Unit 3 知识点学案-高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

知识要点1starve近.&以(使)挨饿；饿死

［教材原句P16］Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaid

thatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedand

died.

［例1］Thenewjobdoesn'tpayasmuchbutwewon'tstarve!

［例2］Thestarvationisstillaveryseriousproblemtoday.It'ssaidthat

oneinsevenpeopleintheworldisstarving.Fortunately,theUNhastakena

lotofmeasurestoprotectthemfrombeingstarvedtodeath.

［知识拓展］

(1)starvetodeath峨死

starvefor渴望；急需be

thirsty/hungry/despcratc/eagcrfor

(2)starvedadj.感到很饿的

bestarvedtodeath被饿死

bestarvedofVfor极需；缺乏

(3)starvationn.挨饿；饿死

［即学即练］［小片段助记］

Mr.Whiteearnsonlyalittlewage,sohe(渴望)ajobwithbetter

pay.Yousee,noonelikesto(饿死).

知识耍点2sustainvt.维持二maintain,遭受，承受住二support

［例1］Theyfounditdifficulttosustainaninterestintheirtalk.

［例2］Thecompanysustainedlossesofmillionsofdollars.

［例3］Theicewillnotsustainyourweight.

［即学即练］

isabrandnewideaofsocietydevelopment,可持续发展是一种全

新的社会发展观。

知识要点3fuel比燃料，刺激性言行

［例l］Wcaddcarbondioxidetotheairwhenweburnthings,especially

fossilfuels.

［例2］Thecompanyaddedfueltothefirebysendingmethedressinthe

wrongsize.

［例3］Thatmatchfueledmyinterestinsports.

【熟词生义】“

HowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaJginationforcenturies?

知识要点4restrictvt,限制；限定；束缚

［教材原句P27］Wcasindividualscanalsoreduceour"carbonfbotprinf'

byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.

［例1］Havingsmallchildrentendstorestrictyourfreedom.

［W2］Herestrictshimselftoonecupofcoffeeaday.

［知识拓展］

(l)restrict...to...把……限制在……

berestrictedto限于

restrictsb./oneselftodoingsth.约束……干……

(2)rcstrictionn.限制规定；限制法规；控制

strict/tough/tighirestriction严格限制

［即学即练］单句语法填空

Theparkisopentothepublicwithout(restrict).

知识要点5seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制

［教材原句P27］Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunityto

educateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...

［例11Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.

口列2］Thearmyhasseizedcontrolofthecountry.

［熟词生义］

Althoughhehadreadthepassageoverandoveragain,hedidn'tseizeits

generalidea.

［知识拓展］

seizethechance/opportunity抓住机会

seize...by/withterror/desire被恐惧/欲望占据

seizesb.bythearm抓住某人胳膊

seizeon/upon采用；抓住；利用

［即学即练］单句语法填空

@Weseizehisremarkandregarditasapromise.

②Thelittleboyseizedmebyarmtobegforsomemoney.

知识要点6submitvt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服；顺从；认为

［教材原句P28〕Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers,between

20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythe

destructionoftropicalforests.

［例1］Completedprojectsmustbesubmittedby10March.

［例2］Sheisastrong-willedpersonwhoneversubmitstofailure.

［知识拓展］

(l)submitsth.tosb.提交；呈递某物给某人

submit(oneself)tosb./sth.（尤指无可选择时）同意,

服从"givein

submitthat提议；认为

(2)submissiveadj.服从的；顺从的；恭顺的

submissionn.屈服；呈送；提交

［即学即练］［小片段助记］

Thegeneralhadtotheagreementtotheenemies.Thatistosay,

hethem.

知识要点7onbehalfof代表(代替)某人

［教材原句P29］I'mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobal

warming.

［例1］Don'tgotoanytroubleonmybehalf.

［W2］OnbehalfofthedepailmentIwouldliketothankyouall.

［知识拓展］

onbehalfof=onsb.,sbehalf

inbehalfof=insb.'sbehalf(美国英语)

都可表示“做某人的代表或代言人；为某人之利益”。

知识要点8sensitiveadj.敏感的：善解人意的：灵敏的

［教材原句P29］Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?

［例1］Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople'sfeelings.

H列2］Wetlandsareenvironmentallysensitivearea.

［知识拓展］

(l)besensitiveabout/to...对....敏感的

(2)scnsibleadj.明智的

［即学即练］单句语法填空

@Peoplemustbesensitivethispossibilitywhentheymake

volunteeractivitiesamust.

②Ithinkthesuggestionis(sense).

知识要点9inspectionn.检查；查看；视察

［教材原句P33］Atthesametime,theystartedtocarryoutinspections

regularlyandfinetouristorganisationsforabuses.

［例1］Theheadmasterwentonatourofinspectionofallthe

classrooms.

口列2］Engineerscarriedoutathoroughinspectionofthetrack.

「知识拓展］

(1)daily/routineinspection日常检查

(2)inspectvt.检查；视察

［即学即练］单句语法填空

Thevisitingpresidentthetroops.来访的总统检阅了部队。

知识要点10toleratevt.忍受；包容；容许

［教材原句P34］Thevillagerscouldnolongertoleratethesituation.

［例1］Thissortofbehaviourwillnotbetolerated.

［例2JIdon'tknowhowyoutoleratethatnoise!

［知识拓展］

(1)tolerate(doing)sth.容忍（做）某事

(2)tolerancen.容忍；宽容

havenotoleranceof/forsth.不能容忍某事/物

(3)tolerantadj.--intolerant(S)宽容的；容忍的

betolerantofVtowardssb./sth.忍受、宽容某人/某事

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Icouldnottoleratetheir(make)upanyexcusesforwhattheydid.

②Someplantsare(tolerate)ofextremeheat.

SentencePatterns

重点句式1Thereislittledoubtthat...

［教材原句P261ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerand

warmer.

［例1］Thereisnodoubtthatitwasastrangeandinterestingsituation.

［例2］Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomething

abouthowcomputerswork.

［造句］Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcometohelpus.

［知识拓展］

我确信

(1)1havenodoubtthat...

爱疑

即

Ihavesomedoubtwhether...

找疑

怀

你疑

(2)1doubtwhether/if-clause怀

吗?

Doyoudoubtthat-clause?

［即学即练］单句语法填空

Idoubtwewillmakeaprofitoutofit.

重点句式2notonly...butalso...

［教材原句P27IThereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethatthe

riseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnatural

disastersworldwide,notonlycausingseriousdamage,butalsocosting

humanlives.

［例1］Airnotonlyoccupiesspace,butitalsohasweight.

［例2］Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.

［造句］老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。

Theoldworkersinstructtheyoungworkersnotonlyinwordsbutin

deeds.

［知识拓展］

(l)notonly与butalso后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。

(2)nolonly只能连用，而bulalso既可连月，也可分开用。notonly与

butalso后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，谓语动

词的数应与butalso后的名词的数保持一致。

(3)nolonly放在句首，后接句子要用部分倒装。

［即学即练］单句语法填空

©Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(be)invited.

②Notonlyyoufunny,butalsoyouarewitty(机智的).

重点句式3.Waterpollutionlevelsincreased,withmorehouseholdand

commercialwasteendingupintheriver.随着越来越多的家庭和商业废物

流入江中，水污染程度不断上升。

【句式解构】“with+名词+u-ing分词”是with的复合结构，它在句中作

状语。其中名词后的艮-ing分词还可以是忱-ed分词、形容词、副词、介

词短语、名词、不定式等。

*Withtheteacherstandingbeside,shefeltabituneasy.

*Withanativebeingourguide,weneedn'tbeafraidofgettinglost.

*Withhertogowithus,we'resuretohaveapleasantjourney.

*Withhishaircut,helooksmuchyounger.