12月英语六级阅读专项训练

12月英语六级阅读专项训练（1）

Accordingtothelatestresearchinthe*UnitedStatesofAmerica,menand

womentalksuchdifferentlanguagesthatitislikepeoplefromtwodifferent

culturestryingtocommunicate.ProfessorDeborahTannenofGeorgetown

University，hasnoticedthedifferenceinthestyleofboy'sandgirl*s

conversationsfromanearlyage.Shesaysthatlittlegirls*conversationisless

definitethanboys'andexpressesmoredoubts.Littleboysuseconversationto

establishstatuswiththeirlisteners.

Thesedifferencescontinueintoadultlife*shesays.Inpublicconversations,

mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore.Inprivateconversations,men

andwomenspeakinequalamounts-althoughtheysaythingsinadifferentstyle.

ProfessorTannenbelievesthat,forwoman,privatetalkingisawaytoestablish

andtestintimacy.Formen,privatetalkingisawaytoexplorethepower

structureofarelationship.

Teachingisonejobwherethedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'sways

oftalkingshow.Whenamanteachesawoman,saysProfessorTannen>hewants

toshowthathehasmoreknowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.

Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,however,sheismorelikelytotakea

sharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.

ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymore

helpful.Shesayswomenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingabletohelpothers.

Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmentalkandinterruptpeoplemorethan

women,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencouragethistohappen

becausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisha

relationship.

Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainis

pre-programmedforlanguage.Asweareusuallytaughttospeakbywomen,it

seemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexualbias（倾向性）initsprogramming,

otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.

1.Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecause

A.itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship

B.itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners

C.itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearly

D.itwillhelptocommunicatebetter

2.Thereareinlittlegirls*conversationthaninboys,.

A.fewerdoubtsB.moredemands

C.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties

3.Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.The

word“preprogrammed"means.

A.programmedalreadyB.programmedbeforeoneisborn

C.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen

4.Inprivateconversation,womenspeak

A.thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmen

C.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen

5.Thethemeofthisarticleis.

A.womenarenaturallymorehelpful

B.menandwomentalkdifferentlanguages

C.mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore

D.littlegirls,conversationislessdefinite

答案：1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B

(2)

Inthelasttwohundredyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinthemethodofproductionof

goods.Thisisnowalsotrueofthebuildingindustry；formechanizationhasbeenintroduced.

Systembuildingcansavebothtimeandmoney.Theprincipleofsystembuildingisthatthe

buildingismadefromasetofstandardunits.Theseareeithermadeatthebuilding-siteorat

afactory.Somedesigners,infact,arestandardizingthedimensionsofrooms.Theyaremade

inmultiplesofasinglefixedlength*usuallytencentimeters.Thisiscalledamodular(原则件)

system,anditmeansthatmanufacturescanproducestandardizedtlttingsatalowercost.

Themostimportantfactaboutsystembuildingisitsspeed.Aten-storeyflat,forexample,

canbecompletedinfourmonths.

Thereareseveralnewmethodsofsystembuilding.Oneisthepanelmethod.Inthis

case,theconstructioncompanysometimeserectsafactoryonthesite.Thewallsandfloors

ofthebuilding,calledpanels,arecastinahorizontalorverticalposition.Conduitsfor

electricalwiresandsleevesforpipesarccastinthepanelswhentheyarcbeingmade.The

mouldsformakingthesecastingsaresituatedallaroundthebuilding.

Aftertheconcretepanelsarecast,theyareallowedtosetandhardenforaweek.Next

theyareliftedbyatowercraneontoanysectionofthebuilding.Therethepanelsare

cementedtogetherattheirjointsandthefloorcoveringislaid.

Afterthepanelshavebeencementedtogether,thecraneliftsacaseintothearea.It

containsallthefittingstobeinstalled*suchaswash-basins,radiatorsandpipes.Finishing

tradesmen»suchasplumbers,plasterers,paintersandelectricians)followbehindtocomplete

thework.

Insomebuildingdevelopments；insomecountries*wholeflatswithinternalfeatureslike

theirbathrooms>bedroomsandconnectingstairs>andweighingasmuchastwentytons,

arecarriedtothebuilding-siteready-made.Agiantoverheadcraneisusedtolifttheminto

position.Inthefuture,thismethodmaybecomemorewidespread.

1.Themaindifferencebetweenpanelmethodandthemethoddiscussedinthelast

paragraphis,

A.thelatterusesready-madeinternalfeatures

B.panelsarecastinalevelposition

C.theformerisusedtobuildwallsandfloorswhilethelattertoconstructbathroomsor

bedrooms

D.theformerismoreexpensivethanthelatter

2.WhichofthesestatementsisTRUEofsystembuilding?

A.Itemploysmoremen.B.Itisdifficultanddangerous.

C.Itcansavebothtimeandmoney.D.Itmeanslessmechanization.

3.Accordingtothepassage>theprincipleofsystembuildingisthat.

A.constructionmethodsaresafer

B.buildingsaremadefromasetofstandardizedunits

C.similarbuildingscanbeproduced

D.allunitsareproducedonthesite

4.Theusualfixedlengthinthemodularsystemis.

A.twentycentimetersB.tenmillimeters

C.fiftycentimetersD.tencentimeters

5.Whatliftstheconcretepanelsontothebuilding?

A.Cranes.B.Man-power.

C.Pulleys.D.Hydraulicjacks.

答案：1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A

（3）

Etiquette（礼仪）

Theoriginsofetiquette-theconventionalrulesofbehaviorand

ceremoniesobservedinpolitesociety-arecomplex.Oneofthemis

respectforauthority.Fromthemostprimitivetimes,subjects（臣民）

showedrespectfortheirrulerbybowing,prostratingthemselveson

theground,notspeakinguntilspokento,andneverturningtheir

backstothethrone.Somerulersdevelopedrulestostresseven

furthertherespectduetothem.TheemperorsofByzantium

expectedtheirsubjectstokisstheirfeet.Whenanambassadorfrom

abroadwasintroduced,hehadtotouchthegroundbeforethethrone

withhisforehead.Meanwhilethethroneitselfwasraisedintheairso

that9onlookingup,theambassadorsawtherulerfarabovehim,

haughtyandremote.

Absoluterulershave,asarule,madeetiquettemorecomplicated

ratherthansimpler.Thepurposeisnotonlytomaketherulerseem

almostgodlike*butalsotoprotecthimfromfamiliarity»forwithout

somesuchprotectionhislife,livedinevitablyinthepubliceye,would

beintolerable.ThecourtofLouisXIVofFranceprovidedan

excellentexampleofaveryhighlydevelopedsystemofetiquette.

BecausethekingandhisfamilywereconsideredtobelongtoFrance,

theywerealmostcontinuallyonshowamongtheircourtiers（朝臣）.

Theywoke,prayed,washedanddressedbeforecrowdsofcourtiers.

Evenlargecrowdswatchedthemeattheirmealsyandaccesstotheir

palacewasfreetoalltheirsubjects.

Yetthispubliclifewasorganizedsocarefully,withsucha

refinementofceremonialsthattheauthorityoftheKingandthe

respectinwhichhewasheldgrewsteadilythroughouthislifetime.A

crowdwatchedhimdress,butonlytheDukewhowashisfirstvalet

dechamber（贴身男仆）wasallowedtoholdouttherightsleeveofhis

shirt,onlythePrincewhowashisGrandChamberlaincouldrelieve

himofhisdressinggown,andonlytheMasteroftheWardrobemight

helphimpulluphistrousers.Thesewerenotfamiliarities>nor

merelyduties9buthighlydesiredprivileges.Napoleonrecognizedthe

valueofceremonytoaruler.WhenhebecameEmperor,he

discardedtherevolutionarycustomofcallingeveryone“citizen”,

restoredmuchoftheCourtceremonialthattheRevolutionhad

destroyed,andrecalledmembersofthenobilitytoinstructhisnew

courtintheoldformalmanners.

Rulesofetiquettemaypreventembarrassmentandevenserious

disputes.Thegeneralruleofsocialprecedenceisthatpeopleof

greaterimportanceprecedethoseoflesserimportance.Beforethe

rulesofdiplomaticprecedencewereworkedoutintheearlysixteenth

century,rivalambassadorsoftenfoughtforthemosthonourable

seatingpositionataceremony.Beforetheprinciplewasestablished

thatambassadorsofvariouscountriesshouldsigntreatiesinorderof

seniority,disputesaroseastowhoshouldsignfirst.The

establishmentofrulesforsuchmatterspreventeduncertaintyand

disagreement,astorulesforlessimportantoccasions.Forexample>

atanEnglishwedding,themotherofthebridegroomshouldsitinthe

firstpeworbenchontheright-handsideofthechurch.Theresultis

dignityandorder.

Outsidepalacecircles,themainconcernofetiquettehasbeento

makeharmoniousthebehaviourofequals9butsometimessocial

classeshaveusedetiquetteasaweaponagainstintruders,refining

theirmannersinordertomarkthemselvesofffromthelowerclasses.

Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,

decreasingprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtheruling

familiestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthe

lowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.Ina

prosperouscommunity,ontheotherhand,politesocietysoon

absorbsthenewlyrich,andinEnglandtherehasneverbeenany

shortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemanners

appropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.

Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements：basic

moralduties；practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency；andartificial

optionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentsto,say,womenontheir

beautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.

Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationfortheweakandrespect

forage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthe

presenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzania9the

youngmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEngland»until

aboutacenturyago,youngchildrendidnotsitintheirparents,

presencewithoutaskingpermission.

Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsocial

lifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesorotherfunctionsso

thatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinvention

ofthefork,etiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptasclean

aspossible；beforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuse,etiquette

suggestedthat,afterspitting,apersonshouldrubthespit

inconspicuously（难以察觉）underfoot.

Extremelyrefinedbehavior,however,cultivatedasanartof

graciousliving,hasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealth

andleisure,whichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.After

thefallofRome,thefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorin

privatelifeinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewas

twelfth-centuryProvence,inFrance.

Provencehadbecomewealthy.Thelordshadreturnedtotheir

castlesfromthecrusades（十字军东征），andtheretheidealsof

chivalry（武士制度）grewup,whichemphasizedthevirtueand

gentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknight（骑士）should

professapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehis

inspirationtandtowhomhewoulddedicatehisbravedeeds,though

hewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswasthe

introductionoftheconceptofromanticlove,whichwastoinfluence

literatureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesonina

belittledforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday.

InRenaissanceItalytoo,inthefourteenthandfifteenth

centuries,awealthyandleisuredsocietydevelopedanextremely

complexcodeofmanners9buttherulesofbehavioroffashionable

societyhadlittleinfluenceonthedailylifeofthelowerclasses.

Indeedmanyoftherules,suchashowtoenterabanquetroom,or

howtouseaswordorhandkerchiefforceremonialpurposes,were

irrelevanttothewayoflifeoftheaverageworkingman,whospent

mostofhislifeoutdoorsorinhisownpoorhutandmostprobably

didnothaveahandkerchief,certainlynotasword,tohisname.

Yettheessentialbasisofallgoodmannersdoesnotvary.

Considerationfortheoldandweakandtheavoidanceofharmingor

givingunnecessaryoffencetoothersisafeatureofallsocieties

everywhereandatalllevelsfromthehighesttothelowest.Youcan

easilythinkofdozensofexamplesofcustomsandhabitsinyourown

dailylifewhichcomeunderthisheading.

1.Etiquettesimplyservesthepurposeofshowingrespectfor

authority.

2.LouisXIVofFrancemadeetiquetteverycomplicatedtoavoid

familiarity.

3.Peopleofallsocietiesandsocialranksobservethegood

mannersofconsiderationfortheweakandrespectforage.

4.Napoleondiscardedaristocraticprivilegeswhenhebecame

EmperorofFrance.

5.Etiquettehasbeenusedtodistinguishpeoplefromdifferent

classes.

6.InEurope,thenewlyrichhaveaddednewingredientsto

etiquettewhiletheyarelearningtobehaveappropriatelyforanew

wayoflife.

7.Afterthesixteenthcentury,fightsbetweenambassadorsover

precedencewereacommonoccurrence.

8.Extremelyrefinedbehaviourhadonthelifeofthe

workingclass.

9.Basicmoraldutiesareoneoftheofeverycodeof

etiquette.

10.Accordingtothepassage9theconceptofromanticlovewas

introducedin.

答案：I.N2.Y3.Y4.N5.Y6.NG7.N8.littleinfluence9.three

elements10.twelfth-centuryProvence,France

(4)

TheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesafter1952wastheeconomyofawell-fed,

almostfullyemployedpeople.Despite_1_alarms*thecountryescapedany

postwardepressionandlivedina_2_ofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear

1955,atypicalyearofthe1950's,maybetypicalas_3_therapideconomic

growthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwas_4_at10percentabovethatof

1954(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionof

manufactureswasabout40percentmorethanithad_5_intheyears

immediatelyfollowingWorldWarI.Thecountry'sbusinessspentabout30

billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery.Nationalincome_6_for

spendingwasalmostathirdgreaterthanithadbeenin1950.Consumersspent

about256billiondollars；thatisabout700milliondollarsaday,orabout

twenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,allroundthe_7_.Sixty-fivemillion

peopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwomillionwantedjobsbutcould

notfindthem.Onlyagriculture_8_thatitwasnotsharingintheboom.To

someobserversthiswasasadreflectionofthemid-1920*s.Asfarmers*shareof

theirproducts_9_，marketingcostsrose.Buttherewere,amongthe

observersofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotasconfidentasthe

majority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastlongand

would_10—leadtotheopposite-depression.

A.eventuallyB.averagedC.graduallyD.state

E.valuedF.formG.declinedH.occasional

I.casualJ.arguedK.descendedL.complained

M.clockN.availableO.illustrating

答案：I.H2.D3.O4.E5.B6.N7.M8.L9.G10.A

(5)

Likemostparents,geologistBrainAtwaterworriesabouthis

daughter'ssafety.Butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern；The

publicschoolshe1inSeattlehasunreinforcedbrickwallsya

2beingeasytocollapseduringearthquakes.The

same3ofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeople

duringthe1976TangshanquakeinChina.

Adecadeago,Atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticeto

schoolroomwalls.Butoverthelastseveralyears,heandother

scientistshavefound4signsthatthePacificNorthwesthas

experiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybe

headedforadestructiveshockinthenearfuture.

AtameetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninDecember,

researchersdiscussedthe5uncoveredevidenceofquake

potentialinthePacificNorthwest.Whilesomeremainunconvinced

thathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—do

indeed6thisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksa

seriouspossibility.

Whafsworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchas

Portland,SeattleandVancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakes

ofthismagnitudeywhichcouldshaketheregion's7centers

withenoughforcetomaketherecentSanFranciscoareadamage

seem8incomparison.

nIthinkit'squitetruetosaythatnothinghasreallybeen

designedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind/*saysseismologist

PaulSomervilleofWoodward.Atthemeeting,Somervilleandhis

colleagues9estimatesofthedegreeofshaking.Portlandand

Seattlewouldsufferduringsucha10earthquake.

A.massiveB.recentlyC.constructionD.displayed

E.relativelyF.attendsG.typeH.strike

I.structureJ.participatesK.excessiveL.mild

M.disturbingN.population0.presented

答案:1.F2.C3.G4.M5.B6.H7.N8.L9.O10.A

(6)

HopeisHealthy

Youareabouttogotothehospitalforaroutinesurgical

procedure.Whichattitudeishealthier?

A."I'dbetterfindouteverythingIcanaboutthisoperation—

youcanneverknowtoomuch.n

B,"Don'ttellmethedetails.Ifsgoingtobefine.H

AnswerBissupposedtobethewrongone.It'sanexampleof

whatpsychologistscallMdenial,nadefencemechanismthat

minimizesuncomfortableinformation.DeniaLtheyhaveargued,is

stupid9self-defeatingandultimatelydangerous.

ButresearchisshowingthatanswerBisafasterrouteto

recovery.Denial—ofacertainsortandatcertaintimes—canbe

healthy.Ofcourse,youdoneedtopayattentiontosomeunpleasant

facts.Thetrickistoknowwhenit'shelpfultoworryandwhenit's

counterproductive.

Out-and-outdenialmaybethebestapproachtosurgery,

accordingtoRichardS.Lazarus9professorofpsychologyatthe

UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.WithFrancesCohen,Lazarus

studied61patientsabouttoundergooperations(allrelatively

commonoperations).Ingeneral,patientsfollowedoneoftwomental

strategies；''avoidance"or"vigilance.”

Typically,avoidershadnotdiscussedtheirsurgeryindetailwith

anyone,didn*twanttoknowaboutitanddidn*tdwelluponitsrisks.

Incontrastsvigilanttypeswerealerttoeverydetail.Many

soughtoutarticlesabouttheirdisorders.Theywantedtoknowthe

risksofsurgery,therisksifsurgerywasnotperformed,thesurgical

procedures,thepotentialcomplicationsandthelikelihoodof

recurrence.

WhenLazarusandCohencomparedthetwogroupsafter

surgery,theyfoundthatavoidersgotonmuchbetter.Theyhada

lowerincidenceofpostoperativecomplicationssuchasnausea(恶

心)，headache9feverandinfection.Thenetresult：theywere

dischargedsooner.

Onereasonmaybethattheirdenialmakeroomforhope,orat

leastforapositiveoutlookyevenunderthegrimmestofconditions.

“Neverdenythediagnosis>butdodenythenegativeopinionthatmay

gowithitJadvisesNormanCousins,authorofAnatomyofanIllness

andTheHealingHeart.Why?Becausegrimwarningsaboutdiseases

comefromstatisticsontheaveragecase.Cousinsbelievesthatmost

patients9givenhopeanddetermination9haveagoodchanceto

transcendtheaverages.

AddsDr.Hackett：”Deniersseethemachinesthey1rehookedup

toashelpingthemtogetwell,notasasignofabadlyfunctioning

heart.Thosewhofeelmostpositiveabouttheirabilitytogetwelltend

todobetterthanthosewhofearandworrymore.n

Ofcourse,noneoftheseresearcherswouldconcludethatdenial

isthebestapproachtoallmedicalmatters.Adiabeticmustmonitor

bloodsugar；akidneypatientmustkeeptrackofdialysis（透析）；a

womanwhofindsalumpinherbreastmustnotdelayinhavingit

diagnosed.

Thequestiontoaskyourself,Dr.Lazarusexplains9iswhether

theinformationyougatherwillhelpyousolveaproblem,orwhether

thereislittleyoucandotochangethings.Inthefirstcase,pay

attentionandact.Inthesecondcase,don'tbecomepreoccupiedwith

therisks；anxietycanworsenyourhealth.

Dr.HerbertBenson,associateprofessorofmedicineatHarvard

MedicalSchool,pointsoutthattheoverlyvigilantpatienfscentral

nervoussystembecomesarousedintothefight-or-flightresponse.But

sinceallthepatientcandoisliethere,hisbodysufferstheclassic

damagesofstress.

Whilestudyingpeople'sreactionstomedicalstress,Temple

UniversitypsychologistSuzanneMillerandUniversityof

Pennsylvaniagynecologiconcologist（妇科肿瘤学）CharlesE.

Manganplaced40womenabouttoundergocolposcopy（阴道镜检查）

intwodifferentgroups,accordingtotheircopingstyle.

Miller'smaininterestwastoseewhetheranyofthesewomen

wouldcopebetteriftheyhadextrainformation.Shegavehalfof

eachgroupvoluminousdetailsaboutwhatwouldhappenandhow

theywouldfeel；shegavetherestonlythebasicfacts.Overall,the

resultsreinforcedthebenefitsofavoidance.Thewomengiven

minimalinformationfeltmorerelaxedthroughouttheprocedure

thanthewomenwhoknewmore.（Oddlyenough,thegroupdesiring

informationcomplainedthattheywouldhavelikedevenmore.The

veryactofgatheringdetailsseemedtomakethemlessanxious.）

Miller*sresearchshowsthatdifferentpeoplereacttonewsabout

theirsituationsinverydifferentways.Thatmeans9shesuggests>that

peopleshouldseekasmuchoraslittleinformationastheirindividual

copingstyledictates.

Doestheresearchondenialmeanweshouldregress（倒退）tothe

dayswhenphysiciansusedtosay,"Don'ttellpatientsanything,

becausetheydon'treallywanttoknow?"Hardly.Peoplehavearight

toknowwhatisgoingtohappentothem,andtotakepartin

decisionsabouttheirtreatment.Butpatientscangetnecessary

informationwithoutlearningalotofnerve-rackingdetailstheydon*t

need.

Forexample,aphysiciancansay：”YouhaveasuspiciousPap

test.Thenextprocedureiscalledcolposcopy；itwilltakefifteen

minutes.”Thedoctordoesn'tneedtodescribeeverythinga

colposcopedoes,feelslikeormightfind.Similarly,awomanshould

seekalltheoptionsifshehasasuspiciousPaptest,butonceshe

makesadecisiontsheshouldnotbeobsessedaboutit.

Youcouldsummarizetheresearchinasetofguidelines:

•Ingeneral,itisbesttoblockoutmedicalthreatsandworries

whenthereisnothingyoucandoaboutthem-say,afteryou*ve

decidedtoundergosurgery.Don*tdwellonallthatcouldgowrongor

visualizeeveryfearfuldetail；concentrateinsteadonwhatislikelyto

goright.

•Bevigilantaboutmattersthatyoucancontrol,suchaspaying

attentiontosignsofillness.

•Findoutyourpersonaldispositiontoavoiddetailsorto

acquireallinformationpossible>andletyourowninclinationbeyour

guide—butonlyuptoapoint.nManyofthosewhogatheranyandall

factsareputtingthemselvesthroughmorestressthantheyneedto/*

Millersays.Sheadvisesthemtolearnwhentheirapproachwillonly

increasetheiranxiety.Inthosecases>they'ddobettertoturnofftheir

radar.Ontheotherhand,avoidersshouldrecognizewhenitis

valuabletogathermorefactsthantheymightliketo.

Thebasicadviceisclear：don'tfeelguiltyifyoudecidetotake

therosyview.Concentratingonthepositiveturnsouttobemedically

sound.

1.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatifyouwereavigilant

patientsyoushouldlearntoadoptanewstrategyofavoidance

becauseitbringsyoulessstress.

2.Thedoctorsarediscoveringthatthebestmedicineisoften

simplytodenytheworstandexpectthebest.

3.Millerdividedthewomenpatientsintotwogroupsatwilland

providedeachgroupwitheitherdetailedorbasicinformationin

ordertofindoutwhowouldgetonbetter.

4.Basedonthefindingsoftheresearches,doctorsfindithardto

decidewhethertheyshouldtellpatientsanythingabouttheirillness.

5.Psychologistshavechangedtheiropinionthatitisstupidand

dangerousforpeopletodenyuncomfortableinformation.

6.Atipforbothdeniersandvigilantpatientsis：avoiddetailsor

acquiremuchinformationfollowingyourowncopingstyle,butonly

toacertainpoint.

7.Itisunnecessaryforpatientstogetinformationabouttheir

disordersbecausethereisnothingtheycandoabouttheirillness.

8.Patientsgenerallyfallintotwogroups：and.

9.nAdiabeticmustmonitorbloodsugar;"helpsexplain

thattoallcases.

10.Allpatientsshouldpayattentionto.

答案：I.N2.Y3.N4.N5.NG6.Y7.N

8.avoiders,deniers9.denialisnotthebestapproach10.signsof

illness

（7）

Everyday25millionU.S.childrenrideschoolbuses.Thesafety

recordforthesebusesismuchbetterthanforpassengercars；but

nevertheless,about10childrenarekilledeachyearridingonlarge

schoolbuses,andnearlyfourtimesthatnumberarekilledoutside

busesintheloadingzones.Byandlarge,however,thenation'sschool

childrenaretransportedtoandfromschoolsafely.

Eventhoughthenumberofschoolbuscasualties（死亡人数）is

notlarge,thesafetyofchildrenisalwaysofintensepublicconcern.

Whileeveryonewantstoseechildrentransportedsafely,peopleare

dividedaboutwhatneedstobedone-particularlywhetherseatbelts

shouldbemandatory（强制性）•

Supportersofseatbeltsonschoolbusesarguethatseatbeltsare

necessarynotonlytoreducedeathandinjury,butalsototeach

childrenlessonsabouttheimportanceofusingthemroutinelyinany

movingvehicle.Asidebenefit,theypointout,isthatseatbeltshelp

keepchildrenintheirseats,awayfromthebusdriver.

Opponents