安徽省十校联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期开年考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1安徽省十校联盟2022-2023学年高二下学期开年考英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASomanystories,solittletime.Ourfavoritebookclubsforkidswillensurethatyourkidisreadingthecoolestpicksonthebestsellerlistandbeyond!BookCultureThiscommunitybookstoregoesaboveandbeyondtomakeitselfadestinationforreadingandplayingalike.Inadditiontoitsinvitingchildren’sroom,packedwithpuzzles,artsupplies,clothingandtoys,thestoreattractskidswithitsweekendstorytellingsessions(一段时间),oftenfeaturingguestappearancesbyauthorspopularwithkids.ThaliaKidsBookClubKidsstayinclosetouchwithbest-sellingauthorsandparticipateinwritingworkshopsandliterarycampsaroundthecity.Inthepast,campershavemetwithbignameslikeNortonJuster(ThePhantomTollboth)andRebeccaStead(WhenYouReachMe).CamprunsJuly14—Aug8,Mon—Fri,9am—4pm.One-weeksession$675.Ages9to13.Dimenna’sChildren’sHistoryMuseumThisnew18,000square-footspaceisperfectforthosewhocan’tresistgoodbooks,includingnewreleases,smallpresscollections,translatedworksandmore.Butthebookshopisnotjustaplacetomakepurchases.The160-seatauditorium,readingroomandclassroomspacewillwelcomebookloversforawidevarietyofevents.Allages.TheCenterforFictionInanefforttoaddapersonaltouchtoreading,this18,000square-footspaceoffersitsowntakeonabookclubforschoolsinthearea—completelyfreeofcharge.Readersareinvitedtomeettheauthorsthey’vebeenreadinginclass,askquestionsandlearnaboutthestoriesinawelcomingenvironment.1.Whichisthebestchoiceforakidenjoyinglisteningtostories?A.BookCulture.B.ThaliaKidsBookClub.C.Dimenna’sChildren’sHistoryMuseum.D.TheCenterforFiction.2.WhatcanweinferaboutNortonJusterandRebeccaSteadfromthetext?A.Theyarefondofgoingcamping.B.Theyarelikelytobefamousauthors.C.TheyarefoundersofThaliaKidsBookClub.D.TheyareregularvisitorstoThaliaKidsBookClub.3.WhatmakesTheCenterforFictionespeciallyappealingtobooklovers?A.Itcombinesreadingandplaying.B.Itoffersfreebookstobooklovers.C.Ithasalargenumberofbooks.D.Itenableskidstocommunicatewiththeirfamiliarauthors.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，给喜欢读书的孩子们介绍了几家图书俱乐部。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据BookCulture“书籍文化”部分第二句“Inadditiontoitsinvitingchildren’sroom,packedwithpuzzles,artsupplies,clothingandtoys,thestoreattractskidswithitsweekendstorytellingsessions(一段时间),oftenfeaturingguestappearancesbyauthorspopularwithkids.(除了充满益智游戏、艺术用品、服装和玩具的儿童房，该店还举办了周末讲故事活动，经常邀请受孩子欢迎的作家客串，吸引孩子们。)”可知，这家书店邀请作家讲故事，因此喜欢听故事的孩子可以选择此地。故选A项。【2题详析】推理判断题。根据ThaliaKidsBookClub“Thalia孩子图书俱乐部”部分一二句“Kidsstayinclosetouchwithbest-sellingauthorsandparticipateinwritingworkshopsandliterarycampsaroundthecity.Inthepast,campershavemetwithbignameslikeNortonJuster(ThePhantomTollboth)andRebeccaStead(WhenYouReachMe).(孩子们与畅销书作家保持密切联系，并参加城市各地的写作研讨会和文学营。在过去，露营者曾遇到过诺顿·贾斯特（NortonJuster）（《幽灵托尔伯特》）和丽贝卡·斯蒂德（RebeccaStead）（《当你接近我》）这样的大人物。)”可知，这两个人都是著名作家。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据TheCenterforFiction“小说中心”部分最后一句“Readersareinvitedtomeettheauthorsthey’vebeenreadinginclass,askquestionsandlearnaboutthestoriesinawelcomingenvironment.(读者被邀请在课堂上与他们阅读过的作者见面，提问，并在欢迎的环境中了解故事。)”可知，在这里读者能够和作者交流沟通。故选D项。BAndreaMartínez,a21-year-oldlawstudentattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMéxico,hasbeenadmittedasthecountry’sfirstfemalecollegefootball(橄榄球)player.WhenMartíneztriedoutfortheteam,sheassumedtheschoolhadawomen’steamwhereshemightbeplaced,butwastoldshewouldbeplayingalongsidethemen.Martínezgotherstartasasoccerplayerbeforetryingoutfortheuniversity’sfootballteamaftertheypostedanopencallforkickers.Martínezwasn’touttoplayfootballspecifically,butsawthatshecouldapplyhertalentsasasoccerplayertoanewgame.“ThedecisionImadewastotryanewsport.Nothingelse,”shesaid.“IwasveryhappywhenIheardthenewsthatIhadbeenthegirlselected.”Martínezisnottheonlysoccerplayerturningtofootball,especiallyasitbecomesmorepopularthroughoutthecountry.Itisestimatedthatthereareabout48millionfootballfansinMexicoandthenumbersaregrowing.Martínezisalsonotthefirstfemalecollegefootballkicker,althoughsheisthefirstoneinMexico.In1997,LizHeastonbecamethefirstwomanintheUStoplaythatpositiononacollegeteam.However,AshleyMartinwasthefirstwomantoscoreapointasakickerin2001.ItwasneverMartínez’sintentiontobecomefamous,butthat’sexactlywhathashappened.Sofar,Martínezhasdonemorethan80interviewsandhasseenherselfonthecoverofeverymajornewspaperinthecountryandevenonnationaltelevision,ararity(罕见的事)foranycollegefootballplayer.“Therearelittlegirlsandboyswhocomeandaskmeforaphotoorcomeupandsayverynicewordstome,”shesaid.“It’sthemostsatisfyingthingI’veeverfelt,realizingthatperhapsI’minspiringthemalittle.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAndreaMartínezfromthetext?A.Shehasscoredapointasakicker.B.Shealwaysplayswithmenplayers.C.Shestartedbyplayingfootball.D.SheisafootballkickerinMexico.5.WhatwasAndreaMartínez’sexpectationwhentryingoutforthefootballteam?A.Toplayalongsidethemen.B.Tojointhewomen’sfootballteam.C.Towinthechampionship.D.Tobereportedinmajornewspapers.6.WhydidAndreaMartínezdecidetoturntofootball?A.Shewasboredwithplayingsoccer.B.She’dliketotryadifferentsport.C.Shehopedtoproveherselfasakicker.D.Shepreferredfootballtosoccer.7.WhatwasitthatmadeAndreaMartínezverysatisfied?A.SheisfamousalloverMexico.B.Sheisadmiredbyothers.C.Shehasagoodinfluenceonothers.D.Sheencouragesgirlstoplayfootball.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了墨西哥第一位女大学生橄榄球运动员——21岁的AndreaMartínez的事迹。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Martínezisalsonotthefirstfemalecollegefootballkicker,althoughsheisthefirstoneinMexico.(Martínez并不是第一个女大学生橄榄球运动员，尽管她是墨西哥的第一个。)”可知，AndreaMartínez是墨西哥的橄榄球运动员。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenMartíneztriedoutfortheteam,sheassumedtheschoolhadawomen’steamwhereshemightbeplaced,butwastoldshewouldbeplayingalongsidethemen.(当Martínez参加球队选拔时，她以为学校有一个女子球队，她可能会被安排在那里，但她被告知她将和男子一起比赛。)”可知，AndreaMartínez在为球队选拔时的期望是加入女子球队。故选B项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据二段中“ThedecisionImadewastotryanewsport.(我做的决定是尝试一项新的运动。)”可知，因为AndreaMartínez想尝试一种不同的运动，所以她决定由足球转向橄榄球。故选B项。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’sthemostsatisfyingthingI’veeverfelt,realizingthatperhapsI’minspiringthemalittle.(这是我感受到的最满意的事情，意识到我可能会对他们有所激励。)”可知，使AndreaMartínez非常满意的是对别人有很好的影响。故选C项。CTheOkapiWildlifeReserve,locatedintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,isaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandhometoone-sixthoftheremainingwildokapiintheworld.Itprotectsmanyotherwildlifespeciesaswellasone-fifthoftheIturiforest.Butdespiteitsstatus,thereserveisunderthreatfromhumanactivities.Mining,deforestation(森林破坏),andillegalhuntingareallthreateningthereserve,andcriminalshavemurderedseveralpeople,includingforestguards,since2012.Forestlossisexpandingrapidly.In2020,themostdeforestationintheOkapiWildlifeReservesincerecordsbeganin2002wasrecordedviasatellitedata.Since2002,theareahaslostabout7%ofitstotalforestcover.Mostrecently,satellitedatashowsdeforestationalongtheIturiRiverinlate2021,likelyfromillegalgoldmining.“Minersareactuallyeatingthereserveoutofitswildlifebyhuntinganimalsforfood.Thereisalmostnowildlifeleftaroundthemineitself,andwildlifenumbersaregreatlyreducedaroundminingtowns,”saidJohnLukas,co-founderoftheOkapiConservationProject.Protectingthereserveisimportantfortheendangeredokapiandotherwildlifethatcalltheregionhome,butpreservingthearea’sforestsisofparticularsignificanceindealingwithclimatechange.“TheforestsofCongo,morethanforestsintheAmazonandinAsia,storecarbonevenintimesofdroughtandrisingtemperatures,”explainedLukas.“Preservingtheforestsnotonlyprovideshabitatsforokapi,elephantsandchimpanzeesbutgiveshumanstimetoadjustoursourceofenergytobemoresustainableandcarbonneutral(碳中和).HopefullytheWesternworldwillfinanciallysupportthecountriesoftheCongobasintovaluetheirforestsassourcesoflifeandnotjustakindofgoodstobesold.”8.WhathappenedtotheforestsintheOkapiWildlifeReserve?A.Forestguardshunting.B.Miningviasatellites.C.About7%forestlossin21years.D.One-fifthofwildanimalsleaving.9.Whyhassomuchwildlifedisappearedaroundthemines?A.Becauseofbeingkilledforfood.B.Becauseofthehightemperature.C.Becauseofnohabitat.D.Becauseofthedeadlydiseases.10.Whyisitparticularlyimportanttoprotecttheforestsinthereserve?A.Goldminesareintheforests.B.Theforestsaffectclimate.C.Theforestsarehometowildspecies.D.Agoodlifecanbeledbysellingtrees.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A.CurrentsituationoftheOkapiWildlifeReserveB.GoldminesfoundintheOkapiWildlifeReserveC.ProtectingthewildlifeintheOkapiWildlifeReserveD.EndangeredOkapireservethreatenedbyhumanactivities【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。刚果民主共和国的霍加狓野生动物保护区是霍加狓和众多野生动物的避难所，但近年来，这些野生动物正受到采矿、偷猎、砍伐森林等人类活动的威胁。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since2002,theareahaslostabout7%ofitstotalforestcover.Mostrecently,satellitedatashowsdeforestationalongtheIturiRiverinlate2021,likelyfromillegalgoldmining.(自2002年以来，该地区的森林覆盖面积已经减少了约7%。)”可知，自2002年以来，即21年中，该地区的森林覆盖面积减少了约7%。故选C项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Minersareactuallyeatingthereserveoutofitswildlifebyhuntinganimalsforfood.Thereisalmostnowildlifeleftaroundthemineitself,andwildlifenumbersaregreatlyreducedaroundminingtowns,’saidJohnLukas,co-founderoftheOkapiConservationProject.(‘矿工们通过猎杀动物来获取食物，实际上是在消耗保护区的野生动物。矿井周围几乎没有野生动物，采矿城镇周围的野生动物数量大大减少，’霍加狓保护项目的联合创始人约翰·卢卡斯说。)”可推知，造成金矿周围野生动物灭绝的原因是矿工们猎捕它们当做食物。故选A项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Protectingthereserveisimportantfortheendangeredokapiandotherwildlifethatcalltheregionhome,butpreservingthearea’sforestsisofparticularsignificanceindealingwithclimatechange.(保护保护区对濒临灭绝的霍加狓和其他以该地区为家的野生动物很重要，但保护该地区的森林对应对气候变化尤为重要。)”可推知，森林保护对改善气候有利，故选B项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其文章首段“TheOkapiWildlifeReserve,locatedintheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,isaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandhometoone-sixthoftheremainingwildokapiintheworld.Itprotectsmanyotherwildlifespeciesaswellasone-fifthoftheIturiforest.Butdespiteitsstatus,thereserveisunderthreatfromhumanactivities.(位于刚果民主共和国的霍加皮野生动物保护区是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产，世界上仅存的野生霍加皮有六分之一生活在这里。它保护着许多其他野生物种以及五分之一的伊图里森林。但尽管它的地位，保护区正受到人类活动的威胁)”点明主题，全文都是围绕“霍加狓保护区受到人类活动的威胁”这个主题展开，D项“EndangeredOkapireservethreatenedbyhumanactivities(濒危的霍加狓保护区受到人类活动的威胁)”最符合作本文标题。故选D项。DLifeexpectancy(寿命)inAfricarosebynearly10yearsinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.“Thisriseisgreaterthaninanyotherregionoftheworldduringthesameperiod,”theWHOsaid.Intheyear2019,theaverageAfricancouldexpecttolivetobe56.However,thatisstillwellbelowtheglobalaverageof64years.WHOofficialLindiweMakubalowarnedthelifeexpectancygainscouldeasilybelostunlesscountriesstrengthenandmakegreaterinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofhealthcaresystems.MakubalosaidAfricahasmadeagoodstartoverthepasttwodecades.Onaverage,shesaid,accesstoessentialserviceslikebasichealthcareimprovedto46%in2019comparedwith24%in2000.“Otherfactorsincludeimprovementsinreproductive,newbornandchildhealthcare,aswellasadvancesinfightinginfectious(传染的)diseases,suchasTB,malariaandHIV.”Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases,thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging.Itsaysthegreatriseindiabetes,cancerandothernon-infectiousdiseasescouldjeopardize(危害)healthgainsifthoseconditionscontinuetobeignored.ThereportsaystheCOVID-19outbreakhasbroughtaboutgreaterdamagestoessentialhealthservicesinAfricacomparedtootherregionsoftheworld,whichmightaffecthealthylifeexpectancy.“Itisimportantthatsignificantimprovementsaremadeinhealthservices,andgovernmentsensurequality,equalandaccessibleservicesforall,”Makubalosaid.Accordingtothereport,someprogresshasbeenmadeinachievinguniversalhealthcoverage,butitisfarfromenough.Healthofficialssayoneofthekeymeasurestoimproveaccesstohealthservicesisforgovernmentstoincreasetheirpublichealthbudgets.That,theysay,wouldreducethehugeout-of-pocketexpensesbyfamiliesthatarepushingmillionsofpeopleintopoverty.12.WhatwastheaveragelifeexpectancyofpeopleinAfricain2000?A.46. B.54. C.56. D.64.13.WhichcontributedtoAfricans’lifeexpectancyriseaccordingtothetext?A.Plentyoffoodsupplies.B.Improvementinbasichealthservices.C.Easieraccesstocleandrinkingwater.D.Progressinfightingagainstnon-infectiousdiseases.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lagging”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Unique. B.Independent. C.Informal. D.Underdeveloped.15.What’sWHO’sattitudetowardsAfrica’spresentsituation?A.Positive. B.Uncertain. C.Concerned. D.Pessimistic.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织的一项评估报告显示，2000年至2019年间，非洲区域的人均预期寿命平均提高了近10岁，这一增幅高于同期世界任何其他地区。报告同时提醒，新冠疫情的破坏性影响以及非传染性疾病卫生服务的滞后可能会威胁到这些巨大的进步。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Lifeexpectancy(寿命)inAfricarosebynearly10yearsinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.(根据世界卫生组织的数据，本世纪头20年，非洲人的预期寿命提高了近10岁。)”和第二段第一句“Intheyear2019,theaverageAfricancouldexpecttolivetobe56.(2019年，非洲人的平均预期寿命为56岁。)”可知，2000年非洲人的平均寿命为46岁。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“MakubalosaidAfricahasmadeagoodstartoverthepasttwodecades.Onaverage,shesaid,accesstoessentialserviceslikebasichealthcareimprovedto46%in2019comparedwith24%in2000.‘Otherfactorsincludeimprovementsinreproductive,newbornandchildhealthcare,aswellasadvancesinfightinginfectious(传染的)diseases,suchasTB,malariaandHIV.’(Makubalo说，非洲在过去20年有了一个良好的开端。她说，平均而言，获得基本医疗保健等基本服务的人数从2000年的24%提高到2019年的46%。‘其他因素包括生殖、新生儿和儿童保健的改善，以及在防治结核病、疟疾和艾滋病毒等传染病方面的进展。’)”可知，基本医疗保健方面的改善使非洲人均寿命得到了提高。故选B。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词所在句“Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases,thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging.(虽然在预防和治疗传染性疾病方面取得了进展，但报告发现，非传染性疾病的卫生服务lagging。)”分析可知，while引导的从句“Whileprogresshasbeenmadeinpreventingandtreatinginfectiousdiseases(尽管在预防和治疗传染病方面取得了进展)”，为让步状语从句，while意思是“虽然，尽管”，表示转折对比；主句“thereportfoundhealthservicesfornon-infectiousdiseasesarelagging”中的划线词lagging的意思与从句中“progresshasbeenmade”表达的意思相反，表示“落后的”，与underdeveloped意思一致。故选D。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“WHOofficialLindiweMakubalowarnedthelifeexpectancygainscouldeasilybelostunlesscountriesstrengthenandmakegreaterinvestmentsinthedevelopmentofhealthcaresystems.(世卫组织官员LindiweMakubalo警告说，除非各国加强并加大对发展卫生保健系统的投资，否则预期寿命的增长很容易丧失。)”、第五段“ThereportsaystheCOVID-19outbreakhasbroughtaboutgreaterdamagestoessentialhealthservicesinAfricacomparedtootherregionsoftheworld,whichmightaffecthealthylifeexpectancy.(报告称，与世界其他地区相比，COVID-19疫情对非洲基本卫生服务造成了更大的损害，这可能会影响健康预期寿命。)”以及最后一段“Accordingtothereport,someprogresshasbeenmadeinachievinguniversalhealthcoverage,butitisfarfromenough.Healthofficialssayoneofthekeymeasurestoimproveaccesstohealthservicesisforgovernmentstoincreasetheirpublichealthbudgets.That,theysay,wouldreducethehugeout-of-pocketexpensesbyfamiliesthatarepushingmillionsofpeopleintopoverty.(报告指出，在实现全民健康覆盖方面取得了一些进展，但这还远远不够。卫生官员说，改善卫生服务的关键措施之一是政府增加公共卫生预算。他们说，这将减少家庭的巨额自付支出，而这些支出正使数百万人陷入贫困。)”可知，世界卫生组织高度评价过去二十年里非洲取得的巨大进步，但对非洲未来卫生健康方面也有许多担忧，特别是对新冠疫情对非洲的影响、政府投资不足等方面。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Trytopicturetheworldbeforerefrigerators.Thatmaybedifficult!____16____Theymayalsohelpstoreleftoversthereafterdinner.Yes,lifetodaywouldbequitedifferentwithoutrefrigerators.Howdidpeoplekeeptheirfoodfreshbeforethesemachineswerearound?____17____Incoldareas,ancientpeoplecouldfreezetheirfood.Theycouldthenstoreitiniceandsnow.Warmerplacesallowedfordryingfoodinsunlight.Expertssaytheseearlypracticesgavepeopletheoptiontosettleandformcommunities.OneadvancedmethodoffoodstoragearoseinPersiaaround400BC.PeopletherestoredfoodinstructurescalledYakhchal,whichwerebuildingsmadefrommudbricktokeepicefrozenduringeventhewarmestsummermonths.DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplestoredmeatbysaltingorsmokingit.____18____Thesefoodscouldthenbestoredincoolplaces,likecaves,allowingpeopletosavefoodfordifficulttimes.Later,buildingscalledicehousesoricepitswerebuiltupontheideaoftheYakhchal.Suchicehouseswereverycommonbythe1800s.Attheendofthe19thcentury,manypeoplekepttheirfoodfreshiniceboxesmadeofwood.____19____Icedeliverybusinessesgrewwithmorehomesrequiringicetostorefood.Bythe1930s,manypeoplewereusingelectricrefrigeratorstokeepfoodfresh.____20____Manyrefrigeratorstodaycomewithbuilt-inicemakers.Somepeopleevenchoosesmartrefrigeratorsthatcanhelpthemwithmealplansandgroceryshopping.A.Theywouldalsodrymanyfoods,includinggrains.B.Thesecontainersheldlargeblocksoficetokeepfoodcool.C.Nooneknowsforsurehowpeoplefirstlearnedtostorefood.D.Afterall,kidstodayareusedtograbbingasnackfromthefridgeafterschool.E.Sincethen,growthintechnologyhasledthesemachinestobecomemoreadvanced.F.Withnomeanstostorefood,ancientpeopleoftenwenthungryorevendied.G.Actually,peoplefounddifferentwaystokeeptheirfoodfreshthousandsofyearsago.【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.B20.E【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不同时期人们保存食物的方法。【16题详析】上文“Trytopicturetheworldbeforerefrigerators.Thatmaybedifficult!(试着想象一下冰箱之前的世界。这可能很难！)”说明冰箱出现之前的世界很难，D项“毕竟，今天的孩子们已经习惯了放学后从冰箱里拿零食。”解释说明为什么很难想象没有冰箱的世界，承接上文，符合题意。故选D。【17题详析】下文“Incoldareas,ancientpeoplecouldfreezetheirfood.Theycouldthenstoreitiniceandsnow.Warmerplacesallowedfordryingfoodinsunlight.(在寒冷地区，古人可以冷冻食物。然后，他们可以将其储存在冰雪中。更温暖的地区允许在阳光下使食物变干)”说明古人保存食物的方法，G项“事实上，几千年前，人们发现了不同的方法来保持食物新鲜。”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。【18题详析】上文“DuringtheMiddleAges,peoplestoredmeatbysaltingorsmokingit.(在中世纪，人们通过腌制或烟熏来储存肉类)”说明中世纪的人们储存肉类的方法，以及下文“Thesefoodscouldthenbestoredincoolplaces,likecaves,allowingpeopletosavefoodfordifficulttimes.(这些食物可以被储存在凉爽的地方，比如洞穴，这样人们就可以为困难时期保存食物)”说明有些食物可以储存在凉爽的地方，A项“他们也会烘干许多食物，包括谷物。”与上文并列，举例说明人们储存食物的方法，并引出下文，符合题意。故选A。【19题详析】上文“Attheendofthe19thcentury,manypeoplekepttheirfoodfreshiniceboxesmadeofwood.(19世纪末，许多人把食物放在木制的冰箱里保鲜)”说明19世纪末，人们使用木制的冰箱保存食物，B项中Thesecontainers指代上文中的iceboxes，B项“这些容器装有大块冰块以保持食物的凉爽。”承接上文，符合题意。故选B。【20题详析】上文“Bythe1930s,manypeoplewereusingelectricrefrigeratorstokeepfoodfresh.(到了20世纪30年代，许多人都在使用冰箱来保持食物新鲜)”说明人们开始使用冰箱保存食物，以及下文“Manyrefrigeratorstodaycomewithbuilt-inicemakers.Somepeopleevenchoosesmartrefrigeratorsthatcanhelpthemwithmealplansandgroceryshopping.(现在许多冰箱都配有内置制冰机。有些人甚至选择智能冰箱，可以帮助他们制定用餐计划和购买食品杂货)”说明冰箱变得更加先进智能，E项中thesemachines指代上文中的electricrefrigerators，E项“从那时起，技术的发展使这些机器变得更加先进。”承上启下，符合题意。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AndrewChiltonwasdiagnosedwithautism(自闭症)atageeight.Therewasalotto____21____.Wouldheeverhaveajob?Live____22____?Doctorsandschoolofficials____23____thatAndrewmightnotevengraduatefromhighschool.Andrew’sfamilywoulddoanythingforhim.ChristyChachere,theboy’spersonalcareattendant,sawthe____24____rightaway.“Youhavetolethim____25____,”shetoldthefamily.“It’sthe____26____wayhelearnstodothingsonhisown.”NolongerwouldAndrew’smotherwritehispapers.Hisyoungerbrotherwouldn’t____27____himtooperatethecomputer.Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.Andrew____28____loudlyattimes.ButthenwhatChristyexpectedbeganto____29____.Andrewwouldcomehomefromschool,getasnackandstartonhishomework.Christywas______30______there.Shewouldn’tdohispapersforhim.Butsheshowedhimhowtogetorganized.Bestofall,Christyoffered______31______oncehisworkwasdone.She’d______32______himtoastorewherehecouldbuyPokémoncards.Tothemovies.Orouttoeathisfavoritefood.ChristyhasbeenwithAndrewforsixyears.Shehassuccessfullyhelped______33______thelifeofaboywithautism.One______34______atatime,Andrewgainedindependence.Hegraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredcommunitycollege.“Lifehasneverbeen______35______,”saidAndrew.21.A.putoff B.worryabout C.setaside D.settledown22.A.flexibly B.fortunately C.creatively D.independently23.A.whispered B.desired C.predicted D.witnessed24.A.opinion B.chance C.problem D.ability25.A.fail B.escape C.protect D.promise26.A.easy B.normal C.quick D.only27.A.help B.inspire C.allow D.refuse28.A.apologized B.complained C.requested D.argued29.A.pass B.reduce C.spread D.happen30.A.always B.sometimes C.seldom D.never31.A.quality B.measure C.freedom D.strength32.A.follow B.take C.force D.introduce33.A.ruin B.change C.occupy D.admire34.A.discovery B.competition C.choice D.step35.A.better B.busier C.easier D.quieter【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.D27.A28.B29.D30.A31.C32.B33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。安德鲁·奇尔顿是一个患有孤独症的孩子。幸运的是，他的私人护理员克里斯蒂·查切尔帮助他获得了新生。【21题详析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：有很多事情要担心。A.putoff推迟；B.worryabout担心；C.setaside搁置；D.settledown定居下来。根据下文“Wouldheeverhaveajob?(他会有工作吗？)”可知，安德鲁有很多让人担心的问题，比如是否能找到工作或者独立生活。故选B项。【22题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：能独立生活？A.flexibly灵活地；B.fortunately幸运地；C.creatively有创造力地；D.independently独立地。根据上文“AndrewChiltonwasdiagnosedwithautism(自闭症)atageeight.(安德鲁·奇尔顿八岁时被诊断为自闭症。)”可知，自闭症患者生活学习都是很难自主的，故大家可能对他能否独立生活很担心。故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生和学校官员预测，安德鲁甚至可能不会从高中毕业。A.whispered耳语；B.desired渴望；C.predicted预测；D.witnessed目睹。根据下文“Andrewmightnotevengraduatefromhighschool(安德鲁甚至可能不会从高中毕业)”可知，这是对安德鲁今后生活学习的一个可能性预测。故选C项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩的私人护理员克里斯蒂·查切尔马上发现了问题。A.opinion观点；B.chance机会；C.problem问题；D.ability能力。根据下文““Youhavetolethimfail,”shetoldthefamily.“It’stheonlywayhelearnstodothingsonhisown.”(“你必须让他失败，”她告诉家人。“这是他学会自己做事的唯一方法。”)”可知，私人护理员给安德鲁的家人提出建议，这肯定是因为她发现了问题所在。故选C项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你必须让他失败，”她告诉家人。“这是他学会自己做事的唯一方法。”A.fail失败；B.escape逃跑；C.protect保护；D.promise保证。根据下文“Hisyoungerbrotherwouldn’thelphimtooperatethecomputer.Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.Andrewcomplained.Loudlyattimes.(安德鲁的母亲不再写他的论文了。他的弟弟也不再帮他操作电脑。克里斯蒂也不会帮他做作业。安德鲁抱怨。有时声音很大。)”可知，没有家人的帮助，安德鲁开始做不好事情，即开始体验失败。故选A项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你必须让他失败，”她告诉家人。“这是他学会自己做事的唯一方法。”A.easy容易的；B.normal正常的；C.quick迅速的；D.only唯一的。根据上文“DoctorsandschoolofficialspredictedthatAndrewmightnotevengraduatefromhighschool.(医生和学校官员预测，安德鲁甚至可能不会从高中毕业。)”可知，大家都认为自闭症的安德鲁无法自己独立生活；根据下文“Oneatatime,Andrewgainedindependence.(一步一步，安德鲁获得了独立。)”可知最终在私人护理员的帮助下，安德鲁获得了独立，故可知她的办法是唯一能够帮助安德鲁独立的方法。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的弟弟不愿帮他操作电脑。A.help帮助；B.inspire激发；C.allow允许；D.refuse拒绝。根据下文“Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.(克里斯蒂也不会帮他做作业。)”可知，私人助理员也不再帮他，故前文应提及说妈妈和弟弟也不再帮他。故选A项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁有时大声地抱怨。A.apologized道歉；B.complained抱怨；C.requested要求；D.argued争论。根据上文“Christywouldn’thelphimwithhomeworkeither.(克里斯蒂也不会帮他做作业。)”可知，家人和私人护理员都不再帮他做事，他开始体验失败，应该会抱怨。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随后，克里斯蒂所期待的事情开始发生了。A.pass通过；B.reduce减少；C.spread传播；D.happen发生。根据下文“Andrewwouldcomehomefromschool,getasnackandstartonhishomework.(安德鲁放学回家，吃点零食，开始做作业。)”可知，安德鲁的行为发生了改变，他开始自己独立做事，私人护理员期待看到的事发生了。故选D项。【30题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：克里斯蒂总是在那里。A.always总是；B.sometimes偶尔；C.seldom几乎不；D.never从没。根据下文“Shewouldn’tdohispapersforhim.Butsheshowedhimhowtogetorganized.(她不会帮他写论文。但她向他展示了如何变得有条理。)”可知，私人护理员总是陪着安德鲁，观察他，以她的方式帮助他。故选A项。【31题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，克里斯蒂在安德鲁完成事情之后给他提供了自由。A.quality质量；B.measure措施；C.freedom自由；D.strength力量。根据下文“She’dtakehimtoastorewherehecouldbuyPokémoncards.Tothemovies.Orouttoeathisfavoritefood.(她会带他去一家商店，在那里他可以买到神奇宝贝卡片。去看电影。或者出去吃他最喜欢的食物。)”可知，私人护理员在安德鲁完成自己的事情之后，会带他出去做喜欢的事，即给他自由的空间。故选C项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她会带他去一家商店，在那里他可以买到神奇宝贝卡片。A.follow跟随；B.take带；C.force强迫；D.introduce介绍。根据下文“astorewherehecouldbuyPokémoncards(他可以买到神奇宝贝卡片的商店)”可知，此处提及商店是想要表示，她带安德鲁去商店购物。故选B项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成功地改变了一个自闭症男孩的生活。A.ruin破坏；B.change改变；C.occupy占据；D.admire钦佩。根据下文“Andrewgainedindependence.(安德鲁获得了独立。)”可知，安德鲁从被大家认为无法独立生活变得独立，他生活因为有私人护理员的帮助发生了很大改变。故选B项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一步一步，安德鲁获得了独立。A.discovery发现；B.competition比赛；C.choice选择；D.step脚步，步。根据上文“ChristyhasbeenwithAndrewforsixyears.(克里斯蒂已经和安德鲁在一起六年了。)”可知，她陪着安德里，看着他慢慢成长，可以说是一步步发生改变的。故选D项。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁说：“生活从未如此美好。”A.better更好的；B.busier更忙的；C.easier更容易的；D.quieter更安静的。根据上文“Hegraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredcommunitycollege.(他高中毕业，进入社区大学。)”可知，被认为无法高中毕业的安德里竟然考上了大学在，这肯定让他自己很开心幸福，故他可能会说考上大学后的独立生活是他最美好的生活。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theworldisinaclimatecrisis.Weneedtochangehowwegetourpower,which____36____(mean)weneedtoendtheuseoffossilfuels,likeoilandgas.TheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)hasstartedonworkthatcouldprovide____37____(million)ofhomeswithcleanandreliableenergy.Ithasapproved____38____three-yearprojecttotesthugesolarfarmsinspace.Thesesolarfarmsareexpected____39____(send)energywirelesslyfromspaceintopeopledhomes.AnESAspokespersonsaidonesolar-farmsatellitecouldcreatethesameamountofelectricity____40____apowerstationonEarth.Sheaddedthatthesatelliteswillbearound1.7kmin____41____(long)andtheiraimistohavemanyofthesegiantsatellites____42____(place)inlow-Earthorbits.Theycouldcutouruseoffossilfuelsandreduceenergyshortages.TheESAproject____43____