高中英语外刊-语法填空46篇（解析版）

高一（上）语法填空专项练习

体裁说明文词数255限时10分钟

Languageoftenseemssoskillfully...

Languageoftenseemssoskillfully(1)(draft)thatonecanhardlyimagineitas

anything(2)(此题2空)theperfectedhandiworkofamastercraftsman.Howelsecould

thisinstrumentmakesomuchoutofbarelythreedozenmeaslymorselsofsound?Inthemselves,

theseconfigurations(构造)ofmouth--一p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,eandsoon---(3)

(amount)tonothingmorethanafewhaphazard(随意的)spitsandsplutters,randomnoiseswith

nomeaning,noabilitytoexpress,nopowertoexplain.Butrunthemthroughthecogsandwheels

ofthelanguagemachine,and_____⑷_____(let)itarrangetheminsomeveryspecialorders,

andthereisnothing(5)thesemeaninglessstreamsofaircannotdo:fromsighingthe

interminableboredomofexistenceto⑹(unravel)thefundamentalorderofthe

universe.(7)(extraordinary)thingaboutlanguage,however,isthatonedoesn'thavetobea

geniustosetitswheelsinmotion.Thelanguagemachineallowsjustabouteverybody——frompre­

modernforagers(搜寻食物的人)inthesubtropicalsavannah,topost-modernphilosophersinthe

suburbansprawl——[8](tie)thesemeaninglesssoundstogetherintoaninfinitevariety

ofsubtlesenses,andallapparentlywithouttheslightestexertion.Yetitispreciselythisdeceptive

easewhichmakeslanguageavictimofitsownsuccess,sinceineverydaylifeitstriumphsare

usuallytakenforgranted.Thewheelsoflanguagerunsosmoothlythatonerarelybothers(9)

(stop)andthinkaboutalltheresourcefulnessandexpertisethatmust(10)(go)into

makingittick.Languageconcealsart.

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.drafted

考查非谓语动词：动词的-ed形式

解析：由前面的副词skillfully修饰的过去分词，解释为“精雕细琢

■2.otherthan

考查介词短语

解析：“除了”。

■3.amount

考查谓语动词短语

解析：amountto解释为“相当于”。

■4.let

考查祈使句

解析：与前面的“run”并列，两句都是祈使句。

■5.that

考查主从复合句，从句引导词

解析：定语从句。

■6.unraveling

考查非谓语动词：动词的-ing形式

解析：to后面的介词宾语使用动名词，解释为“阐明”。

■7.Themostextraordinary

考查形容词最高级

解析：语言最与众不同的地方。

■8.totie

考查非谓语动词：动词不定式

解析：Thelanguagemachineallowsjusteverybodytotiethesemeaninglesssoundstogether.“允

许某人做某事”。

■9.tostop

考查非谓语动词：动词不定式

解析：bothertodosth.“特地去做某事

■10.havegone

考查情态动词

解析：musthavedone表示对过去的肯定推测。

体裁说明文词数342限时10分钟

ChangxingIsland

WhatistheclosestislandtoShanghai?Ifyouanswer46ChongmingIsland”,thenyouarewrong.It

shouldbeChangxingIsland,Q)islocatedbetweenCongmingIslandandPudong

NewDistrict.Astoadministration(行政管理)，it⑵(belong)toBaoshanDistrict.

Withalargeareaofforestsandfreshair,thisislandenjoysreputationsof“CleanIsland,,and

""LongevityIsland".ItsuniquenaturalenvironmentandrichnaturalresourcesmakeChangxing

Island^tourismindustryfully______⑶______(develop).

Therearemanyplacesofinterestthere,suchasShanghaiOrangeGrove,MongolianVillageRace

Track,HangingBeadsPark(ChuizhuYuan),ShanghaiStuntCenter,XianfengResort,andetc.

TravelerscantakebusNo.5,51,116,522,728,848and849toWusongdock(4)you

cantakeashiptoChangxingIsland.TravelerscanalsotakeShenchong(Line2)ShuttleBus,

(5)operatinghourisfrom6:00a.m.to7:00p.m.toChangxingIsland.Iftravelerspreferto

reachtheislandwiththeirowncars,ferrieswhichcancarrycarsshouldbeagreatchoice.

ChangxingIsland,alsoknownas“theHometownofOranges^^isagreatplaceforvacation.Once

youandyourfamilymembersorfriendsreachtheisland,youcandrivetotheOrangeGroveResort

toenjoy（6）Theorangesgrowninthegrovelooksbrightandsmooth,andtheyare

veryjuicyandsweet.Onceinlateautumnseason,goldenorangeshangingonthebrancheslook

verytempting.Thethousandacresoforangesthere⑦giveatotalproductionof1.75

millionkilogramsannually.AnotherplacefamousfororangesisShanghaiOrangerieResortlocated

inQianweiFarm,inthecentralpartofChangxingIsland.[8）the1980s,theOrangeArt

Festivalhasbeenheldonthisfarmeachautumn,attractingtensofthousandsofadmiringvisitors.

（9）beingthefamous“orangetown^^,ChangxingIslandisagreatplaceforvisitorstoenjoy

raftingorgoingtotheriversidetoenjoythewonderfulscenewritteninapoembyWangBo,

（10）famouspoetinTangDynasty.

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.which

考查主从复合句

解析：本题考查定语从句。which指代先行词ChangxingIsland,在定语从句中充当主语。

■2.belongs

考查动词的时态与语态

解析：belongto意为“属于"，应该使用主动结构（不能用被动）。其次，此处讲的是客观事

实“长兴岛隶属宝山区管辖”，故使用一般现在时，填写belongs。

■3.developed

考查非谓语动词

解析:本题考查make...done（使…被…）。此处make的宾语是ChangxingIsland'stourism

industry（长兴岛的旅游业），与所填词develop形成被动关系（旅游业被发展）。故采用被动结

构，make...developed。

■4.where

考查主从复合句

解析：本题考查定语从句。先行词Wusongdock（吴淞码头）在定语从句中充当地点状语，you

cantakeashiptoChangxingIslandatWusongdock,所以此处atwhich衔接从句。现在由于

只挖了一个空，可采用关系副词where来替代。

■5.whose

考查主从复合句

解析：00a.m.to7:00p.m.（申崇二线的运行时间是从早上六点到晚上七点），所以此处使用

whose来连接上下句。

■6.yourselves

考查代词

解析：此处考察词组enjoyoneself（玩得高兴）。由于前文提及youandyourfamilymembersor

friends,可见此处应当采用复数形式。

■7.can

考查情态动词

解析：本题考查情态动词的用法。根据句意,“那里上千亩的橘子能够每年生产175万公斤”，

故填cano

■8.Since

考查连词

解析：后文有现在完成时hasbeenheld作为提示，再根据句意“自从二十世纪八卜年代以来，

每年秋天农场都举行橘子节”，可知，本处填写Since较为合适。

■9.Besides

考查介词

解析：本处考察上下文的逻辑分析能力。前面讲长兴岛是著名的“橘子之乡”，后面讲长兴岛

也是个享受竹筏漂流的地方，两者是“同时包括在内”的关系。因此，填写besides,表明“在

长兴岛既可享受美味的橘子，还可玩漂流等亲水项目”。

■10.a

考查冠词

解析：此处填写冠词a,构成afamouspoet（一位著名的诗人），来作为前文WangB。的同位

语。

体裁说明文词数424限时11分钟

HotDrinksLinkedtoCancer

Nexttimeyoumakeyourselfahotcupofteaorcoffee,youmightwanttoletitcooldownabit

beforedrinking.ResearcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffQjhelpyouavoid

somekindsofcancer.Infact,theUnitedNations'cancerresearchagencydecided(2)

(list)hotdrinkswithlead,gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic."Inotherwords,

eachonecouldcausecancer.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)ispartof

由eWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).TheIARCpublishedthefindingsinthemedicaljournal

LancetOncology.ResearchersatIARCfoundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degrees

Celsius,when(3)(swallow),cancausecanceroftheesophagus.

Theresearchersexaminedfindingsfromotherstudies⑷teaandcoffeewereoften

servedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswerecompletedinIran,ChinaandSouth

America.Indevelopedcountries,healthexperts[5](link)esophagealcancerto

smokingandalcoholicdrinksinmanystudies.However,thisformofcanceris(6)

(common)inareaswherepeopledrinkbeveragesatveryhightemperatures.

InEuropeandtheUnitedStates,manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degrees

Celsius.Andtheyoftenaddmilkwhichlowersthetemperatureconsiderably.(7)tea­

drinkersinIranandmate-drinkersinSouthAmericaoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserto70

degreesCelsius.Mateisatea-likebrewmadeby(8)(steep)theleavesoftheyerba

mateplantinnear-boilingwater.

TheresearchersnotethatSouthAmericansnotonlydrinktheirmateveryhot,theyalsodrinkit

throughametalstraw.Thissendsthescaldingliquiddirectly(9)thethroat.The

findings,however,aregoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.

In1991,theWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic."WHOofficials

havesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhot

drinkisagreaterriskfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.

ChristopherWildisthedirectoroftheIARC.WhenhespokewiththeAFPnewsagency,hesaid

theresults"suggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesisoneprobablecauseofesophagealcancerand

thatitisthetemperature,(10)(止匕题2空)thedrinksthemselves,thatappearstobe

responsible,"TheNationalCoffeeAssociationcalledthechange"greatnewsforcoffeedrinkers.'1

Buthowcommonisesophagealcancer?Worldwide,itistheeighthmostcommoncancer.Cancer

oftheesophaguskilledabout400,000peoplein2012.

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.could

考查情态动词

解析：文章第一句说你下次喝一杯热茶或热咖啡之前，你或许可以先冷却一下。接下来说研

究者指出让热饮冷却一下能够帮助你避免某些类型的癌症。表示能够的情态动词，而且表达

委婉的语气，因此用could。

■2.tolist

考查非谓语动词中的动词不定式

解析：本题考查动词decide的用法,“decidetodosth”表示决定做某事，该句的意思是美国

癌症研究部门决定将热饮和铅，汽油等一同列入容易致癌的名单中。

■3.swallowed

考查非谓语动词中的动词-ed形式。

解析：研究人员指出65摄氏度以上的热饮，当被吞咽时一，容易导致食道癌，因为主语热饮

“drink”和动词"swallow”吞咽之间是被动关系，所以用swallowed

■4.where

考查主从复合句，(考查从句引导词，比如：which,that...)

解析：本题考查限定性定语从句的引导词，先行词是。therstudies,定语从句中缺少表示地点

的状语，所以用where。意思是研究人员也检查了茶和咖啡通常在70摄氏度以上饮用的研

究。

■5.havelinked

考查动词的时态与语态

解析：根据这句话的意思，在发达国家，健康专家在许多研究中已经表明食道癌和抽烟喝酒

有关。所以用现在完成时，表示从过去开始的动作持续到现在，对现在的影响。

■6.morecommon

考查形容词与副词（比较级和最高级）

解析：承接上句，相比发达国家，然而，在一些人们经常饮用高温饮品的地区，食道癌更为

常见。所以用比较级。

■7.However

考查连词（并列连词，考查上下文逻辑关系）

解析：前一句说在美国和欧洲，人们主要喝60度左右的饮品，但是在伊朗和南美人们喜欢

喝七十度以上的饮品。用However表示转折。

■8.steeping

考查非谓语动词中的动词-ing形式

解析：巴拉圭茶是一种像茶的酿造酒，通过将巴拉圭树的叶子浸泡在接近沸腾的水中，介词

by后面跟动词・ing形式，所以用steeping

■9.into

考查介词

解析：该句的意思是南美人将滚烫的水从金属的茶壶里直接倒入喉咙里喝，考查"sendinto”

倒入

■10.ratherthan/insteadof

考查介词

解析：根据本句的意思ChristopherWild认为可能是热饮的温度而不是热饮本身导致了食道

癌，所以填介词ratherthan/insteadof。

体裁说明文词数267限时10分钟

McDonald'sSzechuanSauceWillReturnThisWinter

LateSunday,McDonald'sreleasedastatementpromisingtobringbackthelimited-editionsauce

againatadatetobedetermined."Yesterday,weweretrulysurprisedatthe(1)(amaze)

curiosityandpassionthatthecommunityshowedtowelcomebackSzechuanSauce,[2)

(此题两空)itwasjustforoneday.”thecompanysaidinastatement.44Andoursuper-limited

batch(批次)，thoughwell-intentioned,clearlywasfarfromenough(3)(meet)

customers9demands."(4)(announce)thatitwasgoingto“makethisright”,

McDonald'spromisedthatthisdippingsaucewouldreturninagreatquantityinthenearfuture.

“We'rebringingmore,alotmore,⑸(此题两空)SzechuanSauce(四川辣酱)willbe

availabletoanyfanatanearbyMcDonald,s,^^thecompanysaid.McDonald^Szechuansauce,

(6)wasalimitededitioncondimenttiedtothereleaseofDisney'sfamouscartoonMulanin

1998,hasseenitsprofilerisethankstoRick&Morty,acartoonsci-fisitcoms(情景剧)madeby

TheAdultSwimseries[7]themaincharactercomplaintabouttheunavailabilityof

SzechuanSauce.Thatled[8]McDonald'slaterpromisetobringbackthisweekend.

Theonlyproblemwas（9）demandexceeded（超过）supply,whichmademanyRick&

Mortyfansangry."personallythoughtitwasasaucethatwastryingtoohardinaworldwherewith

McNuggetssauceyoujustwantsomethingtotastelikehoneyorlikeaBBQsauce,“co-creatorDan

Hannontoldaboutthesauce.uItwas（10）saucethatwastryingtoproveitwasdifferent

andittastedmuchbetterthananordinarysauceshouldbe.”

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.amazing

考查非谓语动词-ing形式

解析：本题填写现在分词amazing（令人惊讶的），修饰curiosityandpassion（好奇心与热情）。

■2.evenif/eventhough

考查连接词词组

解析：首先，根据“后文是一句完整的句子itwasjustforoneday”可知，此处需填入连词。又

根据句意“即使它（四川辣酱）只发售一天，社区对欢迎四川辣酱回归的好奇心与热情让人感

到惊讶”，可判断，此处应填evenif或eventhough

■3.tomeet

考查动词不定式

解析：本题考查beenoughtodo结构，故填tomeet。整个句群...wasfarfromenoughtomeet

customers9demands的句意为“远远不够满足顾客的需求

■4.Announcing

考查非谓语动词・ing形式

解析：句子的主干部分为McDonald'spromisedthat…，promised是全句的谓语，故横线处

的announce应使用非谓语形式。此处句意为“麦当劳宣布它将让一切好起来”，是主动的，

故填Announcingo

■5.sothat

考查连接词词组

解析：首先，根据“后文是一句完整的句子SzechuanSaucewillbeavailabletoanyfanatanearby

McDonakTs”可知，此处需填入连词。再根据前文We，rebringingmore,alolmore（我们正在生

产更多辣酱）可知，此处所填连词"表结果'’（生产更多辣酱,以至于人人都能吃到了），故填so

thato

■6.which

考查主从复合句

解析：本题考查定语从句。所填词修饰先行词Szechuansauce,在从句中充当主语，应选用

关系代词。又因为横线前有逗号（非限定性定语从句），故只能填which,不能填that。

■7.where

考查主从复合句

解析：本题考查定语从句中的先行词。所填词修饰先行词series（连续剧），在从句中充当状

语（intheseriesthemaincharactercomplaintabout...）,故填写关系副词where（相当于in

which）

■8.to

考查介词

解析：本题考查固定搭配leadto（led是lead的过去式形式），意为“导致”

■9.that

考查主从复合句

解析：本题为“表语从句填写ihal在句中补充当任何成份，起到连接主从句的作用。上下

文句意为“唯一的问题是，供大于求”。

■10.a

考查冠词

解析：前文己经出现过一次itwasasaucethatwastrying…，形成重要提示。故此处也填写

a,与之形成对称。

体裁说明文词数553限时8分钟

OverweightAsian-AmericansSeenMoreAmerican

WhatdoesanAmericanlooklike?Nearly1,300Americans,mostlycollegestudents,wereasked

thatquestionforarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Theywereshownpicturesofpeopleand

askedbyUniversityofWashingtonresearcherswholookedAmericantothem.(1)Over­

weightAsian-AmericansweremorelikelytobeseenasAmericansthannormalweightAsian-

Americans,theresearcherssaid.Researcherswhoworkedonthestudybelievethisallfitsinto

commonstereotypes.[2]AndonecommonstereotypeisthatAsiansarethinand

mostAmericansareheavy,theresearcherssaid.SapnaCheryanisaco-authorofthestudy.Shealso

teachespsychologyattheUniversityofWashington.Shesaidthefindingsshowanunusualbenefit

foroverweightAsian-Americans.Shenotedthatoverweightpeopleoftenfacediscrimination.But

CheryansaidthatbeingoverweightmakesAsian-AmericansseenmoreAmerican.Thatmakesthem

lesslikelytofacediscriminationdirectedatthosebelievedtobeforeign,shesaid.Cheryansaidher

interestinethnicandracialstereotypesgoesbacktoheryouthinUrbana,Illinois.SheisIndian-

Americanandrememberspeoplewouldpraisehermotherbecauseshe"spokeEnglishsowell."It

wasasiftheydidnotexpectawomanwhoappearedtocomefromaforeigncountrytospeak

English,shesaid.Cheryanalsoremembersworryingwhenfriendswouldcomeovertoherhouse.

ShewasembarrassedthatherfamilyservedIndianfood.Thefoodseemed"different”comparedto

AmericanfavoritessuchaspizzaandDoritos.TheresearchonhowpeopleseeAsian-Americansis

afollow-upofher2011research.ItfoundAsian-Americanswerethreetimesaslikelytoorder

AmericanfoodafterbeingaskediftheyspokeEnglishthaniftheyhadnotbeenaskedthatquestion.

“(3)“Cheryansaid.ThisisnotalwaysagoodthingforAsian-Americans.Shenotes

thattraditionalAmericanfoodoftencontainsmorecaloriesandfatthanmanyAsiandishes.The

CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionestimatesthat34.5percentofwhiteAmericansare

consideredobese,orveryoverweight.ForAsian-Americans,thepercentageis11.7percent.For

African-Americans,thepercentageofobesityis48percentandforLatinoAmericans,the

percentageis42.5percent.ThenewUniversityofWashingtonstudyshowedpeoplephotosof

peoplefromdifferentracialandethnicgroupstoseeifweightinfluencedtheiropinions.Amongthe

questionsasked:"HowlikelyisthispersontohavebeenbornoutsidetheU.S?Another,nHowlikely

isitthatthisperson*snativelanguageisEnglish?nWeightdidmakeadifferenceinhowpeople

decidedwhetherAsian-AmericanswereAmericans.ThosequestionedbytheUniversityof

WashingtonresearchersalsolookedatpicturesofLatinos,whitesandAfrican-Americans.

(4)Thissupportedtheiropinionthatpeoplebelievedtobefromforeigncountrieswhere

peoplearebelievedtobemostlythinareconsideredmorelikelytobeAmericaniftheyare

overweight.TheresearchersnotedthatmanyAmericansbelieveLatinosareoverweight.Asaresult,

overweightLatinosarenotseenasmorelikelytobeAmericans—aswasthecasewithAsian-

Americans.

A.Astereotypeisabelief,oftenuntrue,thatmanyhaveaboutagroupofpeople

B.Thesuggestionisthatmaybepeopleavoidfoodsthatarestereotypicaloftheirethnicgroupso

thattheywouldfitinbetter

C.Theresearchersfoundthatweightdidnotinfluencewhethertheysawwhites,African-Americans

andLatinosasbeingAmericans

D.ThemostsurprisinganswerwashowpeoplesawAsian-Americans

E.MostAsian-Americansanswerthequestionwithouthesitation

F.Somestereotypesderivefromdiscriminationagainstcertaingroup

【参考答案与解题思路】

■I.D

考查前后段落之间关系，比如：作为过渡句

解析：第一段指出华盛顿大学的研究人员给被试人员展示照片并询问哪个照片更像美国人，

第二段的第一句话是超重的亚裔美国人比正常体重的亚裔美国人看上去更像是美国人。因此

答案是D选项，令人吃惊的结果是人们如何看待亚裔美国人，作为过渡句，承上启下。

■2.A

考查前后句子之间关系，比如：空格在一个段落中间

解析：前一句是研究者认为这个结果符合常见的偏见现象，后一句是并且一种常见的偏见就

是亚洲人很瘦而大多数的美国人很胖。所以这两个句子中间的句子应该解释什么是偏见，偏

见就是一种对一群人的观念，而这种观念经常是错误的。

■3.B

考查前后句子之间关系，比如：空格在一个段落中间

解析：前一句是研究发现当亚裔美国人点餐时，当被问道是否会说英语时，会比不被问时，

点美国食物的概率多两倍。这表明了他们可能为了更好地融入美国社会，刻意避免买他们民

族的食物。

■4.C

考查前后段落之间关系，比如：作为过渡句

解析：上一段说体重确实作为人们判断亚裔美国人是否作为美国人的一个重要标志，而研究

者发现体重并没有影响他们判断白人，非洲裔和拉丁裔是不是美国人。下一段说这也支持了

来自身材偏瘦国家的外国人，当他们超重时会被认为更像美国人的观点。因此选择C

体裁说明文词数655限时10分钟

RunninginColdWeatherImprovesPerformance

Coldweatherduringwintermonthsmaykeepmanypeoplefromleavinghomeandrunninginthe

openair.However,anewstudyshowsthatthedropintemperatureisagoodreasontorun.Infact,

researcherssay,runningincoldweatherhelpsimproveone'sperformance.Manypeoplesayrunning

inthewintercanbedifficult.Tworeasonsarethelowtemperaturesandbitterwinds.Yetmany

runnersmightfinditeasierthanrunninginhotweather.Thatcouldbe⑴lower

temperaturereducestressonthebody.Whenyourunincoldweather,yourheartrateandthebody's

dehydrationlevelsarelowerthaninwarmerconditions.Thebodyneedslesswateronacoldday

thaninwarmweather.ThisinformationcomesfromsportsscientistsatSt.Mary'sUniversityin

London.JohnBrewerisaprofessorof(2)(apply)sportscienceatSt.Mary's.For

thisstudy,heandotherresearchersputagroupofpeopleintoaroomtheycalledan"environmental

chamber."Theresearchersthenrecreatedsummerandwinterweatherconditionsintheroom.The

testsubjects⑶(ask)torun10,000metersunderbothconditions.Brewersaysheand

histeamrecordedbiologicalmeasurementsoftherunners.''We'vegotagroupofsubjectsintothe

environmentalchamber,we'vechangedtheconditions[4)(replicate)thesummeror

winterandwe'vegotthemtoruna10kunderbothofthoseconditionsandtakenvarious

measurementsoneachrunnerwhilstthey*vebeencompletingtheir10k.HBrewersaysevery

movementrunnersmakeproducesheat.Heexplainsthatonewayinwhichweloseheatisby

sweating.''Thatheatbuildsupinthebodyandcanbereallydamagingi5]youcanlose

thatheat.Oneofthemechanismsbywhichweloseheatisthroughsweating,butwealsoloseheat

bytransportingthebloodtothesurfaceoftheskin[6)itcanloseheatoutintothe

externalenvironment.Now,thatputsmorestrainontheheart,particularlyinhotconditionsbecause

it'smuchhardertoloseheatwhentheexternalenvironmentiswarmaswell."Andthatincreased

strain,addsBrewer,canbeconsiderable.Runninginhighertemperaturesresultsinfasterheart

rates."Wefound,forexample,thatheartrateswereabout6percenthigherinthehotterconditions.

Wefoundthattherunnersdehydratedbyaround30,38percentmorein[7)hotter

conditions.Andtheyfounditabout30percenteasier—thetestoftheirthermalregulation,howthey

felt,(and)theirperceptionofheat—wasaroundathirdlowerwhentheywererunningincold

conditions."Thebodydoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodtotheskin'ssurface.Brewer

saysthatmeansrunningincoolertemperaturesrequireslessenergy.Headdsthatseriousrunners

couldcutvaluableseconds(8)theirpersonalbesttimesbychoosingtoruninthe

winter."Ifyoulookattop-levelspoils,ifyoulookatthelikesofMoFarahrunninglOKsand

winningworldandOlympicchampionships;thedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureisseconds,

andit'scertainlynotminutes.Wecanbeveryconfidentthatincoolerconditionsyoucancertainly

sliceadecentpercentageoftimeoffyourpersonalbest."Severalwebsitesnotethat(9)

(important)thingforpeoplewhorunincoldconditionsistoweartherightclothing.Keepingasdry

aspossibleisthekeyissuewhenexercisinginlowtemperatures.Wearmittensonyourhands

(10)(止匕题2空)gloves.Wearshoesthatwillkeepyoufromfalling.Andespecially,wearmorethan

onelayerofclothingtokeepsweatawayfromyourskin.So,ifyouarearunner,don'tletwinter

weatherkeepyouindoors.Simplygetreadyforthelowtemperaturesandstartrunning.

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.because

本题考查连词

解析：上一句提到“许多人觉得在天冷的时候跑步比天热的时候更容易”，本句的下半句说“更

低的温度可以减少身体的压力”，其实是在解释上一句的原因。所以用because表示原因。

■2.applied

本题考查非谓语

解析：apply的过去分词applied可以用作形容词，意为“应用的"。appliedsportscience是一

门学科，意为“应用运动科学

■3.wereasked

本题考查动词的时态与语态

解析：本句意为“测试对象对要求在两种天气条件下跑10000米“。动作发生在过去，所以用

过去时。主语testsubject是被要求去跑的，所以用被动态。所以此处填wereasked。

■4.toreplicate

本题考查非谓语动词

解析：replicate意为“复制”。“研究者改变气候条件的目的是为了模拟夏天和冬天”，动词的

不定式可以用来表示目的，所以用toreplicate。

■5.unless

本题考查连词

解析：unless意为“除非”。本句意为“储存在身体内过多的热量是有害的，除非你能散去它

们”。

■6.where

本题考查主从复合句

解析:此处where是关系副词，引导定语从句，并且在从句中作地点状语,先行词是thesurface

oftheskin。

■7.those

本题考查代词

解析：that/those可以作指示代词，指代前文中已经出现过的内容。前文中已经出现过hot

conditions,而且又是复数，所以用those»

■8.off

本题考查介词

解析：cut…off…表示“从什么中切掉什么”。此处意为“从自己最宝贵的时间的时间里抽出-

些”。

■9.themostimportant

本题考查形容词

解析：根据文意，此处表达的是最高级的意思，所以用most的最高级。

■10.insteadof

本题考查连接词词组

解析：mittens指连指手套，而gloves指一般的手套。此处是说“在冷天跑步的时候，建议戴

连指手套而不是普通手套工

体裁说明文词数503限时10分钟

Fruits,VegetablesCanLowerBloodPressure

Wemaynotneedanotherstudytellingusthatfruitsandvegetablesaregoodforourbodies.But

researchandstudiescanhelpustounderstandhowfoodsaffectourbodiesingoodwaysand

bad.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia'sKeckSchoolhavefound(1)

greatreasontoeatmorefruitsandvegetables.Theysaythatpotassium-richfoodslikesweet

potatoes,avocados,spinachandbananascouldhelptoloweryourbloodpressure.Highblood

pressure,_________(2)_____hypertension,isaninternationalproblem.ExpertsattheWorldHealth

Organizationsaymorethanonebillionpeoplesufferfromhighbloodpressure.Theconditioncauses

51percentofdeaths(3)strokeand45percentofdeathsduetoheartdisease.Health

officialsintheU.S.sayheartdiseaseandstroketogetherkillmoreAmericanseachyearthanany

othercause.Yearsofresearch[4](link)sodium,orsalt,intaketoincreasedblood

pressure.So,officialsadvisepeopletousesaltinmoderation.ExpertsattheUnitedStatesCenters

forDiseaseControlandPreventionsayAmericansgetmostoftheirsodium-about75%—from

processedfoodsandeatingatrestaurants.Thisisagoodreasontoeatfreshfood(5)

(prepare)athome.AliciaMcDonoughisaprofessorofcellandneurobiologyattheKeckSchoolof

Medicine.Sheledthisrecentstudy.McDonoughsaysthateatinglesssodiumisawell-knownway

tolowerbloodpressure.Butshealsosaysevidencesuggeststhateatingmorepotassiummayhave

anequallyimportanteffectonhypertension.Forherresearch,sheexaminedstudiesthatlookedat

thelinkbetweenpotassiumandsodium.McDonoughfoundthatpeoplewhoatemorepotassium

generallyhadlowerbloodpressureunconnectedtohowmuchsodiumtheyate.Herresearch

suggeststhatthebodydoescreatesabalance,usingsodiumtocontrolpotassiumlevelsintheblood.

“Whendietarypotassiumishigh,"shesays,"kidneysexcretemoresaltandwater,(6)

increasespotassiumexcretion.'1Thisprocesscleansthekidneys.Sheexplainsthatashumans

evolved,theyateadietrichinpotassium,butlowinsodium.Thishasleadustocravesodium,not

potassium.'*______(7)_____youeatatypicalWestemdiet,"shesays,nyoursodiumintakeishigh

andyourpotassiumintakeislow."Sheaddsthatthisgreatly''increasesyourchancesof(8)

(develop)highbloodpressure."McDonoughpublishedherstudyintheApril2017issueof

theAmericanJournalofPhysiology-EndocrinologyandMetabolism.HealthexpertsattheCDCagree

that"eatingenoughpotassiumeachdaycanhelpbalanceoutsomeoftheharmfuleffectsthathigh

sodiumintakecanhaveonbloodpressure."[9]theyalsosaythateatinglesssodium

isimportantaswell.Onitswebsite,theCDCliststhesefruitsandvegetables--andotherfoods—

asbeinggoodsourcesofpotassium.Buthowmuchpotassiumshouldweeateachday?A2004

studybytheInstituteofMedicineshowsadults(10)eatabout4.7gramsof

potassiumadaytolowerbloodpressure.McDonoughsayseatingabout60gramsofbeanswould

provide50percentofthat.

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.another

考查形容词

解析：原文第一段说我们不需要另外的研究告知我们水果和蔬菜对我们的身体有益，但是研

究可以帮助我们理解水果和蔬菜是如何对我们的身体产生好处和坏处的。接下来第二段说一

项新的研窕就给了我们多吃水果蔬菜的另一个重要原因是可以降血压。故在名词reason前

填形容词anothero

■2.or

考查连词(并列连词，考查上下文逻辑关系)

解析：高血压，或者专业名称叫做hypertension,是一个世界范围内的大问题。所以填连词

or,表示选择关系。

■3.from

考查介词

解析:前一句提到世界健康组织统计每年超过10亿人死于高血压,接着说高血压造成了51%

的人死于中风，45%的人死于心脏疾病。表示表示死的原因,die后既可接介词of,也可接

from,两者的区别是：若死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般

用介词of.如：dieofillness(hearttrouble,cancer,afever,etc)；若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,

而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词from.如：diefroman

earthquake(atrafficaccident,alightning,astroke,etc)

■4.havelinked

考查动词的时态与语态

解析：根据这句话的意思，多年的研究已经将钠，或者是盐的摄入量和高血压联系在一起，

所以用现在完成时，表示从过去开始的动作持续到现在，对现在的影响。

■5.