenvironmentdirty.Peopleputlostofrubbishintheland.Farmersusetoomany4inNoisepollutioncanmakepeople5.Forexample,peoplemaylosetheirhearingiftheyworkina6placeforalongtime.Toomuchnoisecancausehighbloodpressure7.Workingforalongtimestrong,changeablelight8causesomekindsofillnesses.Itmakespeoplefeel9andisespeciallybadfortheeyes.With10pollution,ourplanetwillbecomegreenerandourhealthwillbebetter.Let’sbegreenerpeople()1.A.suchasB.forexampleC.aswellasD.becauseof()2.A.toB.inC.forD.of()3.A.breathB.breatheC.breathedD.breathing()4.A.chemicalB.chemicalsC.chemistD.chemistry()5.A.blindB.lameC.deafD.healthy()6.A.noiseB.noisyC.quietD.quietly()7.A.aswellB.tooC.alsoD.either()8.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.may()9.A.comfortableB.possiblyC.terribleD.terribly()10.A.littleB.lessC.fewD.fewer（三）Thesunisgettinghotter.Andthe1seemstobeourmachines.Manymachinesuseoilorcoal,which2agascalledCO3happenswhenyougointoagreenhouseonasunnyday?It’shot,isn’tit?That’s4thegreenhousekeepstheheatthatcomesfromthesun..CO2doesthesamething.ItkeepstheEarthwarm.Withoutit,wewouldfreeze.However,toomuchofitisbadfortheEarth.5moreandmoreCO2beingproduced,theEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer,andtheiceismeltingattheNorthandSouthPole.The6thatmeltswillfilluptheoceanandmakethemoverflowintotheland.Someofthebestlandforgrowingfoodisusually7.Thatmeanstheywillbefloodedfirst.Someofthebiggestcities,likeLondon,willbe8,too.Alotofpeoplewillgohungryandmanymorewillhavenowheretolive.PeoplethatstudytheEarth’sclimatehave9thatastheEarthwarmsup,theweatherisgoingtochangealot.Infact,itishappeningnow.Hurricanes,10,arebecomingmorepowerful.Therainisheavierinsomepartsoftheworldandtherearemorefloods.()1.A.questionB.troubleC.reasonD.answer()2.A.sendsB.producesC.givesD.brings()3.A.WhatB.HowC.WhoD.Where()4.A.howeverB.becauseC.whetherD.although()5.A.ByB.InC.WithD.Under()6.A.iceB.windC.rainD.storm()7.A.highB.lowC.tallD.short()8.A.coveredB.escapedC.runD.flooded()9.A.seenB.heardC.inventedD.found()10.A.forexampleB.infactC.bythewayD.insteadof（四）DearKitty,IamsorrythatIdidnotwritetoyouearlierbecauseIhavebeenverybusy.IwashelpingwithacharityshowtoraisemoneyforProjectGreenHope.Alotofworkneededtobefinished,soIdidnothavemuch1time.IfeltveryhappywhenIwas2asthehost.Itwasexciting,3Iwasalsoverynervous.Iknewthatlotsofpeoplewouldwatchtheshowandthatmanyfamouspop4wouldcome,too.Westartedworkingontheshowhalfayearagosothatwecoulddoeverythingontime.Myjobwasto5eachstarandIalsohadmanyotherduties.Wepracticedalotbeforetheshow,Ihadtorememberto6therightcameraattherighttime.7,IthoughtIwouldneverbe8torememberallthewords,slowly,everythingbecameeasier.Thebigdaycameveryquickly,andIwassoexcited.Twentyminutesbeforethebigevent,we9thedoorsandmanypeoplecameintothetheatretowatchtheshow.Thefansofthepopstarswere10aIwon’tforgetthedayforever.Bestwishes!()1.A.busyB.freeC.nervousD.excited()2.A.improvedB.endedC.chosenD.pulled()3.A.soB.orC.andD.but()4.A.starsB.doctorsC.teachersD.students()5.A.bestB.teachC.introduceD.protect()6.A.lookatB.lookforC.lookthroughD.lookafter()7.A.AfterallB.AtfirstC.AtlastD.Forexample()8.A.ableB.uglyC.sorryD.afraid()9.A.brokeB.openedC.lockedD.closed()10.A.enjoyingB.speakingC.shoutingD.making（五）Whenyoustepintoanewenvironment,youmusthaveastrongwishtofitin.Fittinginmeansmakingmorefriends,1moreinfluence（影响）onothersandgettingmorechancestoliveahappierlife.Hereissome2thatcanhelpyou.Beconfident.Spendsome3thinkaboutyourstrongpointsIfso,youwillbeabletobuilduo4stepbyster.Youwon’thavemuchdifficultyfittingin.BeKind5everyone.Kindnessisabridgetoyourownhappiness.6peoplenoticeyourkindness,theywillreturnitoneday.Alwaysgivemorethanyoureceive,andthinkmoreofothersthanof7.Beoptimistic（乐观的）.Optimismmakesbothyouandothersfeel8.Itmakesagoodfirstimpression（印象）.Apleasantsmilecoststhe9anddoesthemost.humor（幽默）catchesothers’attentionaswell.Peoplewilllikeyouformakingthemlive10.()1.A.phoningB.gettingC.havingD.catching()2.B.adviceB.IDEASC.expressionsD.characteristics()3.A.nightsB.daysC.timeD.minutes()4.A.disagreementB.pressureC.pointsD.confidence()5.A.toB.atC.inD.with()6.A.WhatB.WhereC.WhenD.Who()7.A.yourselfB.myselfC.itselfD.themselves()8.A.badB.sadC.tiredD.pleased()9.A.leastB.worstC.bestD.quickest()10A.happilyB.sadlyC.boringlyD.movedly（六）Everycanfeelstressedoutbecauseoftoomanyhappeninginyourlife.Teenagers,however,have1opportunitiestogetstressedthanpeopleinanyotheragegroup.Beingateenagerishard.Youarenotachildrenanymore,butyouarenot2,eventhoughyouhavetodealwithsomegrow-upproblemsandmadedecisionsby3.Familiescanbeoneofthebiggestcauses（原因）ofstress,suchasproblemsofarguingwith4orbrothersorsisters.Teenagersalsohavelotsofstressfrom5,eitherfromtheirteachersorfromtheirteachersorfromtheirclassmates.Someteenagersalsofeel6aboutchoosingtheireducationafterhighschool.Gettingaplaceatuniversitycanbeverydifficultandsomecan’t7touniversity.Itishardforsometeenagerstogetajobaftertheygraduate.Therearesomanyyoungpeoplefinishingschool8notenoughjobsforthem.Thoughthereisalotofstress,youcanfindmanywaysto9it.Talkingtopeopleisoneofthebestwaystodealwithstress.Itmaysound10,butitishelpful.()1.A.moreB.fewerC.many()2.A.ababyB.ateenagerC.anadult()3.A.yourselfB.himselfC.myself()4.A.teachersB.parentsC.classmates()5.A.familyB.societyC.school()6.A.relaxedB.stressedC.school()7.A.affordB.offerC.refuse()8.A.andB.butC.or()9.A.agreewithB.talkwithC.dealwith()10.A.simpleB.difficultC.good(七)Ilikeallkindsofchocolate,especiallybitterchocolate.Sowhenmotherhadboughtone.Icouldn’thelpthinkingabout1.IwashelpingFatherintheyardwhensuddenlyIgotanidea.Icouldcutapiece2thatchocolatewithoutanyoneknowingit.Iwaited3Motherwentoutsidefeedingthechickens.ThenItoldFatherIwantedtogoforadrinkofwater.Iwentintotheroomandgotthe4down.JustthenIhadtheknifereadytocut,IheardMothercoming.SoIhadtoputthechocolate5intomyshirt,wenttomyroomand6thechocolatethere.AndthenIwentbackto7Father.Alltherestoftheafternoon,Ididn’tdaretolookatFather.Everytimehespoke,itmademejump.Myhandsbeganshakingandmyheartstarted8fast.Ididn’twantthechocolateanymore.I9wantedtogetachancetoputitback.Haveyoueverhadasimilar10?()1.A.himB.herC.itD.this()2.A.offB.intoC.onD.along()3.A.whileB.afterC.sinceD.until()4.A.waterB.chocolateC.chickenD.shirt()5.A.silentlyB.easilyC.slowlyD.quickly()6.A.hidB.ateC.helpD.returned()7.A.tellB.helpC.findD.call()8.A.fallingB.breakingC.beatingD.jumping()9.A.stillB.hardlyC.justD.never()10.A.experienceB.excuseC.mistakeD.moment（八）MostofushaveheardofthestoryofTarzanoftheApes(《人猿泰山》).Fortoday’skids,thenewDisneyversion(版本)hascomeout,1thetheatreseverywhere.Butdoyou.knowthereisareal-lifeTarzan?AmanfromManc